(5) to improve water efficiency through water demand management and reduction of unaccounted-for water; (6) to promote long-term sustainability in the affordable and equitable provision of access to safe water and sanitation through the creation of innovative financing mechanisms such as national revolving funds, and by strengthening the capacity of recipient governments and communities to formulate and implement policies that expand access to safe water and sanitation in a sustainable fashion, including integrated planning; (7) to secure the greatest amount of resources possible, encourage private investment in water and sanitation infrastructure and services, particularly in lower middle-income countries, without creating unsustainable debt for low-income countries or unaffordable water and sanitation costs for the very poor; and (8) to promote the capacity of recipient governments to provide affordable, equitable, and sustainable access to safe water and sanitation. (b) AUTHORIZATION.-To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the President is authorized to furnish assistance for programs in developing countries to provide affordable and equitable access to safe water and sanitation. (c) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.-Assistance provided under subsection (b) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be used to (1) expand affordable and equitable access to safe water and sanitation for underserved populations; (2) support the design, construction, maintenance, upkeep, repair, and operation of water delivery and sanitation systems; (3) improve the safety and reliability of water supplies, including environmental management; and (4) improve the capacity of recipient governments and local communities, including capacity-building programs for improved water resource management. (d) LOCAL CURRENCY.-The President may use payments made in local currencies under an agreement made under title I of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to provide assistance under this section. Chapter 2-Other Programs 137 Sec. 201.138 General Authority. *** [Repealed-1978] Sec. 202.138 Authorization. *** [Repealed—1978] Sec. 203.138 Fiscal Provisions. * ** * [Repealed-1978] Sec. 204.138 Development Loan Committee. pealed-1978] *** [Re Sec. 205.139 Relating to Transfers to International Financial Institutions. * * * * [Repealed-1972] 137 Sec. 102(g)(1)(B) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 942) inserted the chapter heading "Other Programs" in lieu of "Development Assistance". 138 Sec. 102(g)(1)(A) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 942) repealed secs. 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, and 208. The text of sec. 204 was subsequently reinserted as subsec. (e) of sec. 122 of this Act. 139 Sec. 101(d) of the FA Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226; 86 Stat. 21) repealed sec. 205. Title I-Multilateral and Regional Development Programs 140 Sec. 206.141 Regional Development in Africa.-The President is requested to seek and to take appropriate action, in cooperation and consultation with African and other interested nations and with international development organizations, to further and assist in the advancement of African regional development institutions, including the African Development Bank, with the view toward promoting African economic development. Sec. 207.138 Purposes of Development Assistance. *** [Repealed-1978] Sec. 208.138 Self-Help Criteria. * * * [Repealed-1978] Sec. 209.142 Multilateral and Regional Programs. (a) The Congress recognizes that the planning and administration of development assistance by, or under the sponsorship of the United Nations, multilateral lending institutions, and other multilateral organizations may contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of that assistance through participation of other donors in the development effort, improved coordination of policies and programs, pooling of knowledge, avoidance of duplication of facilities and manpower, and greater encouragement of self-help performance. (b) 143 It is further the sense of the Congress (1) that where problems or opportunities are common to two or more countries in a region, in such fields as agriculture, education, transportation, communications, power, watershed development, disease control, and establishment of development banks, these countries often can more effectively resolve such problems and exploit such opportunities by joining together in regional organizations or working together on regional programs, (2) that assistance often can be utilized more efficiently in regional programs than in separate country programs, and (3) that to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the purposes of this Act assistance under this Act should be furnished so as to encourage less developed countries to cooperate with each other in regional development programs. (c) 144 It is the sense of the Congress that the President should increase, to the extent practicable, the funds provided by the United States to multilateral lending institutions and multilateral organizations in which the United States participates for use by 140 Sec. 102(g)(1)(C) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 942) added this new title heading. 141 22 U.S.C. 2166. Sec. 102(b) of the FA Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-171) added sec. 206. 142 22 U.S.C. 2169. Sec. 102(e) of the FA Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137) added sec. 209. Sec. 101(c)(1) of the FA Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226; 86 Stat. 21) amended subsec. (a), which formerly read as follows: "(a) Multilateral Programs.-The Congress recognizes that planning and administration of development assistance by, or under the sponsorship of, multilateral lending institutions and other international organizations may, in some instances, contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of that assistance through participation of other donors in the development effort, improved coordination of policies and programs, pooling of knowledge, avoidance of duplication of facilities and manpower, and greater encouragement of self-help performance.". 143 Sec. 101(c)(3) of the FA Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226; 86 Stat. 21) struck out "Regional Programs.-". 144 Subsec. (c), which was added by sec. 101(c)(2) of the FA Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226; 86 Stat. 21), was amended by sec. 311 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). It formerly read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President should reduce the amounts and numbers of loans made by the United States directly to individual foreign countries with the objective of reducing the total amount of bilateral loans made under this Act so that, by not later than June 30, 1975, such total amount shall not exceed $100,000,000.". such institutions and organizations in making loans to foreign countries. (d) 145 * * * [Repealed-2000] Sec. 211.146 General Authority. *** [Repealed-1978] Sec. 212.146 Authorization. * *** [Repealed-1978] Title II-American Schools and Hospitals Abroad; Prototype Desalting Plant 148 Sec. 214.149 American Schools and Hospitals Abroad. (a) The President is authorized to furnish 150 assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may specify, to schools and libraries outside the United States founded or sponsored by United States citizens and serving as study and demonstration centers for ideas and practices of the United States. (b) The President is authorized,151 notwithstanding the provisions of the Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951 (22 U.S.C. 1611 et seq.) 152 to furnish 153 assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may specify, to institutions referred to in subsection (a) of this section, and to hospital centers for medical education and research outside the United States, founded or sponsored by United States citizens. 154 (c) 155 (1) To carry out the purposes of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1987. (2) Amounts appropriated under paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available until expended. 156 145 Subsec. (d), added by sec. 101(c)(2) of the FA Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226; 86 Stat. 21), was struck out by sec. 804 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2001 (H.R. 5526, as introduced on October 24, 2000, enacted by reference in sec. 101(a) of Public Law 106-429; 114 Stat. 1900A-67). It had read as follows: "(d) In furtherance of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any funds appropriated under this part I may be transferred by the President to the International Development Association, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the Asian Development Bank or other multilateral lending institutions and multilateral organizations in which the United States participates for the purpose of providing funds to enable any such institution or organization to make loans to foreign countries.". 146 Sec. 102(g)(1)(A) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 942) repealed secs. 211, 212, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, and 220A. 147 Sec. 103(c) of the FA Act of 1962 (76 Stat. 256) repealed sec. 213. 148 Sec. 102(g)(1)(D) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 942) added this new title heading. 149 22 U.S.C. 2174. 150 Sec. 103(b)(1) of the FA Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-205) struck out "use, in addition to other funds available for such purposes, funds made available for the purposes of sec. 211 for" and inserted in lieu thereof "furnish". 151 Sec. 103(b)(2) of the FA Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-205) struck out "to use" after "authorized". 152 Superseded by the Export Administration Act of 1979. 153 Sec. 103(b)(2) of the FA Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-205) struck out "foreign currencies accruing to the United States Government under any Act, for purposes of subsection (2) of this section, and for" and inserted in lieu thereof "to furnish". 154 Sec. 103(c)(1) of the FA Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-583) substituted the words to this point, beginning with "to institutions referred to" in lieu of "to hospitals outside the United States founded or sponsored by United States citizens and serving as centers for medical education and research". 155 Sec. 4(2) of the FA Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-189) amended and restated subsec. (c). 156 The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were added by sec. 401 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190). Authorizations under sec. 214 for recent years included the following: fiscal year 1975$19,000,000; fiscal year 1976-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1977-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1978$25,000,000; fiscal year 1979-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1980-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1981$30,000,000; fiscal year 1982-$20,000,000; fiscal year 1983-$20,000,000; fiscal year 1984 Continued (d) 157 Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b), funds appropriated under this section may be used for assistance to centers for pediatric plastic and reconstructive surgery established by Children's Medical Relief International, except that assistance may not be furnished for the domestic operations of any such center located in the United States, its territories or possessions. Sec. 215.158 Loans to Small Farmers. *** [Repealed-1978] Sec. 218.158 Fish and Other Protein Concentrates. *** [Repealed-1978] Sec. 219.159 Prototype Desalting Plant.—(a) In furtherance of purposes of this part and for the purpose of improving existing, and developing and advancing new technology and experience in the design, construction, and operation of large-scale desalting plants of advanced concepts which will contribute materially to low-cost desalination in all countries, including the United States, the President, if he determines it to be feasible, is authorized to participate tion. $30,000,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization; fiscal years 1988 through 2006-no authorizaCongress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 2006. Instead, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2006 (Public Law 109-102), waived the requirements for authorization and title II of that Act (119 Stat. 2176) provided the following "DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE *Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, not less than $20,000,000 should be made available for the American Schools and Hospitals Abroad program:". Title III, ch. 8 of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act To Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006 (division B of Public Law 109-148; 119 Stat. 2791), however, provided the following: "GOVERNMENT-WIDE RESCISSIONS "SEC. 3801. (a) ACROSS-THE-BOARD RESCISSIONS.-There is hereby rescinded an amount equal to 1 percent of “(1) the budget authority provided (or obligation limit imposed) for fiscal year 2006 for any discretionary account of this Act and in any other fiscal year 2006 appropriation Act; (2) the budget authority provided in any advance appropriation for fiscal year 2006 for any discretionary account in any prior fiscal year appropriation Act; and (3) the contract authority provided in fiscal year 2006 for any program subject to limitation contained in any fiscal year 2006 appropriation Act. “(b) PROPORTIONATE APPLICATION.-Any rescission made by subsection (a) shall be applied proportionately (1) to each discretionary account and each item of budget authority described in such subsection; and "(2) within each such account and item, to each program, project, and activity (with programs, projects, and activities as delineated in the appropriation Act or accompanying reports for the relevant fiscal year covering such account or item, or for accounts and items not included in appropriation Acts, as delineated in the most recently submitted President's budget). "(c) EXCEPTIONS.-This section shall not apply (1) to discretionary budget authority that has been designated pursuant to section 402 of H. Con. Res. 95 (109th Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2006; or "(2) to discretionary authority appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Veterans Affairs. (d) OMB REPORT-Within 30 days after the date of the enactment of this section the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate a report specifying the account and amount of each rescission made pursuant to this section 157 Sec. 114(2) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 950) repealed subsecs (d) and (e) (originally added by the FA Act of 1973), and redesignated subsec (f) (originally added by Public Law 95 88; 91 Stat. 539) as subsec. (d). 158 Sec. 102(g)(1)(A) of Public Law 9h 424 (92 Hat 942) repealed secs. 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, and 220A. 15922 U.S.C. 2179. See 104 of the PA Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-175; 83 Stat. 806) added sec. 219. in the development of a large-scale water treatment and desalting prototype plant and necessary appurtenances to be constructed in Israel as an integral part of a dual-purpose power generating and desalting project. Such participation shall include financial, technical, and such other assistance as the President deems appropriate to provide for the study, design, construction, and, for a limited demonstration period of not to exceed five years, operation and maintenance of the water treatment and desalting facilities of the dual-purpose project. (b) Any agreement entered into under subsection (a) of this section shall include such terms and conditions as the President deems appropriate to insure, among other things, that all information, products, uses, processes, patents, and other developments obtained or utilized in the development of this prototype plant will be available without further cost to the United States for the use and benefit of the United States throughout the world, and to insure that the United States, its officers and employees have a permanent right to review data and have access to such plant for the purpose of observing its operations and improving science and technology in the field of desalination. (c) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the President may enter into contracts with public or private agencies and with any person without regard to sections 3648 and 3709 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (31 U.S.C. 529 and 41 U.S.C. 5). (d) Nothing in this section shall be construed as intending to deprive the owner of any background patent or any right which such owner may have under that patent. (e) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the President may utilize the personnel, services, and facilities of any Federal agency. (f) The United States costs, other than its administrative costs, for the study, design, construction, and operation of a prototype plant under this section shall not exceed either 50 per centum of the total capital costs of the facilities associated with the production of water, and 50 per centum of the operation and maintenance costs for the demonstration period, or $20,000,000, whichever is less. There are authorized to be appropriated, subject to the limitations of this subsection, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including administrative costs thereof. Such sums are authorized to remain available until expended. (g) No funds appropriated for the Office of Saline Water pursuant to the appropriation authorized by the Act of July 11, 1969 (83 Stat. 45, Public Law 91-43), or prior authorization Acts, shall be used to carry out the purposes of this section. Sec. 220.158 Programs for Peaceful Communication. * [Repealed-1978] Sec. 220A.158 Suez Canal. * * * * [Repealed-1978] |