5. Consultation and conference travel ($16,000)

The estimate provided for travel of key field officers to regional conferences, consultation trips to Washington, and temporary details of field personnel to other posts. The estimate for the budget year will provide for the same level of travel as in fiscal year 1955.

6. All other USIS program expenses

(a) Budgeted by country ($3,397,746).-The estimate provides funds for carrying out program activities in the USIS country missions, exclusive of personal services costs. These program activities include the following types of expenses:

Radio and television activities: Locally procured radio materials, radio time, artists' and announcers' fees, program schedules, servicing and installation of equipment, including similar costs for television material and equipment where applicable, distribution and shipping of radio equipment and materials within the country, production of radio programs, locally procured television materials and costs for placement of program on local television stations.

Press activities:

(1) Reception, reproduction, and distribution costs of wireless file, features, photographs, cartoons for placement in local publications.

(2) Production and distribution of pamphlets and leaflets.

(3) Production and distribution of posters and photo displays.

(4) Publication of magazines and periodicals.

Motion-picture activities:

(1) Maintenance and operating costs of mobile motion-picture units, including gas, oil, and per diem costs of operators.

(2) Local production of films.

(3) Local film processing costs including print production and adaptation, rental of space for film showings, procurement of parts and tools locally, shipping and distribution costs of films, and maintenance and repair of film equipment.

Information center activities:

(1) Information center operations and cultural activities, including: local purchase and distribution of books, music, newspaper and magazine subscriptions; locally procured supplies and equipment for information centers; operation and maintenance of bookmobiles, locally procured exhibit material and exhibit construction contracts; and rental of lecture halls and fees for lecturers.

(2) Grants of personnel and funds to binational centers.

(3) Assistance to publishers for translation of American books.

(b) Not allocated by country ($50,000) —The estimate for fiscal year 1956 provides for the purchase of miscellaneous items of supply and equipment in the United States, when local purchase is not possible or feasible; plus shipping costs. This estimate will provide for the same level of purchases in the United States as in fiscal year 1955.

59824-55--61

NEAR EAST AND INDIA

Mr. STREIBERT. Now, as to the Near East, the amount there is $447,000 which we are seeking to have restored for the full request. Here our difference between the House allowance and our request is accounted for by South Asian countries, including Ceylon and into the Middle East and Egypt. I do not wish to dwell in this area. unless it is necessary, on specific country programs. If I do, it will have to be in executive session, because there is some sensitivity in some areas to information activities as to any increases and we, in planning our program, have definitely in mind working with the blessing or consent of the government involved, and in some areas we do not want to tip our hand in advance of negotiating and starting our whole program.

Senator KILGORE. I noticed that the biggest restoration, $157,752, refers to India.

Mr. STREIBERT. That is the country I would rather not discuss. I think the importance of India to the West is obvious, and well understood.

Now, Pakistan is another country.

PAKISTAN PROGRAM

Senator KILGORE. You have Pakistan, where the amount requested restored is $66,503.

Mr. STREIBERT. There the Government is very anxious for us to help them with their program directed toward anticommunism and toward democratic processes as well as industrialization or at least raising of the living standards. Our assistant area director, Mr. Damon, has just returned from there; in fact, from having worked directly with the Pakistan Government officials in getting the program started there. It is a very effective program in that we use Government resources and the Government supports it for the same objectives that we are interested in.

He could speak to that if it is desired, but those areas in South Asia and Middle East are important from the two sides of alining them with the West and overcoming the Communist efforts. That makes a total for the four areas of $2,250,000.

Let me point out that this amount plus almost a million dollars for radio and plus the $34 million for the media constitutes a total of $7 million out of the $8 million that we are requesting.

In other words, the bulk of this money, seven-eighths of it is for direct expenses in the missions overseas and in the media materials used overseas, with the exception of the radio, of course, which does emanate from here but which is directed at the overseas audience.

If you will permit me to proceed to radio, the Voice of America is seeking additional funds.

Senator KILGORE. Wait a second. Does Senator Ellender have any questions?

Senator ELLENDER. I desire to ask a few questions in respect to some of the countries.

Senator KILGORE. We have just finished the overseas operation.

PRESS OPERATIONS IN SPAIN

Senator ELLENDER. Mr. Streibert, I furnished you with a résumé of my criticism in each country in my recent trip. I visited, as I recall, 37 countries. Take as an instance, Spain. I stated there that I felt the agency was overstaffed at the time. There were 79 positions authorized. Since the Spanish press there is censored heavily and necessarily, you cannot get into the press what you want.

I am just wondering as to the necessity for any people representing the press at all, and that same question applies to all countries where the press is highly censored by the government.

Mr. STREIBERT. The censorship extends primarily to military information, where it is censored. It is not censored against world news, and we do, in Spain and in all countries, get news of the United States Government foreign policies, actions of the Congress bearing on foreign affairs, actions and statements of the administration very widely disseminated.

Senator ELLENDER. You have press services in Spain that obtain the same kind of news other than military that we ourselves would furnish except, of course, special programs that may emanate from the State Department. Am I not correct in that?

Mr. STREIBERT. I would say that the press services of the United States service a very small minority of the number of newspapers published in Spain, whereas we service them all.

I have not made a special study of newspapers in Spain, but we touched this morning, sir, on that question of the service of the commercial press services as against our service, and basically the point made was that the commercial services are trying to serve clients with what they want, the kind of news they want.

That is what they are paid for and that is the way they seek more customers.

Senator ELLENDER. Do we not do the same thing when we present ours? They take what they want?

PURPOSE OF PRESS SERVICE

Mr. STREIBERT. The purpose of our press service is to promulgate news which we are interested in having out whether the newspaper locally is inclined to seek it or not, and it is the job of our people to get that kind of news published in the papers.

Senator ELLENDER. But you do not do it in many instances?

Mr. STREIBERT. I beg to differ, sir. We do get a good deal of space. Senator ELLENDER. You get a good deal, but percentagewise, how much do you think you are getting in the press in Spain? Do you know?

Mr. STREIBERT. Percentagewise, as against what?

Senator ELLENDER. What you offer.

Mr. STREIBERT. Oh, I thought we were comparing it with the other United States press services.

We get much more than the press services would get of United States, foreign policy news, but we do not make that compilation. I tell you that there are many areas of the world where the only foreign news that papers print comes from us. There are a number of coastal papers in Turkey, for example, which have no other source of foreign

news. Syria was being served by TASS entirely as to world news until we came in.

About 80 percent of the world news printed in papers in Syria came from TASS until 2 years ago, and then we came along with our service and we now supply about 80 percent of the world news they print.

Senator ELLENDER. Do you know why that is? Is it not profitable for the other services to furnish news there, such as the INS? Mr. STREIBERT. No, they do not do it.

Senator ELLENDER. Why?

You

Mr. STREIBERT. Because they are unable to get customers. see, there are other press services in the world. We are inclined to think here that UP and AP and INS are the only press services, but Reuters and French Press Service as well as others serve widely around the world, and there are many more of the papers served in the free world by other services than by ours. We spoke this morning of India, for example.

REUTER'S NEWS SERVICE IN INDIA

As you know, in India, most of their foreign news is Reuter's in most of their papers.

Senator ELLENDER. Reuter's is English?

Mr. STREIBERT. It sure is.

Senator ELLENDER. They are our allies?

Mr. STREIBERT. That is right.

Senator ELLENDER. Why should they say anything wrong about us to be printed in the papers?

Mr. STREIBERT. I do not know.

Senator ELLENDER. But you know they do sometimes?

Mr. STREIBERT. No, sir; I just do not know how much space they give to Secretary Dulles' statements. I do not know how much they give today of what is going on in Paris to India, but I know what we give, because we have people over there giving us the full account, and we are sending it today to India to compete against whatever they are sending, and we are sending what serves our purpose best and still remains factual news.

Senator ELLENDER. I also stated in my report that we are providing funds for the maintenance of five libraries in Spain. Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, sir.

OPERATION OF OVERSEAS LIBRARIES

Senator ELLENDER. Do you propose to obtain funds to maintain those five libraries?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes.

Senator ELLENDER. Why could not the same thing be accomplished by furnishing the books to the Spanish libraries out there or get them to at least cooperate with us to the extent of furnishing quarters or assisting in maintaining these libraries? Why should we carry the whole load?

Mr. STREIBERT. That is not only true in Spain. I would assume you would feel similarly as to countries in the free world generally.

Senator ELLENDER. I would certainly feel the same with respect to London. London has the finest libraries in the world and why we