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SEC. 4405. [20 U.S.C. 3125] WITHHOLDING.

Whenever the Secretary, after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing to any State educational agency, finds that there is a failure to meet the requirements of any provision of this part, the Secretary shall notify that agency that further payments will not be made to the agency under this part, or in the discretion of the Secretary, that the State educational agency shall not make further payments under this part to specified local educational agencies whose actions cause or are involved in such failure until the Secretary is satisfied that there is no longer any such failure to comply. Until the Secretary is so satisfied, no further payments shall be made to the State educational agency under this part, or payments by the State educational agency under this part shall be limited to local educational agencies whose actions did not cause or were not involved in the failure, as the case may be. SEC. 4406. [20 U.S.C. 3126] STATE ENTITLEMENTS.

(a) PAYMENTS.-The Secretary shall, in accordance with the provisions of this section, make payments to State educational agencies for each of the fiscal years 1985 through 1993 for the purpose set forth in section 4407.

(b) ENTITLEMENTS. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3) and in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, the amount of the grant to which a State educational agency is entitled under this part shall be equal to the product of (A) the number of immigrant children enrolled during such fiscal year in elementary and secondary public schools under the jurisdiction of each local educational agency described under paragraph (2) within that State, and in any elementary or secondary nonpublic school within the district served by each such local educational agency, multiplied by (B) $500.

(2) The local educational agencies referred to in paragraph (1) are those local educational agencies in which the sum of the number of immigrant children who are enrolled in elementary or secondary public schools under the jurisdiction of such agencies, and in elementary or secondary nonpublic schools within the districts served by such agencies, during the fiscal year for which the payments are to be made under this part, is equal to

(A) at least 500; or

(B) at least 3 percent of the total number of students enrolled in such public or nonpublic schools during such fiscal year,

whichever number is less.

(3)(A) The amount of the grant of any State educational agency for any fiscal year as determined under paragraph (1) shall be reduced by the amounts made available for such fiscal year under any other Federal law for expenditure within the State for the same purpose as those for which funds are available under this part, but such reduction shall be made only to the extent that (i) such amounts are made available for such purpose specifically because of the refugee, parollee [sic], asylee, or other immigrant status of the individuals served by such funds, and (ii) such amounts are made available to provide assistance to individual eligible for services under this part.

(B) No reduction of a grant under this part shall be made under subparagraph (A) for any fiscal year if a reduction is made, pursuant to a comparable provision in any such other Federal law, in the amount made available for expenditure in the State for such fiscal year under such other Federal law, based on the amount assumed to be available under this part.

(c) DETERMINATIONS OF NUMBER OF CHILDREN. (1) Determinations by the Secretary under this section for any period with respect to the number of immigrant children shall be made on the basis of data or estimates provided to the Secretary by each State educational agency in accordance with criteria established by the Secretary, unless the Secretary determines, after notice and opportunity for a hearing to the affected State educational agency, that such data or estimates are clearly erro

neous.

(2) No such determination with respect to the number of immigrant children shall operate because of an underestimate or overestimate to deprive any State educational agency of its entitlement to any payment (or the amount thereof) under this section to which such agency would be entitled had such determination been made on the basis of accurate data.

(d) REALLOCATION.-Whenever the Secretary determines that any amount of a payment made to a State under this part for a fiscal year will not be used by such State for carrying out the purpose for which the payment was made, the Secretary shall make such amount available for carrying out such purpose to 1 or more other States to the extent the Secretary determines that such other States will be able to use such additional amount for carrying out such purpose. Any amount made avail

able to a State from an appropriation for a fiscal year in accordance with the preceding sentence shall, for purposes of this part, be regarded as part of such State's payment (as determined under subsection (b)) for such year, but shall remain available until the end of the succeeding fiscal year.

SEC. 4407. [20 U.S.C. 3127] USES OF FUNDS.

(a) SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIOnal Services AND COSTS.-Payments made under this part to any State may be used in accordance with applications approved under section 4408 for supplementary educational services and costs, as described under subsection (b) of this section, for immigrant children enrolled in an elementary and secondary public schools under the jurisdiction of the local educational agencies of the State described in section 4406(b)(2) and in elementary and secondary nonpublic schools of that State within the districts served by such agencies.

(b) KINDS OF SERVICES AND COSTS.-Financial assistance provided under this part shall be available to meet the costs of providing immigrant children supplementary educational services, including but not limited to

(1) supplementary educational services necessary to enable those children to achieve a satisfactory level of performance, including—

(A) English language instruction;

(B) other bilingual educational services; and

(C) special materials and supplies;

(2) additional basic instructional services which are directly attributable to the presence in the school district of immigrant children, including the costs of providing additional classroom supplies, overhead costs, costs of construction, acquisition or rental of space, costs of transportation, or such other costs as are directly attributable to such additional basic instructional services; and

(3) essential inservice training for personnel who will be providing instruction described in either paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection.

SEC. 4408. [20 U.S.C. 3128] APPLICATIONS.

(a) SUBMISSION.-No State educational agency shall be entitled to any payment under this part for any period unless that agency submits an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information, as the Secretary may reasonably require. Each such application shall—

(1) provide that the educational programs, services, and activities for which payments under this part are made will be administered by or under the supervision of the agency;

(2) provide assurances that payments under this part will be used for purposes set forth in section 4407;

(3) provide assurances that such payments will be distributed among local educational agencies within that State on the basis of the number of children counted with respect to such local educational agency under section 4406(b)(1), adjusted to reflect any reductions imposed pursuant to section 4406(b)(3) which are attributable to such local educational agency;

(4) provide assurances that the State educational agency will not finally disapprove in whole or in part any application for funds received under this part without first affording the local educational agency submitting an application for such funds reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing;

(5) provide for making such reports as the Secretary may reasonably require to perform the functions under this part; and

(6) provide assurances

(A) that to the extent consistent with the number of immigrant children enrolled in the elementary or secondary nonpublic schools within the district served by a local educational agency, such agency, after consultation with appropriate officials of such schools, shall provide for the benefit of these children secular, neutral, and nonideological services, materials, and equipment necessary for the education of such children;

(B) that the control of funds provided under this part and title to any materials, equipment, and property repaired, remodeled, or constructed with those funds shall be in a public agency for the uses and purposes provided in this part, and a public agency shall administer such funds and property; and

(C) that the provision of services pursuant to this paragraph shall be provided by employees of a public agency or through contract by such public agency with a person, association, agency, or corporation who or which, in the provision of such services, is independent of such elementary or secondary nonpublic school and of any religious organization; and such employment or contract shall be under the control and supervision of such public

agency, and the funds provided under this paragraph shall not be commingled with State or local funds.

(b) APPROVAL OF APPLICATION.-The Secretary shall approve an application which meets the requirements of subsection (a). The Secretary shall not finally disapprove an application of a State educational agency except after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record to such agency.

SEC. 4409. [20 U.S.C. 3129] PAYMENTS.

(a) AMOUNT.-Except as provided in section 4403(b), the Secretary shall pay to each State educational agency having an application approved under section 4408 the amount which that State is entitled to receive under this part.

(b) SERVICES TO CHILDREN ENROLLED IN NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS.-If by reason of any provision of law a local educational agency is prohibited from providing educational services for children enrolled in elementary and secondary nonpublic schools, as required by section 4408(a)(6), or if the Secretary determines that a local educational agency has substantially failed or is unwilling to provide for the participation on an equitable basis of children enrolled in such schools, the Secretary may waive such requirement and shall arrange for the provision of services to such children through arrangements which shall be subject to the requirements of this part. Such waivers shall be subject to consultation, withholding, notice, and judicial review requirements in accordance with the provisions of chapter 1 of title I.

SEC. 4410. [20 U.S.C. 3130] REPORTS.

(a) BIENNIAL REPORT.-Each State educational agency receiving funds under this part shall submit, biennially, a report to the Secretary concerning the expenditure of funds by local educational agencies under this part. Each local educational agency receiving funds under this part shall submit to the State educational agency such information as may be necessary for such report.

(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.-The Secretary shall submit biannually a report to the appropriate committees of the Congress concerning programs under this part.

D. AMERASIAN IMMIGRATION

(§ 584 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1988, as contained in § 101(e) of Public Law 100-202, 101 Stat. 1329-183, December 22, 1987, 8 U.S.C. 1101 note, and as amended by the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990, Pub. L. 101-167, and the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991, Pub. L. 101-513, and the Miscellaneous Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments of 1991, Pub. L. 102–232)

SEC. 584. [8 U.S.C. 1186a-1] AMERASIAN IMMIGRATION.

(a)(1) Notwithstanding any numerical limitations specified in the Immigration and Nationality Act, the Attorney General may admit aliens described in subsection (b) to the United States as immigrants if—

(A) they are admissible (except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2)) as immigrants, and

(B) they are issued an immigrant visa and depart from Vietnam on or after March 22, 1988.1

1 §584(a)(1)(B) was amended by the 10th proviso under Migration and Refugee Assistance in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (P.L. 101-167, 103 Stat. 1211, Nov. 21, 1989), to extend the period from March 21, 1990, to September 30, 1990, and was further amended by the 9th proviso under Migration and Refugee Assistance in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991, Pub. L. 101-513, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1996) to extend the period indefiniteİy.

(2) The provisions of paragraphs (4), (5), and (7)(A) 2 of section 212(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act shall not be applicable to any alien seeking admission to the United States under this section, and the Attorney General on the recommendation of a consular officer may waive any other provision of such section (other than paragraph (2)(C) or subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (E) of paragraph (3)) 2 with respect to such an alien for humanitarian purposes, to assure family unity, or when it is otherwise in the public interest. Any such waiver by the Attorney General shall be in writing and shall be granted only on an individual basis following an investigation by a consular officer.

(3) Notwithstanding section 221(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, immigrant visas issued to aliens under this section shall be valid for a period of one year.

3

(b)(1) An alien described in this section is an alien who, as of the date of the enactment of this Act, is residing in Vietnam and who establishes to the satisfaction of a consular officer or an officer of the Immigration and Naturalization Service after a face-to-face interview, that the alien

(A)(i) was born in Vietnam after January 1, 1962, and before January 1, 1976, and (ii) was fathered by a citizen of the United States (such an alien in this section referred to as a "principal alien");

(B) is the spouse or child of a principal alien and is accompanying, or following to join, the principal alien; or

(C) subject to paragraph (2), either (i) is the principal alien's natural mother (or is the spouse or child of such mother), or (ii) has acted in effect as the principal alien's mother, father, or next-of-kin (or is the spouse or child of such an alien), and is accompanying, or following to join, the principal alien. (2) An immigrant visa may not be issued to an alien under paragraph (1)(C) unless the principal alien involved is unmarried and the officer referred to in paragraph (1) has determined, in the officer's discretion, that (A) such an alien has a bona fide relationship with the principal alien similar to that which exists between close family members, and (B) the admission of such an alien is necessary for humanitarian purposes or to assure family unity. If an alien described in paragraph (1)(C)(ii) is admitted to the United States, the natural mother of the principal alien involved shall not, thereafter, be accorded any right, privilege, or status under the Immigration and Nationality Act by virtue of such parentage.

(3) For purposes of this section, the term "child" has the meaning given such term in section 101(b)(1)(A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (c) Any alien admitted (or awaiting admission) to the United States under this section shall be eligible for benefits under chapter 2 of title IV of the Immigration

2 § 603(a)(20) of the Immigration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-649, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5084) substituted a reference to paragraphs “(4), (5), and (7)(A)" for a reference to paragraphs “(14), (15), (20), (21), (25), and (32) and struck "(other than paragraph (27), (29), or (33) and other than so much of paragraph (23) as relates to trafficking in narcotics)" and inserted "(other than paragraph (2)(C) or subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (3))". This was further amended by § 307(1)(8) of the Miscellaneous and Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments of 1991 (P.L. 102-232, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1757) by substituting "(E)" for "(D)”.

3 §584(a)(3) was amended by the 6th proviso under Migration and Refugee Assistance in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (P.L. 101-167, 103 Stat. 1211, Nov. 21, 1989), to the extend the period of validity of visas from 8 months to 1 year.

4 The 9th proviso under Migration and Refugee Assistance, Department of State, in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989 (Pub. L. 100-461, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268-36) provides that "the provisions of subsection (c) of section 584 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1988, as contained in section 101(e) of Public Law 100-202, shall apply to an individual who (1) departs from Vietnam after the date of the enactment of this Act [viz., October 1, 1988], and (2) is described in subsection (b) of such section, but who is issued an immigrant visa under section 201(b) or 203(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (rather than under subsection (a) of such section), or would be described in subsection (b) of such section if such section also applied to principal aliens who were citizens of the United States (rather than merely to aliens)". The 11th proviso under Migration and Refugee Assistance in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (P.L. 101-167, 103 Stat. 1211, Nov. 21, 1989), as amended by chapter III of the Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Assistance, Food Stamps, Unemployment Compensation Administration, and Other Urgent Needs, and Transfers, and Reducing Funds Budgeted for Military Spending Act of 1991 (Pub. L. 101-302, May 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 228) struck "2-year period" [sic] and inserted "period" and the 9th proviso under Migration and Refugee Assistance in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990, Pub. L. 101-513, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1996) struck out any limitation on the period of departure from Vietnam.

and Nationality Act to the same extent as individuals admitted (or awaiting admission) to the United States under section 207 of such Act are eligible for benefits under such chapter.

(d) The Attorney General, in cooperation with the Secretary of State, shall report to Congress 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, after the date of the enactment of this Act on the implementation of this section. Each such report shall include the number of aliens who are issued immigrant visas and who are admitted to the United States under this section and number of waivers granted under subsection (a)(2) and the reasons for granting such waivers.

(e) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this section, the definitions contained in the Immigration and Nationality Act shall apply in the administration of this section and nothing contained in this section shall be held to repeal, amend, alter, modify, effect, or restrict the powers, duties, functions, or authority of the Attorney General in the administration and enforcement of such Act or any other law relating to immigration, nationality, or naturalization. The fact that an alien may be eligible to be granted the status of having been lawfully admitted for permanent residence under this section shall not preclude the alien from seeking such status under any other provision of law for which the alien may be eligible.

E. TITLE IX OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION ACT, FISCAL YEARS 1988 AND 1989

(Public Law 100-204, 101 Stat. 1399, December 22, 1987; as amended by § 555 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989, Pub. L. 100-461, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268-36)

TITLE IX-IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROVISIONS

[SEC. 901. PROHIBITION ON EXCLUSION OR DEPORTATION OF ALIENS ON CERTAIN GROUNDS. 1 [(a) 2 GENERAL.-Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no alien may be denied a visa or excluded from admission into the United States, subject to restrictions or conditions on entry into the United States, or subject to deportation because of any past, current or expected beliefs, statements, or associations which, if engaged in by a United States citizen in the United States, would be protected under the Constitution of the United States.

[(b) CONSTRUCTION REGARDING EXCLUDABLE ALIENS.-Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting the existing authority of the executive branch to deport, to deny issuance of a visa to, to deny adjustment of status of, 3 or to deny admission to the United States of, any alien

[(1) for reasons of foreign policy or national security, except that such deportation or denial may not be based on past, current, or expected beliefs, statements, or associations which, if engaged in by a United States citizen in the United States, would be protected under the Constitution of the United States,

1 Section repealed by § 603(a)(21) of the Immigration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-649, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5084).

2 Previous to the enactment of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989, subsection (a) read as follows:

(a) IN GENERAL.-Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no alien may be denied a visa or excluded from admission into the United States, subject to restrictions or conditions on entry into the United States, or subject to deportation because of any past, current, or expected beliefs, statements, or associations which, if engaged in by a United States citizen in the United States, would be protected under the Constitution of the United States.

In the amendments made by Public Law 100-461, there were several corrections made in the enrollment that were footnoted in the law as passed; these corrections are incorporated and shown in the text. In addition, the IN is missing before GENERAL in subsection (a). Also, §128(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (P.L. 101-246, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 30) inserted the phrase "subject to restrictions or conditions on entry into the United States," after "United States,".

3 The phrase "to deny adjustment of status of" was inserted by the 8th proviso of § 555 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989 (Pub. L. 100-461, Oct. 1, 1988).

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