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1. Reformation should be the supreme aim of prison discipline,... 194
2. Progressive classification should be established,
194
3. A system of rewards should be instituted,
4. Probationary stage essential to test the cure of the prisoner,.
195
5. Greater breadth should be given to religious agencies,.
197
6. Educational element should be made more prominent,.
198
7. Industrial training should have a higher development,
8. Peremptory sentences should be abolished.....
9. Greater use should be made of the social principle,..
10. Political influence must be eliminated,.
199
.....
11. Moral agencies should be more used, ..
200
12. Prisons should be classified as well as prisoners,..
13. Preventive agencies should be more extensively employed,...
14. Discharged prisoners should be better cared for,..
201
15. The contract system should be abolished,...
16. Repeated short sentences should be discarded,.
202
17. District prisons between the state prison and common jail
necessary,
173
174
176
181
184
xx
PAGE.
18. A central authority should be established, having charge of the
whole penal system of a state....
203
Analysis of the statistical table,.....
IV. REPORT ON STATE PRISONS AND MEMORIAL TO LEGISLATURE,
1. Financial administration,.
2. Moral administration,
3. Recent disturbances in state prisons,
PROPOSED STATE REFORMATORY FOR YOUNG CRIMINALS,
1. Plan of organization,
......
a. Reformation the main design,..
b. All reasonable facilities for reformation to be given,
c. The discipline to this end to be systematic and persistent,
2. Details of management and discipline,
General summary of commissioners' report in a series of proposi-
234
tions,
3. The site,...
California,..
236
238
VI. REFORMATORY WORK IN UNITED STATES FOR 1868,..
240
Wisconsin, ....
Tabular view of reformatory statistics (1868),
VII. COMMUTATION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES,.
Alabama,..
Arkansas,
California,
Nevada,
New Jersey,
Oregon,
Pennsylvania,.
Rhode Island,..
Table showing time that may be earned by good conduct,..
VIII. REPORTS OF LOCAL COMMITTEES ON COUNTY JAILS,
1. Montgomery county,.
2. Niagara county,.
3. Wayne county,.
4. Tioga county,
5. Oneida county,
6. Saratoga county,
7. Oswego county,
IX. THE CAPITALISTS OF CRIME,....
274
276
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
The criminal craft requires the combined action of capital and labor,.. 295
Two well defined classes enlisted in criminal operations, viz.:
These furnish the most vital and the most vulnerable point at which to
strike at crime,
296
X. HOW ARE CRIMINALS MADE? can their Number be dimiNISHED,.
An imaginary history showing the processes by which children become
criminals,..
298
The remedy, or how crime may be diminished,.
300
1. By making education compulsory,....
2. By the establishment of public nurseries for the children of
pauper and criminal parents,
3. By the establishment of industrial schools for street Arabs,.... 301
4. By the multiplication of juvenile reformatories,. . . . . .
301
XI. THE SEEDS OF CRIME,.
303
One hundred convicts examined by Mr. Kingsmill on the immediate
occasion of their fall,..
Extract from Warden Haynes' last report on this subject,..
Chaplain Carleton's view,
XIII.
XIII. PRISON STATISTICS: A NATIONAL PRISON BUREAU,.....
310
Statistics undervalued and neglected in America,
...
Importance of this science,....
Prison statistics (to be of much value) must be drawn from a wide field
and upon a uniform basis....
How can such statistics be secured?
312
Either,
1. Through a national prison discipline society (or),....................... 313
2. A national prison bureau,...
313
KIV.
XIV. THE TRUE THEORY OF PUBLIC PUNISHMENT,
314
Such a system must recognize and build upon the principles of human
nature,...
Neither the separate nor congregate system, as now conducted, does this, 314
Intercourse of prisoners, duly regulated, not corrupting,.....
Moral and conventional offences must be broadly distinguished,.
Peremptory character of sentences should be modified, if not abolished,. 315
Recovery almost always possible, when sought by right methods, . 316
XV. THE DUTY OF SOCIETY TO DISCHARGED PRISONERS: AN IMPERIAL COMMIS-
SION IN FRANCE ON THIS QUESTION,.
.......
Grave importance of the question,
The world awaking to its importance,..
The occasion and character of the movement in France,...
Five papers on the subject,......
317
318
324
325
328
5. Reply of the secretary (by request of Dr. L.) to M. Demetz,.... 328
Duty of the state to discharged prisoners,.
Little done in this country, as compared with what ought to be done,.. 330
The reformatories do this work better than the prisons,.
Difference of opinion as to the best mode of procedure,
1. Mr. Sherwood's plan of industrial homes or refuges,.
2. Mr. Miller's plan of immediate diffusion,
Each has its merits, each its defects,
344
345
1. The prisoner must be reformed,......
Better to employ both methods,
Yet the true solution lies in the use of a right prison discipline,
The solution has just two elements, and both essential,
2. His reformation must have a guaranty,.....
Impossible for the separate system ever to give such a guaranty, and
equally impossible for the congregate system, as now conducted,
to give it,.......
348
The trial must have a field of comparative freedom to work in,....... 348
The Irish system meets both conditions:
The Irish system offers a common ground for the friends of separa-
tion and association,
349
The social discipline at Mettray has wrought wonders with youthful
prisoners; why may it not bear fruit equally precious with those
more advanced in age?.......
XVI. PICTURES FROM PRISON LIFE. By Mr. Haynes,
The book has three divisions,.
1. Historical—a sketch of the origin and progress of the Massa-
chusetts state prison,
2. Incidents illustrative of prison life,...
3. Suggestions on prison discipline,
350
The laws regarding insanity in its relation to crime demand revision,
-The mind, in its own nature, incorruptible,
Insanity the result of an abnormal condition of one or more of the
bodily organs,..
353
Remarkable case of a woman who killed two daughters,
354
Facts of the case stated,..
355
Insanity the defence set up,
On the facts, two juries would probably bring in different verdicts,.
The law on this subject variant and contradictory,
356
Lord Erskine's and Lord Mansfield's tests,.
Under those tests every one of the 1,000 inmates of the Utica insane
asylum, on a trial for murder, would be convicted and suffer death,. 356
The doctrine of insanity as laid down by Judge Edmonds,
The case worse in England than in this country, ..
Facts showing that numerous victims of insanity undergo penal treat-
ment in the jails of England,.......
The same true, to a considerable extent, in the United States,
Unsatisfactory nature of the evidence on trials where the defence is
Case of a criminal who seemed quite unable to see the difference be-
tween right and wrong,...
360
The facts recited show that our criminal laws, so far as they deal with
insanity, need revision,
A commission of mental pathologists and criminal jurists should be
formed to study the question,...
Results that might be expected from such a commission,
361