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ulations, or willfully fail to appear or to give information or submit to medical or psychiatric examination if required, or knowingly give false information in relation to the requirements of such regulations, or knowingly violate a reasonable restriction imposed upon his conduct or activity, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.156

(e) Any alien against whom a final order of deportation is outstanding by reason of being a member of any of the classes described in paragraph (2), (3) or (4) 157 of section 241(a), who shall willfully fail or refuse to depart from the United States within a period of six months from the date of the final order of deportation under administrative processes, or, if judicial review is had, then from the date of the final order of the court, or shall willfully fail or refuse to make timely application in good faith for travel or other documents necessary to his departure, or who shall connive or conspire, or take any other action, designed to prevent or hamper or with the purpose of preventing or hampering his departure pursuant to such order of deportation, or who shall willfully fail or refuse to present himself for deportation at the time and place required by the Attorney General pursuant to such order of deportation, shall upon conviction be guilty of a felony, and shall be imprisoned not more than ten years: Provided, That this subsection shall not make it illegal for any alien to take any proper steps for the purpose of securing cancellation of or exemption from such order of deportation or for the purpose of securing his release from incarceration or custody: Provided further, That the court may for good cause suspend the sentence of such alien and order his release under such conditions as the court may prescribe. In determining whether good cause has been shown to justify releasing the alien, the court shall take into account such factors as (1) the age, health, and period of detention of the alien; (2) the effect of the alien's release upon the national security and public peace or safety; (3) the likelihood of the alien's resuming or following a course of conduct which made or would make him deportable; (4) the character of the efforts made by such alien himself and by representatives of the country or countries to which his deportation is directed to expedite the alien's departure from the United States; (5) the reason for the inability of the Government of the United States to secure passports, other travel documents, or deportation facilities from the country or countries to which the alien has been ordered deported; and (6) the eligibility of the alien for discretionary relief under the immigration laws.

(f) Should the Attorney General find that any alien has unlawfully reentered the United States after having previously departed or been deported pursuant to an order of deportation, whether before or after the date of enactment of this Act, on any ground described in any of the paragraphs enumerated in subsection (e), the previous order of deportation shall be deemed to be reinstated from its origi

156 This crime is classified as a Class E felony under § 3559(a) of title 18, United States Code, and, under § 3571(b) of title 18, United States Code, the maximum fine is the greater of the amount specified under this section or $250,000.

157

57 § 307(m)(2) of the Miscellaneous and Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments of 1991 (P.L. 102-232, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1757) struck "paragraph (4), (5), (6), (7), (11), (12), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), or (19)" and inserted "paragraph (2), (3) or (4)".

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nal date and such alien shall be deported under such previous order at any time subsequent to such reentry. For the purposes of subsection (e) the date on which the finding is made that such reinstatement is appropriate shall be deemed the date of the final order of deportation.

(g) If any alien, subject to supervision or detention under subsections (c) or (d) of this section, is able to depart from the United States under the order of deportation, except that he is financially unable to pay his passage, the Attorney General may in his discretion permit such alien to depart voluntarily, and the expense of such passage to the country to which he is destined may be paid from the appropriation for the enforcement of this Act, unless such payment is otherwise provided for under this Act.

(h) An alien sentenced to imprisonment shall not be deported until such imprisonment has been terminated by the release of the alien from confinement. Parole, supervised release, probation, or possibility of rearrest or further confinement in respect of the same offense shall not be a ground for deferral of deportation.

(i) In the case of an alien who is convicted of an offense which makes the alien subject to deportation, the Attorney General shall begin any deportation proceeding as expeditiously as possible after the date of the conviction.

EXPEDITED PROCEDURES FOR DEPORTATION OF ALIENS CONVICTED OF COMMITTING AGGRAVATED FELONIES

SEC. 242A. [8 U.S.C. 1252a] (a) IN GENERAL.-The Attorney General shall provide for the availability of special deportation proceedings at certain Federal, State, and local correctional facilities for aliens convicted of aggravated felonies (as defined in section 101(a)(43)). Such proceedings shall be conducted in conformity with section 242 (except as otherwise provided in this section), and in a manner which eliminates the need for additional detention at any processing center of the Service and in a manner which assures expeditious deportation, where warranted, following the end of the alien's incarceration for the underlying sentence.

(b) IMPLEMENTATION.-With respect to an alien convicted of an aggravated felony who is taken into custody by the Attorney General pursuant to section 242(a)(2), the Attorney General shall, to the maximum extent practicable, detain any such felon at a facility at which other such aliens are detained. In the selection of such facility, the Attorney General shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the alien's access to counsel and right to counsel under section 292 are not impaired.

(c) PRESUMPTION OF DEPORTABILITY.—An alien convicted of an aggravated felony shall be conclusively presumed to be deportable from the United States.

(d) EXPEDITED PROCEEDINGS. (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Attorney General shall provide for the initiation and, to the extent possible, the completion of deportation proceedings, and any administrative appeals thereof, in the case of any alien convicted of an aggravated felony before the alien's release from incarceration for the underlying aggravated felony.

(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the Attorney General to effect the deportation of any alien sentenced to actual incarceration, before release from the penitentiary or correctional institution where such alien is confined. 158

(e) REVIEW. (1) The Attorney General shall review and evaluate deportation proceedings conducted under this section. Within 12 months after the effective date of this section, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate concerning the effectiveness of such deportation proceedings in facilitating the deportation of aliens convicted of aggravated felonies.

(2) The Comptroller General shall monitor, review, and evaluate deportation proceedings conducted under this section. Within 18 months after the effective date of this section, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to such Committees concerning the extent to which deportation proceedings conducted under this section may adversely affect the ability of such aliens to contest deportation effectively.

159a DEPORTATION PROCEDURES

SEC. 242B. [8 U.S.C. 1252b] (a) NOTICES.—

(1) ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.-In deportation proceedings under section 242, written notice (in this section referred to as an "order to show cause") shall be given in person to the alien (or, if personal service is not practicable, such notice shall be given by certified mail to the alien or to the alien's counsel of record, if any) specifying the following:

(A) The nature of the proceedings against the alien.

(B) The legal authority under which the proceedings are conducted.

(C) The acts or conduct alleged to be in violation of law. (D) The charges against the alien and the statutory provisions alleged to have been violated.

(E) The alien may be represented by counsel and the alien will be provided a list of counsel prepared under subsection (b)(2).

(F)(i) The requirement that the alien must immediately provide (or have provided) the Attorney General with a written record of an address and telephone number (if any) at which the alien may be contacted respecting proceedings under section 242.

(ii) The requirement that the alien must provide the Attorney General immediately with a written record of any change of the alien's address or telephone number.

158 § 506(a) of the Immigration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-649, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5050) struck ", unless the chief prosecutor or the judge in whose jurisdiction conviction occurred submits a written request to the Attorney General that such alien be so deported" before the period at the end, effective on November 29, 1990. In addition, § 512 of that Act, shown in Appendix II.A.1., authorizes appropriations for fiscal years 1991 through 1995 for 20 additional immigration judges to conduct proceedings under this subsection.

159a Section 242B was inserted by § 545(a) of the Immigration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-649, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5061), effective as provided in § 545(g) of that Act, and was amended by § 306(b)(6) of the Miscellaneous and Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments of 1991 (P.L. 102-232, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1753), effective as if included in the Immigration Act of 1990.

(iii) The consequences under subsection (c)(2) of failure to provide address and telephone information pursuant to this subparagraph.

(2) NOTICE OF TIME AND PLACE OF PROCEEDINGS.-In deportation proceedings under section 242—

(A) written notice shall be given in person to the alien (or, if personal service is not practicable, written notice shall be given by certified mail to the alien or to the alien's counsel of record, if any), in the order to show cause or otherwise, of

(i) the time and place at which the proceedings will be held, and

(ii) the consequences under subsection (c) of the failure, except under exceptional circumstances, to appear at such proceedings; and

(B) in the case of any change or postponement in the time and place of such proceedings, written notice shall be given in person to the alien (or, if personal service is not practicable, written notice shall be given by certified mail to the alien or to the alien's counsel of record, if any) of(i) the new time or place of the proceedings, and

(ii) the consequences under subsection (c) of failing, except under exceptional circumstances, to attend such proceedings.

In the case of an alien not in detention, a written notice shall not be required under this paragraph if the alien has failed to provide the address required under subsection (a)(1)(F).

(3) FORM OF INFORMATION.-Each order to show cause or other notice under this subsection

(A) shall be in English and Spanish, and

(B) shall specify that the alien may be represented by an attorney in deportation proceedings under section 242 and will be provided, in accordance with subsection (b)(1), a period of time in order to obtain counsel and a current list described in subsection (b)(2).

(4) CENTRAL ADDRESS FILES.-The Attorney General shall create a system to record and preserve on a timely basis notices of addresses and telephone numbers (and changes) provided under paragraph (1)(F).

(b) SECURING OF COUNSEL.

(1) IN GENERAL.-In order that an alien be permitted the opportunity to secure counsel before the first hearing date in proceedings under section 242, the hearing date shall not be scheduled earlier than 14 days after the service of the order to show cause, unless the alien requests in writing an earlier hearing date.

(2) CURRENT LISTS OF COUNSEL.-The Attorney General shall provide for lists (updated not less often than quarterly) of persons who have indicated their availability to represent pro bono aliens in proceedings under section 242. Such lists shall be provided under subsection (a)(1)(E) and otherwise made generally available.

(c) CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO APPEAR.

(1) IN GENERAL.-Any alien who, after written notice required under subsection (a)(2) has been provided to the alien or the alien's counsel of record, does not attend a proceeding under section 242, shall be ordered deported under section 242(b)(1) in absentia if the Service establishes by clear, unequivocal, and convincing evidence that, the written notice was so provided and that the alien is deportable. The written notice by the Attorney General shall be considered sufficient for purposes of this paragraph if provided at the most recent address provided under subsection (a)(1)(F).

(2) NO NOTICE IF FAILURE TO PROVIDE ADDRESS INFORMATION.— No written notice shall be required under paragraph (1) if the alien has failed to provide the address required under subsection (a)(1)(F).

(3) RESCISSION OF ORDER.-Such an order may be rescinded only

(A) upon a motion to reopen filed within 180 days after the date of the order of deportation if the alien demonstrates that the failure to appear was because of exceptional circumstances (as defined in subsection (f)(2)), or

(B) upon a motion to reopen filed at any time if the alien demonstrates that the alien did not receive notice in accordance with subsection (a)(2) or the alien demonstrates that the alien was in Federal or State custody and did not appear through no fault of the alien.

The filing of the motion to reopen described in subparagraph (A) or (B) shall stay the deportation of the alien pending disposition of the motion.

(4) EFFECT ON JUDICIAL REVIEW.-Any petition for review under section 106 of an order entered in absentia under this subsection shall, notwithstanding such section, be filed not later than 60 days (or 30 days in the case of an alien convicted of an aggravated felony) after the date of the final order of deportation and shall (except in cases described in section 106(a)(5)) be confined to the issues of the validity of the notice provided to the alien, to the reasons for the alien's not attending the proceeding, and to whether or not clear, convincing, and unequivocal evidence of deportability has been established. (d) TREATMENT OF FRIVOLOUS BEHAVIOR.-The Attorney General shall, by regulation—

(1) define in a proceeding before a special inquiry officer or before an appellate administrative body under this title, frivolous behavior for which attorneys may be sanctioned,

(2) specify the circumstances under which an administrative appeal of a decision or ruling will be considered frivolous and will be summarily dismissed, and

(3) impose appropriate sanctions (which may include suspension and disbarment) in the case of frivolous behavior. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Attorney General to take actions with respect to inappropriate behavior.

(e) LIMITATION

APPEAR.

ON DISCRETIONARY RELIEF FOR FAILURE TO

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