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REMEMBER THE MANUAL.

Teachers, do not forget that the state of Wisconsin, at a great expense, has prepared for you one of the best guides for the schoolroom in the English print. The Manual of the Course of Study is not for use in the institute only but in the schoolroom every day you are at work. Have a copy on your desk where you can consult it at any time of the day or during intermissions. Apply to your county superintendent or the state superintendent for a free copy if you have none in your possession. This advice applies not only to county certificate teachers, but to those who have attended county training and state normal schools. The reading work outlined by Mrs. Bradford offers suggestions in this study which even the professionally trained can gain much benefit from by reading.

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tries and in all ages will be very valuable and instructive. Other sets are Sports and Games, Trees, River Views, Mountain Scenes. The possibilities are almost infinite.

SHALL I? SHALL I NOT?

What are the social rights and privileges of a teacher? What may she enjoy in the way of social diversion? What limitations should she put upon. herself? These questions in one form or another are constantly bobbing up and when they do arise A safe are always more or less vexatious ones. rule for the teacher to follow is to accept no engagements during the school week which will in any manner interfere with her school work; to participate in no amusements about the propriety of which there can be question; to find her companionship among such people as are respectable and of good standing in the community. If she keeps within these limits, she will be free from self-censure and also from the critical comment of the people of her community. Anything less is likely to subject the teacher to a loss of her selfrespect, of the respect of the community, or of her teaching power and influence. These we can not afford to lose as they are our stock in trade.

AN EXPERIMENT FOR THE PHYSIOLOGY
CLASS.

To test the lung capacity fill a washtub twothirds full of water. Get a large glass jar and a

A carpenter is known by his tool chest. not a teacher, also? The good carpenter has a good chest of tools kept in good condition. He has them always ready to do his work. The teacher should be constantly collecting materials to help piece of rubber tubing. Fill the jar, which should

her in her work. A teacher told me last fall that she had so much material in her trunk that she did not know where to put her hat. What was that material? Oh, the things a teacher would need to do her work with. Her charts, of which she had a large set made by herself, chart paper, pencils, colored crayons, wax crayons, inks, rulers, blocks, pictures, seat work material-the list is a long one. She made excellent use of her materials and is well known as a successful teacher. The moral is found at the beginning of the paragraph -have the tools of your profession and know how to use them.

Some excellent material for the tool chest is sets of pictures, cut from various sources, mounted on drawing or other stiff paper and classified. For example, a set of pictures on "Transportation" illustrating the various means used in all coun

hold at least four quarts, full of water and invert it in the tub of water so that the water all remains in the jar. Then insert one end of the rubber tube under the mouth of the jar and let a pupil blow as hard and as long as he can with a single breath through the tube. The air from the lungs will pass into the jar and displace the water. The amount of water displaced indicates quite closely the capacity of the lungs of the pupil at the other end of the rubber tube.

THE WORLD'S CHRONICLE.
(Formerly The Little Chronicle.)

Send us $1.65 and we will renew your subscription to the Wisconsin Journal of Education for one year and will send you The World's Chronicle to any address given for one full year.

This is our prize combination offer this year. Cash with order.

THE PARKER EDUCATIONAL CO.,
Madison, Wis.

Department of Administration

The School Laws and their Interpretation
School Boards and their Problems
The State Department of Education

New high schools have been chartered this summer at Edgar, Mattoon, Plum City, Elmwood, Bruce, Gratiot (township), Fifield, and Wabeno. One also has been established at Stratford, Marathon county, which is the first union high school in the state to take advantage of the recent law permitting a number of school districts to organize for this purpose. Shiocton is also considering the proposition of establishing a union high school. Prospective high schools are at Ridgeway, Arena (township), and Gillett. There are only two three year high schools left, at Friendship and 'Unity.

A new school code is being prepared by Chief Clerk Harper of the state department, which, it is hoped will be ready for distribution by October first. This code will be a revision of all the school laws, including those passed by the legislature last winter.

State Superintendent Cary has not yet definitely decided on a date for the meeting of the city superintendents of the state as authorized by a law passed by the last legislature. It is settled that the first meeting will be held in Madison and will probably occur early in October. A circular letter will be sent to all city superintendents as soon as the date is definitely determined.

The special state aid to graded schools of the first and second class has been apportioned by the department. The first class schools receive $300 each and the second class $200. This year 159 first class and 274 second class graded schools were awarded this special aid, while some twenty schools were refused on various grounds.

The city of Manitowoc, at least, has a statute which permits it to unite its various school systems under one head. No action has yet been taken but it is thought an agreement will soon be reached.

In the suit of school district No. 2 of Manitowoc against Miss Gertrude Paine for breach of

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contract, the case seems still to be in the courts with every prospect that it will be carried to the supreme court for final decision. The probate court recently sustained a demurrer to the complaint on the ground that the suit was instigated by the members of the school board rather than by the electors of the district, who are the only ones properly authorized to bring such a suit.

School clerks receiving the Journal and who are not now in office are reminded that they are personally responsible for the subscription unless we are notified in due time of the name and address of the new clerk.

We publish in this issue in full some of the more important school laws with which teachers and school officers ought to be conversant. By another month all the laws of 1909 will be published in permanent form by the state superintendent.

A member of a rural school board called us to

task recently for an article in an educational column urging the desirability of the school board. hiring the janitor work done by some one aside from the teacher. He said that if that were done the teacher would have nothing in the way of exercise, that she needed that work to quicken the circulation of the blood. As we thought of schools where the teacher must board a mile or more from the schoolhouse, break her own track on stormy winter mornings, dig the wood out from under the snow because the district had not provided a woodshed, and stand and shiver until the room was warmed, we felt that the circulation of the blood might be secured at too great a cost.

The Department has published this summer Mr. H. S. Youker's paper on the main lines along which school legislation affecting cities should be revised and amended. It is a most exhaustive and valuable treatment of the subject and suggests reforms necessary for the better administration of our city systems of schools. It may be obtained free upon application to the State Department.

SOME OF THE NEW SCHOOL LAWS

CITY SUPERINTENDENTS' CONVENTION.
[Published June 3, 1909.
CHAPTER 253, LAWS OF 1909.

No. 879, A.]

AN ACT to create section 926-117m of the statutes, relating to duties of city superintendents of schools.

The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:

Section 1. There is added to the statutes a new section to read: Section 926-117m. It shall be the duty of each city superintendent to attend annually one convention called and held by the state superintendent for the purpose of consultation upon matters pertaining to the supervision and management of city schools. Each superintendent shall be reimbursed his actual and necessary expenses incurred for travel, board and lodging because of attendance upon such convention, such bills to be audited and allowed by the boards of education upon presentation of an itemized statement of expense accompanied by a certificate of attendance signed by the state superintendent.

Section 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. Approved June 1, 1909.

CONDEMNATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

No. 162, S.]

[Published June 23, 1909. CHAPTER 550, LAWS OF 1909.

AN ACT to create sections 524m-1, 524m-2, 524m-3, 524m-4, 524m-5, 524m-6 and 524m -7 of the statutes, providing for inspection of public school buildings.

The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. There are added to the statutes seven new sections to read: Section 524m-1. The inspector of rural schools, the inspectors of state graded schools, and the inspector of high schools of the state, in addition to their other duties are hereby made inspectors of public school buildings. Said inspectors shall act under the direction of the state superintendent, and under such regulations as may be established by him.

Section 524m-2. Whenever any county or district superintendent, city superintendent, member of a school board or board of education, or any voter of a school district or a member of a board of health, shall make a complaint in writing to the state superintendent that any building used for or in connection with any public school in his county, district, city, village, or town, as the case may be, is in an unsanitary condition, or that the conditions are such as to endanger the life and health of the children attending school, or that the schoolhouse is unfit for school purposes one of said inspectors designated by the state superintendent shall personally investigate and examine the premises and buildings concerning which said complaint is made.

Section 524m-3. Upon such investigation and examination, said inspector shall, if conditions warrant it, make an order directing the school board, the board of education, the town board of school directors, or other officer or officers having control of the school district or school corporation, to repair and improve such building or buildings as may be necessary, and to place said buildings in a safe and sanitary condition; or if the said inspector shall deem

the schoolhouse unfit for school purposes and not worth repairing he shall state said fact and recite the reason therefor.

Section 524m-4. The said inspector shall file said order in the state superintendent's office, and cause true copies thereof to be delivered, by mail or otherwise, to the clerk of the district board, the secretary of the town board of school directors, the clerk of the board of education of the district or school corporation where such schoolhouse and premises are located, and shall deliver as provided herein copies of said order to the proper county, district or city superintendent, and also the clerk of the town, city or village in which the schoolhouse is located.

Section 524m-5. The said order shall state the time in which it shall be complied with, and shall take effect from its date, and shall continue in force and full effect until reversed. The decision of the inspector may be appealed from to the state superintendent in the time and manner now provided for taking appeals to said superintendent, and the decision appealed from shall be stayed pending such appeal.

Section 524m-6. Whenever any school district, school corporation, school board, board of education, or town board of school directors shall refuse to comply with the order of said inspector within the time therein specified, such school district or school corporation shall forfeit absolutely its apportionment of the fund derived from the seven-tenths mill tax, provided for in section 1072a of the statutes, and amendments thereto, and shall continue to so forfeit its regular apportionment of such fund until there is full compliance with the requirements of said order.

Section 524m-7. Nothing in this act shall be deemed to interfere with the operation of the provisions of subsection 3 of section 461 of the statutes, relating to the duties of county superintendents of schools, or with the provisions of section 1418b of the statutes, relating to the inspection and regula tion of the sanitary conditions of schoolhouses by boards of health.

Section 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. Approved June 17, 1909.

COUNTY CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS. No. 794, A.] [Published June 12, 1909. CHAPTER 378, LAWS OF 1909. AN ACT to create sections 450-1 to 450-5 inclusive, of the statutes, relating to the examination, qualifications and certification of teachers. The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:

Section 1. There are added to the statutes five new sections to read: Section 450-1. 1. Every applicant for a third grade certificate shall be examined in orthoepy, spelling, reading, penmanship, arithmetic, elementary composition and grammar, geography, the history of the United States, the civil government of the United States and of the state of Wisconsin, physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system, school management, the manual of the elementary course of study for the common schools of Wisconsin, and the elements of agriculture; and in addition to passing examinations in the aforesaid branches he shall have attended a professional school for teachers for at least six weeks and shall have received in such school standings in school management, and in the methods of teaching reading

and language, arithmetic and geography, provided, however, that the provisions of this section relative to attendance at professional schools for teachers shall not apply to persons who have taught successfully in the public schools for at least eight months prior to July 1st, 1910.

2. In this act "professional school for teachers" shall mean a state normal school, a county training school for teachers, any school in rank above a high school, offering a course for teachers equivalent to that offered in the state normal schools of Wisconsin, or, in counties remote from a state normal school or county training school for teachers, a teachers' institute maintained under such conditions and restrictions as may be provided for by the board of regents of normal schools, provided that such institute shall be taught by at least two teachers and be of not less duration than six weeks, and shall have in connection therewith a model or practice school.

3. A third grade certincate shal entitle the holder to teach for such period, not more than one year, as may be specified therein, in the superintendent's district in which the certificate is issued. A third grade certificate may be renewed if the holder shall during the life of the certificate attend a professional school for teachers for a period of not less than six weeks and shall receive in such school credits in at least two subjects. The holder of a third grade certificate may also renew the same by passing an examination in all the subjects required for a third grade certificate. Not more than three third grade certificates shall be granted after 1910 to the same person.

Section 450-2. 1. An applicant to receive a second grade certificate shall have taught successfully in the public schools for at least eight months and shall pass a satisfactory examination in all the branches required for a third grade certificate, and in addition in physical geography, American literature, English composition, anu in the cataloging and use of school libraries. The county or city superintendent may transfer the standings of a third grade certificate in force to a second grade certificate if the holder of such third grade certificate has taught a school successfully for at least eight months and has attended, since receiving such third grade certificate, a professional school for teachers for at least six weeks and received credits in at least two subjects.

2. A second grade certificate shall entitle the holder to teach in the superintendent's district where it is issued and shall be in force three years from the date of its issue.

3. A second grade certificate may be renewed if the holder thereof shall pass an examination in all the subjects required for a second grade certificate. A second grade certificate may also be renewed without examination provided the holder thereof has taught successfully for two years during the life of such certificate and has attended a professional school for teachers for at least six weeks and received credits in at least two subjects.

Section 450-3. 1. An applicant to receive a first grade certificate shall have taught successfully for at least eight months in the public schools and shall pass a satisfactory examination in all the branches required for a second grade certificate, and in addition in English literature, theory and art of teaching, algebra, physics and English history. The county or city superintendent may transfer the standing of a second grade certificate in force to a first grade certificate if the holder of such second grade certificate has taught a school successfully for at least eight months and has attended since receiving such second grade certificate, a professional school for teachers for at least six weeks and received credits in at least two subjects.

2. A first grade certificate shall entitle the holder to teach in the superintendent's district in which it is issued and shall be in force for five years.

3. A first grade certificate may be renewed by the county or city superintendent for one or more periods of five years each, provided the holder has taught successfully for a period of ten years.

Section 450-4. Whenever the supply of legally qualified teachers in any county has been exhausted the county or city superintendent with the approval of the state superintendent may issue special third grade certificates on examination in the subjects required for such certificates to as many persons as are necessary to supply the schools, provided that not more than one such certificate shall be issued to the same person.

Section 450-5. 1. No first, second or third grade teacher's certificate shall be issued after July 1st, 1910, except as provided in sections 450-1 to 450-4 inclusive, of this act, provided further that nothing in this act shall repeal the provisions of section 450a of the statutes.

2. Any person so desiring, may, however, qualify for the several grades of certificates, provided for in this act, as therein required, at any time after its passage and publication.

Section 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. Approved June 11, 1909.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE MORE IMPORTANT OF THE NEW EDUCATIONAL LAWS.

PREPARED BY HON. C. F. VIEBAHN. CHAPTER 86. The board of education in cities may elect the city superintendent for a term not to exceed three years. (Law given in full elsewhere.)

CHAPTER 98. Whenever two or more counties unite in establishing a joint county training school for teachers, the county superintendents of the counties so uniting and two members in addition chosen from each such county, no member of a county board being eligible thereto, shall constitute the joint county training school board, of which the superintendent of the county in which the school house is located shall be ex-officio secretary.

CHAPTER 104 and 184. A school shall be maintained in each school district or subdistrict for at least eight months during the year.

CHAPTER 154. In case a school district maintains more than one rural school of the first class, it shall receive the special state aid of fifty dollars for each such school.

CHAPTER 155. Any city or any school district, having within its limits a city, desiring to establish a school or schools for the purpose of giving practical instructions in the useful trades to young men having attained the age of sixteen and young women having attained the age of fourteen years, as part of the public school system of such city, is empowered to do so.

CHAPTER 164. The school library law is amended in various particulars. Hereafter the state superintendent can not suspend the operation of the school library law in a district in which a free public library is maintained unless there has been expended by the public library during the year previous in the purchase of books suitable for pupils in the elementary grades a sum at least equal to ten cents for each person of school age residing in the district.

CHAPTER 171. Every school house site or any school site obtained by purchase or grant shall be located and established abutting on a public highway or street, and any school house hereafter to be erected shall not be erected on any site unless such site abuts on a public highway or street.

CHAPTER 177. Prescribes the mode of procedure for changing the school system in any city other than of the first class.

CHAPTER 183. Pupils residing more than two miles from the school house in the home district, but at least half a mile nearer to the school house in a neighboring district, are privileged to attend the school in the neighboring district. In such a case the per capita apportionment of the state school fund income for such pupils and the equivalent sum levied by the town shall be paid by the district in which the children reside to the district in which they attend school.

CHAPTER 184. Whether the teacher to be hired shall be a man or a woman is hereafter left to the board.

CHAPTER 194. In all cities of the third and fourth class the expenditure of all sums of money appropriated for the purchase of a school site or sites, or for the erection, enlargement, alteration, or repair of school buildings and for the maintenance of schools, shall be under the direction and authority of the board of education, subject to certain limitations.

CHAPTER 199. There shall be paid annually out of the state treasury, in the month of July, to the treasurer of the school district board, or of the board of education in any city or village maintaining a school or schools for the blind under the charge of one or more teachers, whose qualifications shall be approved by the state superintendent, the sum of two hundred dollars for each blind pupil instructed in such school or schools at least nine months during the year, and a share of such sum proportionate to the term of instruction of any such pupil who shall be instructed less than nine months during the year, the said sum of two hundred dollars to include instruction in music and manual training, and to cover necessary expenses.

CHAPTER 204. State normal schools may offer training courses for teachers equivalent to the courses offered by county training schools for teachers. (Given more in detail under Normal School News in this number.)

CHAPTER 217. Section 490 of the statutes relating to the establishment of free high schools is amended by omitting in the first sentence the words "which contains within its limits an incorporated village or which has a graded school of not less than two departments."

CHAPTER 222. The county or district superintendent shall annually hold at least one school board convention, but no convention shall be held for more than two consecutive days.

CHAPTER 293. Non-resident pupils attending a County training school for teachers may be charged tuition which shall not exceed seventy-five cents per week.

CHAPTER 249. The official proceedings of meetings of boards of education, including a full statement of receipts and expenditures, shall be published from time to time.

CHAPTER 237. Cities of the fourth class may return to the district system, if so decided by the majority vote of the electors.

CHAPTER 253. City superintendents shall attend annually all conventions called and held by the state superintendent; and they shall be reimbursed for their expenses incurred because of attendance upon such convention. (Given in full elsewhere.)

CHAPTER 257. The special state aid to township high schools is limited to half the sum expended for teachers' wages. is not to exceed $900 to schools employing a principal and one assistant, and to $1200 and $1500 respectively to schools employing a prin

cipal and two assistants or a principal and three or more assistants. CHAPTER 264. The number of county training schools for teachers that may be established is raised from 20 to 26.

CHAPTER 313. After the county board or boards have determined to establish a county school of agriculture and domestic economy, the dean of the college of agriculture, the state superintendent, and the president of the board of agriculture, acting as a com. mittee for that purpose, shall decide upon the proper location of such school of agriculture and domestic economy. The number of such schools that may be established is increased from eight to ten. The state aid which they may receive is not to exceed $4000.

CHAPTER 319. The annual appropriations for the maintenance of normal schools is increased from $215,000 to $340,000.

CHAPTER 328. School buildings must be provided with exits having doors shut, open or swing outward, whether such doors are outer doors or open upon vestibules or stairways.

CHAPTER 351. This act provides a method by which a school district which contains wholly or partly within its limits an incorporated village or city of the fourth class may elect school officers in the same manner as village and city officers are elected, by ballot at regular election booths.

CHAPTER 378. An act relating to the examination, qualifications, and certification of teachers. (Given in full elsewhere.)

CHAPTER 416. The school of library science shall hereafter be known as the school of library science of the university. The regents of the university are hereafter to co-operate with the free library commission in the maintenance of the library school and to aid the school by appropriation out of the funds of the university such sums as will aid in securing specialized teaching, etc.

CHAPTER 421. The board of regents of normal schools are to locate a normal school site in the city of Eau Claire. Carries no appropriation.

CHAPTER 493. With the advice and consent of the state superintendent a union free high school may be established in any tract of contiguous territory with an area of not less than thirty-six square miles and shall be bounded by section lines, except in certain cases.

CHAPTER 498. An ordinary school district and a district maintaining a township high school may join in erecting a school building for housing the district school and the high school.

CHAPTER 502. The law relating to the suspension of a school and the transportation of pupils is amended in some of its details.

CHAPTER 507. The regents of the university are authorized to establish and equip two branch agricultural experiment stations.

CHAPTER 529. This act provides that hereafter at least two members of the board of university regents shall be women.

CHAPTER 537. One hundred dollars additional state aid will be apportioned for each pupil not residing in the district maintaining a day school for the deaf and who finds it necessary to pay for board in the district or for transportation or for both, but who is unable to meet this expense.

CHAPTER 550. The inspector of rural schools, the inspector of state graded schools and the inspector of high schools of the state, in addition to their other duties, are made inspectors of public school buildings, with power to condemn same and withhold the seven-tenths' mill tax until their orders are obeyed.

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