MOORE, C. U.-Nutrition of Mother | INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND

and Child. Lippincott.
PARSONS, T. R.-Fundamentals of
Biochemistry in Relation to Hu-
man Physiology. 2d ed., Heffers.
PEABODY, J. E., and HUNT, A. E.-
Biology and Human Welfare. Mac-
millan.

PHILIP, J. C.-Physical Chemistry;
Its Bearing on Biology and Medi-
cine. 3d ed., Arnold.
RECTOR, T. M.-Scientific Preserva-
tion of Food. Wiley.
RICHMOND, H. D.-The Laboratory
Book of Dairy Analysis. 3d ed.,
Griffin.

ROCKWOOD, E. W., and ROCKWOOD,
P. R.-A Laboratory Manual of
Physiological Chemistry. 5th ed.,
Davis.

STILES, P. G.-Nutritional Physiol-
ogy. Saunders.

WELLS, H. G.-The Chemical Aspects of Immunity. Chem. Cat. Co.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

AITCHISON, L., and BARCLAY, W. R.-
Engineering Non-Ferrous Metals
and Alloys. Oxford.
ALLEN, A. H.-Commercial Organic
Analysis. 3 vols., Blakiston.
ALLEN, P. W.-Industrial Fermenta-
tions. Chem. Cat. Co.

ALLEN, R.-Bismuth Ores. Murray.
ANDERSON, R. J.-Metallurgy of Alu-
minium and Aluminium Alloys.

Van Nostrand.

ANDES, L. E., and STOCKS, H. B.-
Vegetable Fats and Oils. 4th ed.,
Scott, Greenwood.

BADGER, W. L.-Heat Transfer and
Evaporation. Chem. Cat. Co.
BEDFORD, C. W., and WINKELMANN,
H. A.-Systematic Survey of Rub-
ber Chemistry. Chem. Cat. Co.
BENNETT, H. G.-The Manufacture of

Leather. Van Nostrand.
BLAKE, E. G.-The Seasoning and
Preservation of Timber. Van Nos-
trand.

BOYD, T. A.-Gasoline-What Every-
one Should Know About It. Stokes.

BURRELL, G. A.-The Recovery of
Gasoline from Natural Gas. Chem.
Cat. Co.

CARPENTER, L.-Mechanical Mixing
Machinery. Benn.

NAMARI, I.-The Electrolytic Separation of Magnesium from Magnesia. COFFIGNIER, C.-Colors and Var

nishes. Scott, Greenwood.

Namari. RIMBOLD, W. G.-Bauxite and Alu-DANIELS, G. W.-Refrigeration in the

minium. Murray.

THOMPSON, M. DE K.-Theoretical and
Applied Electro-chemistry.
ed., Macmillan.

Rev.

THOM, C., and HUNTER, A. C.-Hy-
gienic Fundamentals of Food Hand-
ling. Williams & Wilkins.
VALLERY-RADOT, R., and DEVONSHIRE,
R. L.-The Life of Pasteur. Double-
day, Page.
WILLIAMS, G. B.-Sewage Disposal in
India and the East. Thacker.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

Chemical Industry. Rayment.
DAVIS, A. C.-A Hundred Years of
Portland Cement. Concrete.
DIXON, W. H.-The Match Industry.
Pitman.

DULY, S. J.-Timber and Timber
Products, Including Paper-Making
Materials. Van Nostrand.
ELLIOTT, C.-Distillation Principles.
Benn.

FARNHAM, D. T., et al.-Profitable

Science in Industry. Macmillan. FIELD, S., and BONNEY, S. R.--Chem ical Coloring of Metals. Chapman. FISCHER, F., and LESSING, R.-The Conversion of Coal into Oils. Benn.

DOWLING, R. N.-Sugar Beet from GARDNER, H. A.-Physical and Chem

Field to Factory. Benn.
LAMBERT, T.-Bone Products and Ma-
nures. 3d ed., Scott, Greenwood.
WHITNEY, M.-Soil and Civilization.

Van Nostrand.

ical Examination of Paints, Var nishes and Colors. 2d ed., Inst.

Paint and Var. Res.

GIBBS, W. E.-The Dust Hazard in
Industry. Benn.

2d ed., Griffin.

GILLETT, H. W., and MACK, E. L.-| SEARLE, A. B.-Refractory Materials.
Molybdenum, Cerium and Related
Alloy Steels. Chem. Cat. Co.
GOODWIN, H.-Autoclaves and High
Pressure Work. Benn.

LADOO, R. B.-Non-Metallic Minerals.
McGraw-Hill.
LEICESTER, S.-Practical Studies for
Paper Manufacturers, and All En-
gaged in the Industry. Griffin.
LISTER, J. E., and HARRIS, C. H.-
The Theory and Practice of Com-
bustion. Benn.

MACLAREN, W. A.-Rubber, Tea,
Cacao; with Special Sections on
Coffee, Spices and Tobacco. Van
Nostrand.

MARTIN, G.-The Modern Soap and
Detergent Industry. 3 vols., Cros-
by, Lockwood.

MCKEE, Ralph H., et al.-Shale Oil.
Chem. Cat. Co.

MILES, F. D.-Manufacture of Sul-
furic Acid (Contact Process). Vol.
A of Lunge's and Cumming's Manu-
facture of Acids and Alkalies. Van
Nostrand.

NORTH, S. H., and GARBE, J. B.-Low
Temperature Distillation, Home
Supply and Utilization of "Waste"
Coal. Pitman.
O'BRIEN, W. B.-Factory Practice in
Manufacture of Azo Dyes. Chem.
Pub. Co.

POLLITT, A. A.-The Technology of
Water. Benn.
PUTNAM, P. C.-A Chart Showing
Chemical Relationships in the Min-
eral Kingdom. Wiley.
RHEAD, E. L.-Metallurgy. Rev. ed.,
Longmans.

SADTLER, S. P., and MATOS, L. J.-
Industrial Organic Chemistry. 5th
ed., Lippincott.

SEYMOUR, H.-Agitating, Stirring and
Kneading Machinery. Benn.
SHURICK, A. T.-The Coal Industry.
Harrap.
Water.

SIMPKIN, N.-Boiler-Feed
Witherby.

SNOW, E. C.-Leather, Hides, Skins
and Tanning Materials. Van Nost-
rand.

SPIELMANN, P. E.-Bituminous Sub-
stances. Benn.

TAMANN, G., DEAN, R. S., and SWEN-
SON, L. G.-Textbook of Metallog-
raphy: Chemistry and Physics of
Metals and Their Alloys. Chem.

Cat. Co.

WEST, C. J., and BEROLZHEIMER, D. D.-Bibliography of bibliographies on Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Nat. Res. Council.

PHYSICS

ADLAM, G. H. C., and LATTER, O. H.-
A Textbook of General Science.
Murray.
BENEDICKS,
Churchill.

C.-Space and Time.

BOND, W. N.-An Introduction to
Fluid Motion. Arnold.

BORN, M. and BROSE, H. L.-Ein-
stein's Theory of Relativity. 3d ed.,
Wiley.

BRAGG, W.-Concerning the Nature of
Things. Van Nostrand.

CAMPBELL, L. L.-Galvanomagnetic
and Thermomagnetic Effects. Long-

mans.

ELLIS, C., and WELLS, A. A.-Chemi-
cal Action of Ultraviolet Rays.
Chem. Cat. Co.

FERRY, E. S.-General Physics and Its
Applications to Industry. 2d ed.,
Van Nostrand.

GOUGH, H. J.-The Fatigue of Metals.
Scott, Greenwood.

HAAS, A.-Introduction to Theoreti-
cal Physics. Constable.
HAMMOND, J. W.--Charles Proteus
Steinmetz. Century.

HARRIS, F. S., and BUTT, N. I.-Scien-
tific Research and Human Welfare.
Macmillan.

LUCKIESCH, M.-Foundations of the
Universe. Van Nostrand.

MARTIN, L. C., and GAMBLE, W.

Color and Methods of Color Repro-
duction. Blackie.
NEWMAN, F. H.-The Production and
Measurement of Low Pressures.
Benn.

PANNELL, J. R.-Measurement of
Fluid Velocity and Pressure. Arn-
old.

liam Strutt, Third Baron Raleigh. Arnold.

WHETHAM, W. C. D.-Recent Devel opment of Physical Science. Blakiston.

ATOMIC THEORY

RINNE, F., and STILES, Walter S.-ANDRADE, E. N. da C.-The Structure
Crystals and the Fine Structure of
Matter. Dutton.
SLOSSON, E. E.-Keeping Up with Sci-
ence. Harcourt.
SOUTHERNS, L.-Electricity and the
Structure of Matter. Milford.
STRUTT, R. J.-The Life of John Wil-

of the Atom. Bell. ASTON, F. W.-Isotopes. Arnold. BOHR, N.-The Theory of Spectra and Atomic Constitution. 2d ed., Cambridge. CRANSTON, J. A.-The Structure of Matter. Chapman.

DIVISION XXXII

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

ORGANIC EVOLUTION

BY H. S. JENNINGS

PROFESSOR AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

The present time sees in progress 1. Divisions.-Sometimes the chro a notable advance in the understand-mosomes divide and thus double, withing of the nature and origin of mu-out cell division. This may happen tations and "what are called spe- in the fertilized egg, so that it now cies" and through this, possibly, of contains four sets in place of two. some of the major factors in evolu- Thereafter cell divisions coincide with tion. The nature of this advance may chromosomal divisions, so that an unbe set forth as follows. dividual is produced with four sets Evolution and Chromosomal of chromosomes in its cells. Such Changes. The way in which an or- individuals are larger, with larger ganism develops and the characteris- cells and organs, and may differ in tics it produces are known to depend, structure from the parent stock, with in large measure, on the stock of sub- but two sets. They now propagate stances present in its chromosomes; themselves in the usual way, so that these, by interaction with each other a mutation or new race is produced. and with other things, produce the One of the well known mutations of developed organism. Altering any of Oenothera is of this nature, and these substances alters the character-races with four sets of chromosomes istics produced. Any such alteration are known for several organisms. that is handed on to new generations 2. Three Sets.-These individuals results in new inherited character- with four sets produce germ cells istics, in a "mutation," a new "ele- with two sets; such a germ cell may mentary species." Evolutionary unite with one containing but a sinchange lies essentially in the perma-gle set, thus producing an individual nent alteration of the chromosomal with three sets. These differ both substances.

Certain methods by which these substances are altered are coming to light. An individual at the beginning is formed by the union of two germ cells, and each of the two germ cells contains a single "set" of chromosomes-of definite constitution and number. The individual so produced thus contains two such sets; its chromosomes are in pairs. In development all the chromosomes divide at each cell division, so that all the cells of the typical individual contain the two sets. Alternations of the chromosomal outfit are found to occur as follows:

from those with two sets and those with four sets. The odd number of sets of chromosomes causes disturbances in the usual method of reproduction by union of two germ cells, but, such individuals with three sets at times reproduce from a single germ cell, yielding thus a permanently diverse race.

3. Classes.-Irregularities in germ cells in races with three sets of chromosomes give rise to numerous different classes of germ cells, with diverse combinations of chromosomes. Some of these on union with other germ cells can develop; they thus give rise to hereditarily diverse races.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

AITCHISON, L., and BARCLAY, W. R.

MOORE, C. U.-Nutrition of Mother | INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND
and Child. Lippincott.
PARSONS, T. R.-Fundamentals of
Biochemistry in Relation to Hu-
man Physiology. 2d ed., Heffers.
PEABODY, J. E., and HUNT, A. E.-
Biology and Human Welfare. Mac-
millan.

PHILIP, J. C.-Physical Chemistry;
Its Bearing on Biology and Medi-
cine. 3d ed., Arnold.
RECTOR, T. M.-Scientific Preserva-
tion of Food. Wiley.
RICHMOND, H. D.-The Laboratory
Book of Dairy Analysis. 3d ed.,
Griffin.

ROCKWOOD, E. W., and ROCKWOOD,
P. R.-A Laboratory Manual of
Physiological Chemistry. 5th ed.,
Davis.

STILES, P. G.-Nutritional Physiol-
ogy. Saunders.
WELLS, H. G.—The Chemical Aspects
of Immunity. Chem. Cat. Co.

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY
BABBITT, H. E.-Sewerage and Sew-
age Treatment. 2d ed., Wiley.
DUKENS,
C.-The Bacteriology of

Food. Lewis.
HOLMES, S. J.-Louis Pasteur. Van
Nostrand.

NAMARI, I.-The Electrolytic Separa-
tion of Magnesium from Magnesia.
Namari.

RUMBOLD, W. G.-Bauxite and Alu-
minium. Murray.
THOMPSON, M. DE K.-Theoretical and
Applied Electro-chemistry.
ed., Macmillan.

Rev.

THOM, C., and HUNTER, A. C.-Hygienic Fundamentals of Food Handling. Williams & Wilkins. VALLERY-RADOT, R., and DEVONSHIRE, R. L.-The Life of Pasteur. Doubleday, Page. WILLIAMS, G. B.-Sewage Disposal in India and the East. Thacker.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY
DOWLING, R. N.-Sugar Beet from
Field to Factory. Benn.
LAMBERT, T.-Bone Products and Ma-
nures. 3d ed., Scott, Greenwood.
WHITNEY, M.-Soil and Civilization.
Van Nostrand.

Engineering Non-Ferrous Metals
ALLEN, A. H.-Commercial Organic
and Alloys. Oxford.
ALLEN, P. W.-Industrial Fermenta-
Analysis. 3 vols., Blakiston.

tions. Chem. Cat. Co.

ANDERSON, R. J.-Metallurgy of Alu-
ALLEN, R.-Bismuth Ores. Murray.

minium and Aluminium Alloys.
ANDES, L. E., and STOCKS, H. B.-
Van Nostrand.
Vegetable Fats and Oils. 4th ed.,
BADGER, W. L.-Heat Transfer and
Scott, Greenwood.
Evaporation. Chem. Cat. Co.
BEDFORD, C. W., and WINKELMANN,
H. A.-Systematic Survey of Rub-
BENNETT, H. G.-The Manufacture of
ber Chemistry. Chem. Cat, Co.

Leather. Van Nostrand.
BLAKE, E. G.-The Seasoning and
Preservation of Timber. Van Nos-
trand.

BOYD, T. A.-Gasoline-What Every
one Should Know About It. Stokes.

BURRELL, G. A.-The Recovery of
Gasoline from Natural Gas. Chem.
Cat. Co.

CARPENTER, L.-Mechanical Mixing
Machinery. Benn.
COFFIGNIER,

C.-Colors and Var
DANIELS, G. W.-Refrigeration in the
nishes. Scott, Greenwood.
DAVIS, A. C.-A Hundred Years of
Chemical Industry. Rayment.
Portland Cement, Concrete.
DIXON, W. H.-The Match Industry.
Pitman.

DULY, S. J.-Timber and Timber
Products, Including Paper-Making
Materials. Van Nostrand.
ELLIOTT, C.-Distillation Principles.
Benn.

FARNHAM, D. T., et al.-Profitable

Science in Industry. Macmillan. FIELD, S., and BONNEY, S. R.--Chem

ical Coloring of Metals. Chapman.
FISCHER, F., and LESSING, R.-The
GARDNER, H. A.-Physical and Chem-
Conversion of Coal into Oils. Benn.
ical Examination of Paints, Var
nishes and Colors.
2d ed., Inst.
Paint and Var. Res.

GIBBS, W. E.-The Dust Hazard in
Industry. Benn.