Solving Corrosion Problems of Bridge Surfaces Could Save Billions: Report to the Congress

additional APPENDIX applications Assistant Secretary begin bridge deck deterioration bridge deck problem cause CHAPTER chloride COMMENTS complete replacement concrete condition construction contaminated continue controlling copies corrosion cost cost-effective deterioration problem determine dollars effective efforts eral estimates evaluation Evaluation Program eventually example existing bridge decks expected expensive extent Federal Highway Administration Federal Highway Administration's Federal-aid system bridge field fiscal formal funds further heavily contaminated Highway Administration officials identify improve indicated installed lack later less limiting long-term data collection magnitude major measure membrane methods Michigan moderate modified moisture necessary needed overlay oxygen performance data portation potential premature prevent procedure progress protecting existing protective systems questionnaire rate of corrosion ratio recommends reinforcing steel removal repair Requests require restored result reviewed salt Secretary short-term situation solutions stopping studies surfaces techniques technologies tective systems tion Trans Transportation various Washington