to the Puerto Rican players who are Americans and can spread the gospel.

Mr. STREIBERT. You are speaking of Pancho Segura?

Senator MANSFIELD. Yes; people like him. I think he is an Ecuadoran by birth. Puerto Ricans could go down as Americans. Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, surely.

Senator MANSFIELD. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. STREIBERT. I would like to correct in the record something that was not clear when I was speaking with Senator Ellender yesterday afternoon on the question of a cost of $20,000 per reel for translations and prints and it was confusing because I really meant to say that it cost $20,000 to distribute and to put into the various languages a 1-reel picture. The "per reel" was an incorrect way to express that, and it should have been said that it is $20,000 for a complete distribution in most of the languages we use for all prints of a 1-reel subject or it would be twice that for a 2-reel picture. It was in that sense that I correct the record.

Now, sir, if you wish I would like to go on to this Information Center Service.

RADIO BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION PROGRAM

Senator KILGORE. I wanted to ask a question or two on Voice of America unless you are going to take that up later.

I notice here in the table that, for instance, in France we have a 15-minute broadcast daily.

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, sir.

Senator KILGORE. That reaches over there from 6:45 to 7 o'clock. Mr. STREIBERT. That is right.

Senator KILGORE. Is that the only thing we do there, that one 15-minute broadcast?

Mr. STREIBERT. We did have a half hour. We do the other 15 minutes locally, I believe. This is on the French network.

Senator KILGORE. In Spain you have 30 minutes, 9:30 to 10 o'clock. Mr. STREIBERT. I think that is locally produced, sir.

Senator KILGORE. That is rebroadcast from Tangier and Munich, is it?

Mr. STREIBERT. In Spanish, I do not believe so.

Senator KILGORE. I mean the Spanish program is again rebroadcast from the Munich and Tangier stations; is that right?

Mr. STREIBERT. I do not know to what you refer. We would not be broadcasting in Spanish from Munich.

Senator KILGORE. I mean it is probably picked up in Munich and rebroadcast.

Mr. STREIBERT. Not if it is in the Spanish language; no, sir.

Senator KILGORE. Now, in the Arabic countries, it is 8:30 to 9:30. Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, sir.

Senator KILGORE. Under transmission facilities United States courier Munich and Tangier.

Mr. STREIBERT. That is relayed from here.

Senator KILGORE. Are they rather odd hours? I realize that the Spanish hour is not odd, because they do not start dinner until 8:30 or 9 there.

Mr. STREIBERT. Or later.

EFFECTIVENESS OF VOA BROADCASTS

Senator KILGORE. Have you recently evaluated the effectiveness of the Voice of America broadcasts to the free world? I am not speaking of the broadcasts behind the Iron Curtain, but I have in mind local letters and things of that kind.

Mr. STREIBERT. We had a rather exhaustive survey of all the free world broadcasting made last summer by a Professor Schramm, who reported it to the OCB. It was not done by us, although we participated in it. The times, of course, are a matter of constant concern and normal operation. The Arabic, to which you referred, is 2 hours in length. That is p. m.

Senator KILGORE. Yes.

Mr. STREIBERT. The reason that we have 2 hours is that there is a lot of listening through the whole Arabic area in coffee houses and you have to give a complete program in order to have them tune in. Once they tune in, they let the radio ride. They do not change it from time to time.

Our effort is to give a big block of time for kinds of programs that will be attractive, so that they will keep tuned in. That is why it is a 2-hour stretch all in 1 block in midevening. That is the best time.

I personally have questioned 1 or 2 programs and have had very satisfactory answers.

They had one called the Silver Screen, having to do with movie gossip. I said, "How can you relate the movie gossip from New York to the movies that they have seen in these Arabic countries?"

They convinced me that there was a lot of interest and that they were interested in movies, and that we were giving them the kind of movie program that the listeners like.

We do have a certain amount of information, more in some areas than others, and this report showed that we needed more information to evaluate these programs in certain areas. For example, in the South Asia area, particularly India, I do not think we know enough about the listening and evaluation but every time we think of cutting something out, our mission says, "Don't do that. We need this." They cannot furnish positive proof, but at least their opinion is that they do not want it discontinued.

We intend to reevaluate these places where it was found last summer that we did not have sufficient data and to come up with more information and more data and more proof before December 31, 1955.

Senator KILGORE. Have you ever thought of this one fact: You know we claim we are a melting pot and we have outstanding people of practically all the free world in this country. Have you thought of sandwiching in some of those people who have relatives in the countries into our missions, whether or not that might not have a good effect to exhibit to them that a man has come to the United States and is a successful man?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, that could be. Senator KILGORE. Take your Indian matters. We have a lot of these exchange students coming in here. Possibly we could utilize one of those some place in India, who knows the customs and who has his relatives there. He might be able to afford us some excellent contacts. Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, sir.

CORRECTION OF TESTIMONY

I would like to correct my testimony on the Spanish broadcast. We do broadcast in the Spanish language from the United States a half hour a day and it is relayed out by Tangier.

Senator KILGORE. Have you any questions, Senator Saltonstall? Senator SALTONSTALL. No questions.

INFORMATION CENTER SERVICE

JUSTIFICATIONS AND SUMMARY TABLES

Senator KILGORE. The Information Center Service has a request of $4,804,000. The justifications and summary tables will be placed in the record at this point.

(The information referred to follows:)

The Information Center Service supports the United States Information Service country programs throughout the world in the operation of information centers, binational centers and related programs by furnishing books, other printed materials and exhibits. Professional and technical guidance on all phases of center activities are provided. Support is also given to programs for promotion of inglish teaching; for the translation and publication abroad of selected American books for disse rination through regular trade channels; for the presentation of selected American periodicals, newspapers, and books to influential leaders of public opinion in foreign countries; for a visual presentation of all aspects of American life and culture, which serve to advance United States objectives; and for the stimulation and promotion of greater commercial sale and distribution abroad of United States publications and other informational media by private industry.

The information center programs in the USIS missions are fundamental to projecting among the free peoples overseas a broad and deep understanding of the moral, spiritual, and cultural values of the United States and of its policies and achievements. If United States leadership is to be maintained on behalf of the peace and progress of the free world, the nature of the United States basic policies, their background, roots, and motivations must be projected forcefully to other peoples. The medium of books and related materials is almost uniquely adaptable to this continuing task. Reflections of current policies and aims which can be disser inated through other media can be made especially meaningful and lasting through the broad perspective available in book programs.

In the current struggle between the forces of Soviet imperialism and the ideals and aspirations of the free world, it is equally important to United States objectives to make clear all aspects of communism's challenge. The information centers are able to draw upon and make available overseas large reservoirs of material generated through private publishing sources which make clear the nature of Communist policies presently threatening the free world. Only through cooperation and mutual understanding among the nations threatened by communism can be principles in which we believe and the objectives for which we strive be successful. This understanding and cooperation can be powerfully advanced by the combination of media, based principally on the printed word, available in the information centers of USIS.

The material which follows details the estimates for the Information Center Service and explains proposed changes from fiscal year 1955 to fiscal year 1956.

1. Personal services ($996,399). This amount will provide 201 positions for the domestic servicing of the overseas program of information and binational centers and related activities. The 1956 estimates provide for a net increase of 11 positions at a net cost of $121,399 as follows: 31 new positions offset by a decrease of 20 (2 Americans and 18 locals) positions which were abolished during

1955 when the European Service Center was eliminated. These new positions are needed to support the program porposed for the USIS missions overseas during fiscal year 1956.

2. Travel ($28,000). The estimate will provide 77 domestic trips, principally to New York Service Section of Information Center Service, and for necessary consultations with authors, agents, publishers, and representatives of the publishing industry regarding proposed projects of the Information Center Service; meetings of members of the Committee on Books Abroad of the United States Advisory Commission on Information; and 12 overseas trips for guidance and assistance to field personnel in carrying out the overseas programs serviced by the Information Center Service. No increase in travel is requested for 1956.

B. Program materials for USIS missions not allocable to area or country

1. Support to information centers (Union Catalog, $25,000). The estimate for the Union Catalog provides for the continuation of simplified centralized records covering all books purchased by the Information Center Service for use in the United States information centers. It also provides for a central record of holdings regardless of how acquired, based on reports and quarterly amendments to this record, and reflects the books purchased for the centers so that determination as to whether a bock has been purchased will be readily available. No increase is requested for fiscal year 1956.

2. Support to the overseas translation program ($71,000).-The estimate provides for publication rights, book reviews and condensations, illustrations, examination copies, paper, and the preparation of book packets for the use of mission staffs. The increase of $6,000 is related to the increase in the overseas translation program, 3. Support to the overseas presentation program ($50,000).-The estimate will provide funds to enable the United States Book Exchange and the Library of Congress to screen, store, and ship to foreign institutions books and publications donated to the Agency by American individuals and organizations. No increase in funds is requested for 1956.

4. Packing and shipping ($138,601).-The estimate provides for packing and shipment overseas of books, supplies, equipment, and other program materials. The increase of $21,601 for this item in 1956 is related to the increased quantities of materials planned for the budget year.

C. Program materials for direct use of USIS missions