They invited me to be present at the Liturgy in the Nefsky Lavra on Friday next, the 30th, the anniversary of the Peace of Nystadt, of the Translation of the Relics of St. Alexander Nefsky in A.D. 1724, and the name's-day of the hereditary Grand Duke.

CHAPTER XXVI.

Prince Alexander Galitsin, Grand Master of

Requests.

HE same day on board the Cronstadt steamer

THE

66 the

I sat next to a Russian, who spoke to me in good English. He was going down with his son, a lad of nineteen, who was about to start on his first voyage, a voyage round the world. He had known well, he said, the late Count Joseph De Maistre. He was a very nice old man, but very bigoted. He tried to introduce the use of a new name or nickname, Photian Church," instead of the "Greek" or "Eastern Church." He (the speaker) had been in Spain, and had observed great fanaticism there; and he thought that there was a deep mixture of political ambition in the Papal Communion. He admitted that there had been a Protestantizing spirit in some of the Russian divines, mentioning Philaret of Moscow as having been foremost in showing that tendency. But it has now been checked. He praised Consett's book (the trans

lation of the Spiritual Regulation,' &c.). He spoke of himself as possessing a pretty good library of English books. He observed that the Bishops in England have been too much enslaved by the State since the time of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth; and he regretted that Protestantism which mars so much that is good in the English character. He admitted that Latin influences had prevailed extensively in the Levant since the fall of Constantinople, and had tinged, on points not controverted, many Greek writings; and he was aware that the XVIII. Articles of the Synod of Bethlehem of A.D. 1672 have been corrected in some points in the Russian translation of them recently published by the Synod.

As I was speaking of my purpose in coming to Russia, he said that a year or more ago he had seen a memorial, which had been presented either to the Grand Duke Alexander the Heir Apparent, or to the Emperor at the Russian Embassy in London. This is what I had myself presented at Oxford in A.D. 1839, and it had found its way in due course to the person who now spoke of it, Prince Alexander Galitsin (not the same as had been Minister in the last reign and President of the Bible Society), as he was the Grand Master of the Requests.

He asked whether I had any introduction, and to 1 [Vid. supr. p. 101, note.]

whom? and said that the introduction to Count Pratasoff was the very best I could have. He said that the Russian clergy have been reduced too low in society by the acts of Peter I., Peter III., and Catharine II., and that they are not sufficiently independent, especially in the country. A commission has lately been employed in collecting information as to the position and maintenance of the clergy in other countries of Europe, and it is intended to do something to raise their condition; and there is certainly, he added, a great deal doing to improve their education.

CHAPTER XXVII.

Mr. Palmer's first controversial Discussion with the Archpriest.-The Divine Procession.

A

UGUST 31 [0.s.].-I visited the Archpriest

Koutnevich. He returned to the Procession of the Holy Ghost, and said that the Latins might with equal justice infer that the Son must be from the Father and the Holy Ghost, as that the Holy Ghost was from the Father and the Son. "But that," I said, "would be to deny or reverse the relative order of the Persons." I said also, "In condemning the Latin doctrine, you seem to condemn those Latin Fathers who held it before the schism." "Those Latin Fathers," he replied, "spoke only of a Procession from the Son in time, and to the creatures," alluding perhaps to the explanation given at Rome to St. Maximus the Martyr, and to his words, "missionem nimirum Processionem intelligentes." I answered, "That does not seem to us true either of the Greek Fathers or of the Latin; and, whatever individuals or particular Churches