States and Territories. For the purpose of this section the jurisdiction of such State and local officers and of the State and local courts shall extend over such immigrant station.

AMERICAN INDIANS BORN IN CANADA

SEC. 289. [8 U.S.C. 1359] Nothing in this title shall be construed to affect the right of American Indians born in Canada to pass the borders of the United States, but such right shall extend only to persons who possess at least 50 per centum of blood of the American Indian race.

CENTRAL FILE; INFORMATION FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND

AGENCIES

SEC. 290. [8 U.S.C. 1360] (a) There shall be established in the office of the Commissioner, for the use of the security and enforcement agencies of the Government of the United States, a central index, which shall contain the names of all aliens heretofore admitted to the United States, or excluded therefrom, insofar as such information is available from the existing records of the Service, and the names of all aliens hereafter admitted to the United States, or excluded therefrom, the names of their sponsors of record, if any, and such other relevant information as the Attorney General shall require as an aid to the proper enforcement of this Act.

(b) Any information in any records kept by any department or agency of the Government as to the identity and location of aliens in the United States shall be made available to the Service upon request made by the Attorney General to the head of any such department or agency.

(c) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall notify the Attorney General upon request whenever any alien is issued a social security account number and social security card. The Secretary shall also furnish such available information as may be requested by the Attorney General regarding the identity and location of aliens in the United States.

(d) A written certification signed by the Attorney General or by any officer of the Service designated by the Attorney General to make such certification, that after diligent search no record or entry of a specified nature is found to exist in the records of the Service, shall be admissible as evidence in any proceeding as evidence that the records of the Service contain no such record or entry, and shall have the same effect as the testimony of a witness given in open court.

BURDEN OF PROOF

SEC. 291. [8 U.S.C. 1361] Whenever any person makes application for a visa or any other document required for entry, or makes application for admission, or otherwise attempts to enter the United States, the burden of proof shall be upon such person to establish that he is eligible to receive such visa or such document, or is not subject to exclusion under any provision of this Act, and, if an alien, that he is entitled to the nonimmigrant; immigrant, spe

cial immigrant, immediate relative, or refugee status claimed, as the case may be. If such person fails to establish to the satisfaction of the consular officer that he is eligible to receive a visa or other document required for entry, no visa or other document required for entry shall be issued to such person, nor shall such person be admitted to the United States unless he establishes to the satisfaction of the Attorney General that he is not subject to exclusion under any provision of this Act. In any deportation proceeding under chapter 5 against any person, the burden of proof shall be upon such person to show the time, place, and manner of his entry into the United States, but in presenting such proof he shall be entitled to the production of his visa or other entry document, if any, and of any other documents and records, not considered by the Attorney General to be confidential, pertaining to such entry in the custody of the Service. If such burden of proof is not sustained, such person shall be presumed to be in the United States in violation of law.

RIGHT TO COUNSEL

SEC. 292. [8 U.S.C. 1362] In any exclusion or deportation proceedings before a special inquiry officer and in any appeal proceedings before the Attorney General from any such exclusion or deportation proceedings, the person concerned shall have the privilege of being represented (at no expense to the Government) by such counsel, authorized to practice in such proceedings, as he shall choose.

DEPOSIT OF AND INTEREST ON CASH RECEIVED TO SECURE IMMIGRATION BONDS

SEC. 293. [8 U.S.C. 1363] (a) Cash received by the Attorney General as security on an immigration bond shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States in trust for the obligor on the bond, and shall bear interest payable at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, except that in no case shall the interest rate exceed 3 per centum per annum. Such interest shall accrue from date of deposit occurring after April 27, 1966, to and including date of withdrawal or date of breach of the immigration bond, whichever occurs first: Provided, That cash received by the Attorney General as security on an immigration bond, and deposited by him in the postal savings system prior to discontinuance of the system, shall accrue interest as provided in this section from the date such cash ceased to accrue interest under the system. Appropriations to the Treasury Department for interest on uninvested funds shall be available for payment of said interest.

(b) The interest accruing on cash received by the Attorney General as security on an immigration bond shall be subject to the same disposition as prescribed for the principal cash, except that interest accruing to the date of breach of the immigration bond shall be paid to the obligor on the bond.

[The following provisions, sections 401 and 501 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 and printed in 8 point type, are included at this point as chapter 13 of title 8, United States Code, but are not part of the Immigration and Nationality Act:]

SEC. 401. [8 U.S.C. 1364] TRIENNIAL COMPREHENSIVE REPORT ON IMMIGRATION.

(a) TRIENNIAL REPORT.-The President shall transmit to the Congress, not later than January 1, 1989, and not later than January 1 of every third year thereafter, a comprehensive immigration-impact report.

(b) DETAILS IN EACH REPORT.-Each report shall include

(1) the number and classification of aliens admitted (whether as immediate relatives, special immigrants, refugees, or under the preferences classifications, or as nonimmigrants), paroled, or granted asylum, during the relevant period; (2) a reasonable estimate of the number of aliens who entered the United States during the period without visas or who became deportable during the period under section 241 of the Immigration and Nationality Act; and

(3) a description of the impact of admissions and other entries of immigrants, refugees, asylees, and parolees into the United States during the period on the economy, labor and housing markets, the educational system, social services, foreign policy, environmental quality and resources, the rate, size, and distribution of population growth in the United States, and the impact on specific States and local units of government of high rates of immigration resettlement. (c) HISTORY AND PROJECTIONS.-The information (referred to in subsection (b)) contained in each report shall be—

(1) described for the preceding three-year period, and

(2) projected for the succeeding five-year period, based on reasonable estimates substantiated by the best available evidence.

(d) RECOMMENDATIONS.-The President also may include in such report any appropriate recommendations on changes in numerical limitations or other policies under title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act bearing on the admission and entry of such aliens to the United States.

SEC. 501. [8 U.S.C. 1365] REIMBURSEMENT OF STATES FOR COSTS OF INCARCERATING ILLEGAL ALIENS AND CERTAIN CUBAN NATIONALS.

(a) REIMBURSEMENT OF STATES.-Subject to the amounts provided in advance in appropriation Acts, the Attorney General shall reimburse a State for the costs incurred by the State for the imprisonment of any illegal alien or Cuban national who is convicted of a felony by such State.

(b) ILLEGAL ALIENS CONVICTED OF A FELONY.-An illegal alien referred to in subsection (a) is any alien who is any alien convicted of a felony who is in the United States unlawfully and—

(1) whose most recent entry into the United States was without inspection, or (2) whose most recent admission to the United States was as a nonimmigrant and

(A) whose period of authorized stay as a nonimmigrant expired, or
(B) whose unlawful status was known to the Government,

before the date of the commission of the crime for which the alien is convicted. (c) MARIELITO CUBANS CONVICTED OF A FELONY.-A Marielito Cuban convicted of a felony referred to in subsection (a) is a national of Cuba who

(1) was allowed by the Attorney General to come to the United States in 1980, (2) after such arrival committed any violation of State or local law for which

a term of imprisonment was imposed, and

(3) at the time of such arrival and at the time of such violation was not an alien lawfully admitted to the United States

(A) for permanent or temporary residence, or

(B) under the terms of an immigrant visa or a nonimmigrant visa issued, under the laws of the United States.

(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION.-' -There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.

(e) STATE DEFINED.-The term "State" has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(36) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(36)).

TITLE III-NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION

CHAPTER 1-NATIONALITY AT BIRTH AND BY COLLECTIVE
NATURALIZATION

NATIONALS AND CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES AT BIRTH

238

SEC. 301.239 [8 U.S.C. 1401] The following shall be nationals and citizens of the United States at birth:

238 Section 506(b) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States, shown in Appendix V.A.1., made this section applicable to children born abroad to United States citizen or non-citizen national parents permanently residing in the Northern Mariana Islands.

239 HISTORICAL NOTE.-Previous to 1978, section 301 required that a person born abroad of a U.S. citizen parent and an alien parent must be physically present in the United States for a particular period of time in order to retain United States citizenship. Subsection (b) of this section provided for a five-year period of continuous residence as follows:

(b) Any person who is a national and citizen of the United States at birth under paragraph (7) of subsection (a), shall lose his nationality and citizenship unless he shall come to the United States prior to attaining the age of twenty-three years and shall immediately following any such coming be continuously physically present in the United State[s] for at least five years: Provided, That such physical presence follows the attainment of the age of fourteen years and precedes the age of twenty-eight years.

Subsection (c) of this section clarified that this requirement only applied to aliens born abroad after May 24, 1934:

(c) Subsection (b) shall apply to a person born abroad subsequent to May 24, 1934: Provided, however, That nothing contained in this subsection shall be construed to alter or affect the citizenship of any person born abroad subsequent to May 24, 1934, who, prior to the effective date of this Act, has taken up a residence in the United States before attaining the age of sixteen years, and thereafter, whether before or after the effective date of this Act, complies or shall comply with the residence requirements for retention of citizenship specified in subsections (g) and (h) of section 201 of the Nationality Act of 1940, as amended.

Section 16 of the Act of September 11, 1957 (71 Stat. 644) provided a rule for determining continuity of residence as follows: "In the administration of section 301(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, absences from the United States of less than twelve months in the aggregate, during the period for which continuous physical presence in the United States is required, shall not be considered to break the continuity of such physical presence."

Public Law 92-584 (Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1289) amended these provisions by rewriting subsection (b) to provide for only a two year residency requirement as follows:

(b) Any person who is a national and citizen of the United States under paragraph (7) of subsection (a) shall lose his nationality and citizenship unless (1) he shall come to the United States and be continuously physically present therein for a period of not less than two years between the ages of fourteen years and twenty-eight years; or (2) the alien parent is naturalized while the child is under the age of eighteen years and the child begins to reside permanently in the United States while under the age of eighteen years. In the administration of this subsection absences from the United States of less than sixty days in the aggregate during the period for which continuous physical presence in the United States required shall not break the continuity of such physical presence.

That Public Law also repealed section 16 of the Act of September 11, 1957, and added a new subsection (d), as a savings clause for those complying with the previous law:

(d) Nothing contained in subsection (b), as amended, shall be construed to alter or affect the citizenship of any person who has come to the United States prior to the effective date of this subsection and who, whether before or after the effective date of this subsection, immediately following such coming complies or shall comply with the physical presence requirements for retention of citizenship specified in subsection (b) prior to its amendment and the repeal of section 16 of the Act of September 11, 1957.

These amendments applied to aliens born abroad after May 24, 1934.

The first section of Public Law 95-432 (Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat 1046), effective October 10, 1978, repealed subsections (b), (c), and (d), thus eliminating the residence requirement for retention of

Continued

(a) a person born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof;

(b) a person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe: Provided, That the granting of citizenship under this subsection shall not in any manner impair or otherwise affect the right of such person to tribal or other property;

(c) a person born outside of the United States and its outlying possessions of parents both of whom are citizens of the United States and one of whom has had a residence in the United States or one of its outlying possessions, prior to the birth of such person;

(d) a person born outside of the United States and its outlying possessions of parents one of whom is a citizen of the United States who has been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for a continuous period of one year prior to the birth of such person, and the other of whom is a national, but not a citizen of the United States;

(e) a person born in an outlying possession of the United States of parents one of whom is a citizen of the United States who has been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for a continuous period of one year at any time prior to the birth of such person;

(f) a person of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five years, until shown, prior to his attaining the age of twenty-one years, not to have been born in the United States;

(g) 240 a person born outside the geographical limits of the United States and its outlying possessions of parents one of whom is an alien, and the other a citizen of the United States who, prior to the birth of such person, was physically present in the United States or its outlying possessions for a period or periods totaling not less than five years, at least two 241 of which were after attaining the age of fourteen years: Provided, That any periods of honorable service in the Armed Forces of the United States, or periods of employment with the United States Government or with an international organization as that term is defined in section 1 of the International Organizations Immunities Act (59 Stat. 669; 22 U.S.C. 288) by such citizen parent, or any periods during which such citizen parent is physically present abroad as the dependent unmarried son or daughter and a member of the household of a person (A) honorably serving with the Armed Forces of the United States, or

United States citizenship. This change was effective on October 10, 1978, and is prospective in nature (viz., it does not reinstate as citizens those who had lost citizenship under section 301(b) as previously in effect). See H. Rept. 95-1493 (95th Cong.), to accompany H.R. 13349, p. 2. 240 The Act of March 16, 1956 (70 Stat. 50; 8 U.S.C. 1401a), provides as follows: That section 301(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act shall be considered to have been and to be applicable to a child born outside of the United States and its outlying possessions after January 12, 1941, and before December 24, 1952, of parents one of whom is a citizen of the United States who has served in the Armed Forces of the United States after December 31, 1946, and before December 24, 1952, and whose case does not come within the provisions of section 201 (g) or (i) of the Nationality Act of 1940.

241 § 12 of the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1986 (Pub. L. 99-653, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3657) substituted "five years, at least two" for "ten years, at least five", effective for persons born on or after November 14, 1986.