the original, at the end of the sentence. I explained to him our doctrine on this point, and difference from Rome. He said it seemed to him to be a question no ways pertaining to edification or to piety. He had said before that, for some time they disputed with the Latins about the novelty of the word "transubstantiation," but at length, and that now long ago, they received it as meaning the same thing as conversion, transmutation, &c. When I had pointed out to him the real question about the mode, he quite assented to the idea that it is best to say nothing about it; that the words of their liturgies were sufficient. He did not deny the inconsistency of the Catechism of Mogila and the XVIII. Articles with themselves on this point, nor the difference of language which may be traced in Russian authors in consequence; but for himself he thought that the Fathers used various and contradictory language on this point. He asked me if I was content with my journey to Russia, and what I had gained from it. I spoke of the Second Nicene Council. It would be impossible to make the kissing of pictures or images necessary and resting on a General Council, seeing that we had never canonically received but rejected the Second Nicene. He asked if there was any chance of my returning. I said it was more likely I should go to Chaldea to see if the Nestorian Offices were as full as theirs of Invocations.

Wednesday, June 23 [N.s.].-Saw Fortunatoff, who told me that Professor Bozolubsky was with him yesterday, and seemed to know the English Church admirably well, and told him that the Metropolitan could not do otherwise than answer me by ambiguities, as he was not at all acquainted with the English Church.

CHAPTER CXXV.

Visit to M. and Mde. Potemkin at Gortilitsa.

HURSDAY, June 24.-At ten started in

THURS

a

calèche for Gortilitsa, about fifty versts distant. It belonged once to the Empress Elizabeth. The house, or houses, connected by a verandah, surrounded a very large court, with a tuft of garden or shrubbery in the middle. The gardens on the other side were in English style, with a deep valley, a trout stream, cascades, fountains, grottoes, and lakes (sometimes three visible at once), hills and woods. Nothing could be prettier; and on the side by which I approached there was a very neat and large church. In the village there are about 500 souls, but the church is common to this and another people about one and a half versts off. The whole population to whom the church belongs is 1500. 500 is the lowest number which has a claim to have a church of its own, and very frequently two or three villages have only one church between them. I found the family in mourning for

the recent death of the Princess Ousoupoff, my host's mother. There was liturgy every morning. We had breakfast in the alcove immediately after, but without eggs, butter, or cream, on account of the fast. Vespers were about seven, and the bell went for matins at about seven in the morning.

The day before my arrival they killed a huge bear, shooting him as he was splashing the water into his face in the lake. The hills all round the village were covered with beds of strawberries, which the villagers. take to Petersburg in great quantities to sell. The woods also abound with them wild. They have several villages on their property. One village was a colony of Lutheran Finns. Some of the villagers are free, being allowed by their master and mistress to purchase their freedom at an easy rate; but this makes only an ideal difference between them and the rest, for some of them, who are still slaves, pay a fixed annual sum to their masters, and then work for themselves, or hire out their labour for what it may be worth; others work for their masters three days in the week. The peasants here are not a very good set. They were very ill-used by the superintendent of the late owner, who got some fifty or sixty of them sent into Siberia for coming one evening to their master from the field, in the hay season, to remonstrate against him, with their pitchforks on their shoulders, which he repre

sented as an émeute. M. Potemkin, at the urgent entreaty of their families, procured from the Emperor the pardon and return of them after seventeen years of absence; but they have since been known to complain that they were better off in Siberia, where they were not treated as convicts, but rather as forced colonists. They owe their lord now between 1000 and 2000 days' work. He provides their wooden cottages for them. They took me a drive in the evening en ligne, with four horses abreast, in most classical style, to see two manufactories in the neigh bourhood.