not attained its utmost growth as a city of the Romans. The great aqueduct was not yet built, by which Herodes Atticus brought water from the fountains of Ida, and the piers of which are still standing.' The enclosure of the walls, extending above a mile from east to west, and near a mile from north to south, may represent the limits of the city in the age of Claudius. The ancient harbor, even yet distinctly traceable, and not without a certain desolate beauty, when it is the foreground of a picture with the hills of Imbros and the higher peak of Samothrace in the distance, is an object of greater interest than the aqueduct and the walls. All further allusions to the topography of the place may be deferred till we describe the Apostle's subsequent and repeated visits. At present he is hastening towards Europe. Every thing in this part of our narrative turns our eyes to the West. 4 When St. Paul's eyes were turned towards the West, he saw that remarkable view of Samothrace over Imbros, which has just been mentioned. And what were the thoughts in his mind when he looked towards Europe across the Egean? Though ignorant of the precise nature of the supernatural intimations which had guided his recent journey, we are led irresistibly to think that he associated his future work with the distant prospect of the Macedonian hills. We are reminded of another journey, when the Prophetic Spirit gave him partial revelations on his departure from Corinth, and on his way to Jerusalem. "After I have been there I must also see Rome- I have no more place in these parts I know not what shall befall me, save that the Holy Ghost witnesseth that bonds and afflictions abide me."" Such thoughts, it may be, had been in the Apostle's mind at Troas, when the sun set beyond Athos and Samothrace, and the shadows fell 1 See Clarke's Travels. 2 See Pococke's Travels. The author of Eōthen was much struck by the appearance of Samothrace seen aloft over Imbros, when he recollected how Jupiter is described in the Iliad as watching from thence the scene of action before Troy. Now I knew," he says, "that Homer had passed along here, that this vision of Samothrace over-towering the nearer island was common to him and to me." - P. 64. The same train of thought may be extended to our present subject, and we may find a sacred pleasure in looking at any view which has been common to St. Paul and to us. * Acts xvi., xx; 2 Cor. ii. ; 2 Tim. iv. Acts xix. 21. • Rom. xv. 23. It will be remembered that the Epistle to the Romans was written just before this departure from Corinth. 7 Acts xx. 22, 23. 8 Athos and Samothrace are the highest points in this part of the Ægean. They are the conspicuous points from the summit of Ida, along with Imbros, which is nearer. (Walpole's Memoirs, p. 122.) See the notes at the beginning of the next chapter. "Mount Athos is plainly visible from the Asiatic coast at sunset, but not at other times. Its distance hence is about 80 miles. Reflecting the red rays of the sun, it appears from that coast like a huge mass of burnished gold. . . . Mr. Turner, being off the N. W. end of Mytilene (Lesbos) 22d June, 1814, says, 'The evening being clear, we plainly saw the immense Mount Athos, which appeared in the form of ... on Ida and settled dark on Tenedos and the deep. With the view of the distant land of Macedonia imprinted on his memory, and the thought of Europe's miserable Heathenism deep in his heart, he was prepared, like Peter at Joppa,' to receive the full meaning of the voice which spoke to him in a dream. In the visions of the night, a form appeared to come and stand by him; and he recognized in the supernatural visitant" a man of Macedonia," who came to plead the spiritual wants of his country. It was the voice of the sick inquiring for a physician, — of the ignorant seeking for wisdom, the voice which ever since has been calling on the Church to extend the Gospel to Heathendom," Come over and help us." 5 Virgil has described an evening and a sunrise on this coast, before and after an eventful night. That night was indeed eventful in which St. Paul received his commission to proceed to Macedonia. The commission was promptly executed. The morning-star appeared over the cliffs of Ida. The sun rose and spread the day over the sea and the islands as far as Athos and Samothrace. The men of Troas awoke to their trade and their labor. Among those who were busy about the shipping in the harbor were the newly-arrived Christian travellers, seeking for a passage to Europe, Paul, and Silas, and Timotheus,—and that new companion, "Luke the beloved Physician," who, whether by pre-arrangement, or by a providential meeting, or (it may be) even in consequence of the Apostle's delicate health, now joined the mission, of which he afterwards wrote the history. God provided a ship for the messengers He had chosen and (to use the language of a more sacred poetry than that an equilateral triangle."" Sailing Directory, p. 150. In the same page a sketch is given of Mount Athos, N. by W. W., 45 miles. Compare Mr. Bowen's recent work, p. 26. "At sunset we were half way between Tenedos and the rugged Imbros. In the disk of the setting sun I distinguished the pyramidal form of Mount Athos." 1 See the remarks on St. Peter's vision, p. 87. See also p. 97, n. 2, and p. 183. 2 Acts xvi. 9. 8 St. Paul may have known, by his dress, or by his words, or by an immediate intuition, that he was a man of Macedonia." Grotius suggests the notion of a representative or guardian angel of Macedonia, as the "prince of Persia," &c., in Dan. x. The words "help us," imply that the man who appeared to St. Paul was a representative of many. This is remarked by Baumgarten, whose observations on the significance of this vision are well worth considering. Apostelgesch., ii. p. 199. (Eng. Trans. ii. 110.) 4 En. II. 250. 7 We should notice here not only the change of person from the third to the first, but the simultaneous transition (as it has been well expressed) from the historical to the autoptical style, as shown by the fuller enumeration of details. We shall return to this subject again, when we come to the point where St. Luke parts from St. Paul at Philippi: meantime we may remark that it is highly probable that they had already met and labored together at Antioch. 8 We must remember the recent sickness in Galatia, p. 235. See below, p. 288. 2 which has made these coasts illustrious) 1" He brought the wind out of His treasuries, and by His power He brought in the south wind," and prospered the voyage of His servants. CHAPTER IX. Voyage by Samothrace to Neapolis. — Philippi. Constitution of a Colony.-Lydia. - The The Prison and the Jailer. - The Magistrates. Departure from Philippi. - St. Luke. — Macedonia described. Its Condition as a Province. The Via Egnatia. St. Paul's Journey through Amphipolis and Apollonia. — Thessalonica. - The Synagogue. — Subjects of St. Paul's Preaching.- Persecution, Tumult, and Flight. The Jews at Berca.-St. Paul again persecuted.-Proceeds to Athens. HE weather itself was propitious to the voyage from Asia to Europe. It is evident that Paul and his companions sailed from Troas with a fair wind. On a later occasion we are told that five days were spent on the passage from Philippi to Troas. On the present occasion the same voyage, in the opposite direction, was made in two. If we attend to St. Luke's technical expression, which literally means that they "sailed before the wind," and take into account that the passage to the west, between Tenedos and Lemnos, is attended with some risk, we may infer that the wind blew from the southward.' The southerly winds in this part of the Archipelago do not usually last long, but they often blow with considerable force. Sometimes they are sufficiently strong to counteract the current which sets to the southward from the mouth of the Dardanelles. 1 Compare Acts xvi. 11, 12, with xx. 6. For the expression, "sailed from Philippi" (xx. 6), and the relation of Philippi with its harbor, Neapolis, see below, p. 249, n. 4. 2 It occurs again in Acts xxi. 1, evidently in the same sense. 3 "All ships should pass to the eastward of Tenedos. . . . Ships that go to the westward in calms may drift on the shoals of Lemnos, and the S. E. end of that island being very low is not seen above nine miles off. . . . It is also to be recollected, that very dangerous shoals extend from the N. W. and W. ends of Tenedos."-Purdy's Sailing Directory, pp. 158, 189. Captain Stewart says (p. 63): “ To work up to the Dardanelles, I prefer going inside of Tenedos you can go by your lead, and, during light winds, you may anchor ... However this might be on the day anywhere. If you go outside of Tenedos, and it falls calm, the current sets you towards the shoal off Lemnos." (The writer has heard this and what follows confirmed by those who have had practical experience in the merchantservice in the Levant.) The same inference may be drawn from the fact of their going to Samothrace at all. Had the wind blown from the northward or the eastward, they probably would not have done so. Had it blown from the westward, they could not have made the passage in two days, especially as the currents are contrary. This consistency in minute details shot be carefully noticed, as tending to confire the veracity of the narrative. 5 "The current from the Dardanelles ins to run strongly to the southward at Tenedos, |