cent., to general education subjects, schools, as an integral part of the deemed necessary to round out the regular high school organization. curriculum. All-day schools are op- While certain adjustments are neceserated for the same period of time as the regular schools in a given city, usually for nine months or more each year. Their courses are arranged to offer instruction for from 25 to 30 clock hours per week, depending upon the size of the city. Separate Vocational Schools.-Certain States and cities maintain entirely separate all-day schools, having no connection with the regular high school program. In some instances such separate schools have an independent levying power for their funds, and are administered by a separate board or committee, distinct from the school board or committee. sary, and misunderstandings occa- The vocational courses appeal to which is not interested in entering that class of high school students college but wishes to prepare to enter the practice of an occupation upon the completion of the high school course. The justification for these separate schools has been to avoid the friction Special Schools.—Many private emand handicaps which are more or ployers, firms, and associations carry less inevitable in fitting such an or- on vocational training for their em ganization into a regular school sys-ployees, by means of correspondence tem primarily designed for the general, cultural education of its pupils. Vocational Departments in High Schools. The majority of the all-day schools or classes throughout the country are administered as separate departments in the regular high courses, evening classes, part-time classes, and short intensive full-time courses, conducted by their own training departments, or they negotiate with some outside training agency to come in and give their employees the training. STATISTICS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TABLE 1.-Federal vocational education funds, by years 1 Including home economics and part-time general continuation education. Under the law not more than 20 per cent. of the Federal grant provided for "trade, home economics, and industrial education" may be expended for reimbursements on account of home economics education. For years subsequent to 1930, allotments based upon "the last preceding census" will be slightly different from those shown in this line, but will not vary from the figures given by more than a few thousands of dollars. TABLE 2.--Enrollment in federally aided schools (exclusive of teachertraining institutions), years ending June 30, 1918 to 1925 1 Agricultural schools were not classified as evening, part-time, and all-day schools in 1918, 1919, and 1920. 2 Included in trade extension. SELECT REFERENCES ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION BY R. O. SMALL DIRECTOR, STATE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, BOSTON ALLEN, Charles R.-The Foreman and BAKER, Ray S.-The New Industrial CHARTERS, W. W.-Curriculum Con struction. N. Y., Macmillan, 1923. Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education.-Vocational Education. Report of the Commission, Vol. 1, 63 Cong. House Doc., No. 1004, Wash., Govt. Printing Office, 1914. DOUGLAS, Paul H.-American Apprenticeship and Industrial Education. N. Y., Longmans, Green, 1921. Federal Board for Vocational Education.-Yearbook. Wash., 1925. Federal Board for Vocational Education. More than 100 bulletins. Most of them on sale by the Superintendent of Public Documents. A complete list of publications available on application to the Federal Board for Vocational Education, Washing- | PAYNE, Arthur F.-Administration of ton D. C. Note especially: No. 1.-Statement of Policies. Rev., 1922. No. 13.-Agricultural Education-Organization and Administration. Rev., 1925. No. 17.-Trade and Industrial Education-Organization and Administration. Rev., 1924. Vocational Education. N. Y., Mc- Organization of Vocational Guidance. N. Y., McGraw-Hill, 1925. PROSSER, C. A., and ALLEN, C. R.Vocational Education in a Democ racy. N. Y., Century, 1925. SCHMIDT, Gustavus A.-New Methods in Teaching Vocational Agriculture. N. Y., Century, 1924. Vo-State Boards for Vocational Education. Lists of publications can be secured by addressing each State board. Some of the more important bulletins which are at present available are No. 22.-Retail Selling. No. 73.-Part-time Schools. A Survey School. No. 99.-Directory of Trade Schools. GOWIN, Enoch B., and others.-Occupations. Boston, Ginn, 1923. HILL, David S.-Introduction to Vocational Education. N. Y., Macmillan, 1923. KELLER, Franklin J.-Day Schools for N. Y., Century, Young Workers. 1924. MUNROE, James P.-The Human Factor in Education. N. Y., Macmillan, 1920. National Education Association.Proceedings. Wash., 1907 to date. National Society for Vocational Education. Proceedings and Bulletins. Harrisburg, 1907 to date. Apprenticeship for Plumbing in Wisconsin. Wis., 1919. Course of Study Monograph No. 8, State-Aided Vocational Education in Part-time Schools. New York, 1920. on 1920. Vocational Service for Juniors, comp. -Opportunities for Vocational Training in New York City. N. Y., The Service, 1925. WRIGHT, J. C., and ALLEN, C. R.Supervision of Vocational Educa tion. John Wiley & Sons, N. Y., 1926. CHRONOLOGY FOR 1925. JANUARY Gov. Smith, in opening the New York legislature, asks non-partisan consideration of 1.-Postmaster General New announces de-State problems, continuance of the 25 per partmental dismissals, suspensions, and resig- cent. income tax reduction, and increased nations owing to propaganda for wage application of water power to public utilities, increase of workers. Paol Loebe, a Socialist, is elected President of the German Reichstag, disrupting Nationalist plans. 2.-Senate committee presents Agricultural appropriation bill--$124,788,478, being $125,000 over the House total-and the Interior bill-$238,991,403, being $1,140,477 over the House total. Attorney General Stone removes Assistant United States Attorney Walter D. Van Riper from office in New Jersey. With the return of the "exiled" Republican Senators in Rhode Island the General Assembly ends the longest session ever held in the United States-one year. Two hundred eighty-seven persons are saved from the Clyde liner Mohawk, burned at sea and scuttled in Delaware Bay. Fascista Government in Italy begins its suppression of Communist journals, seizing offices in Rome, Naples, Genoa, and Turin. Spain completes evacuation of 4,000 sq. miles of territory in Morocco and reduces effectives from 150,000 to 100,000. 3.-New York stock market breaks all trading records for 18 years with half-day transactions in 1,474,750 shares. In Italian Chamber Premier Mussolini declares that he will crush all anti-Fascismo opposition within 48 hours. 5.-Four Governors are inaugurated--Mrs. Nellie T. Ross, the first woman governor in American history, at Cheyenne, Wyo., George H. Dern of Utah, Arthur G. Sorlie of North Dakota, and George W. P. Hunt of Arizona. Harlan F. Stone is nominated Supreme Court Justice by President Coolidge in succession to Associate Justice Joseph McKenna, who resigns after 27 years of service. In Italy former Premiers Giolitti, Orlando, and Salandra attempt to maintain an "official" Opposition in the Chamber and force two Liberal Ministers to resign from the Fascista Government. 6. The Senate supports the President's veto of the Postal Salary Increase bill-55 to 29-the Republican vote of 28 with the vote of Senator Dial (Dem., S. C.) preventing the two-thirds vote necessary to override the veto. President Coolidge decides not to call a conference of Governors for the purpose of furthering the Child Labor Amendment to the Constitution. Germany protests to the Allies that the failure of the British to evacuate the Cologne bridgehead is a breach of the Versailles Treaty. In Albania Ahmed Zogu Bey succeeds Bishop Noli as Premier. 8.-President Coolidge is announced by Secretary Wilbur to be opposed to gun elevation, although contrary to expert opinion, which is that it would be no violation of the naval disarmament treaty. John H. Trumbull succeeds Hiram Bingham as Governor of Connecticut. The Child Labor Amendment to the Federal Constitution is ratified by the California legislature: the Senate, 36 to 3; the House, 69 to 9. 9.-The War Supply bill carrying $331,000,000, of which $40,000,000 is for rivers and harbors, is passed by the House. 10. Secretary Hughes resigns as head of the State Department and Frank B. Kellogg, Ambassador at London, is nominated to succeed him. American war claims are adjusted by Col. Logan and the British Chancellor of the Exchequer under the Dawes plan: the bill of $255,000,000 for the American army of occupation and that of $350,000,000 for wardamage. 11. In China, Gen. Chi Hsieh-yuan usurps the Peking administration in the native quarter of Shanghai. Of the German total of reparation payments, amounting to 286,263,447 gold marks, France has received 113,600,000 and England 65,800,000. 12.--Jonathan M. Davis, the retiring Democratic Governor of Kansas, is arrested charged with accepting bribes for pardons. In Italy Premier Mussolini, in opening the Chamber, introduces a bill to wipe out Freemasonry as a secret society and forbidding membership therein of Government employes. 14. The Senate having substituted the Jones amendment for the Underwood Muscle Shoals bill and then displacing the former by the Norris government-operation amendment, on Jan. 13, now adopts the Underwood measure, which provides for the leasing of Government plants for manufacturing nitrates and the production of electric power: 50 to 30. The McFadden bill, revising the banking laws, with the Hull amendments for branch banking is passed by the House. The Child Labor amendment is defeated in the South Carolina legislature. An international financial agreement is signed at Paris by Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, the United States, 7.- The Senate Appropriation Committee Brazil, Greece, Portugal, Rumania, Yugoreports that, except for the Florida, the capi-slavia, and Czechoslovakia, which among tal ships are on the 5-5-3 basis, and the Naval other things fixes the Ruhr occupation profit appropriation bill carrying $289,000,000. at 800,000,000 gold marks. 15. Major Gen. Robert Lee Bullard retires as commander of the Second Corps, with headquarters at Governor's Island, N. Y., and is succeeded by Maj. Gen. Charles P. Summerall. Gen. Bullard entered the service in 1901. 16. Texas Rangers, famous in the history and fiction of the Mexican border, are declared to be an unconstitutional organization by a San Antonio court and surrender their arms. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., donates $1,600,000 toward reconstruction of Tokio Imperial library, the Japanese Government having appropriated a similar amount. 17.-The House adopts Urgent Deficiency bill reported by conference, carrying $150,000,000 for tax refunds, $3,501,200 for Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, and $3,000,000 for Inland Waterways stock purchase. Foreign securities valued at $1,268,438,394 were purchased in the United States in 1924, according to a Department of Commerce report. Tut-ankh-amen's tomb, after being closed a year, is reopened by Howard Carter in Egypt. 26.-President Coolidge, in address to budget organization, requests reduction of national expenditures by three billion-the first of his economy speeches, Child Labor amendment is rejected by the legislatures of Oklahoma, Kansas, Ohio, and Texas, and by the North Dakota Senate. Everett Sanders succeeds C. Bascom Slemp as secretary to President Coolidge. Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City: contract is let for building nave at a cost of $5,900,000. 27.-The Smith-Hoch resolution directing In Italy the Chamber adopts Mussolini's the Interstate Commerce Commission to reelectoral reform bill-268 to 19-and ad-gard farm products as basic industry in journs till Feb. 15. adjusting freight rates is adopted by the Senate. 18. In Germany the Luther Cabinet decrees resumption of the eight-hour law on April 1. ington. 28. Child Labor amendment is ratified by New Mexico House 40 to 8-and de19. The Senate defeats a measure to pro-feated by those of Delaware and Washvide money for the elevation of naval guns. Secretary Hughes makes formal criticism of Paris agreement of Jan. 14 to the effect that it "neither surrenders nor modifies any treaty right of the United States." 20. The Senate adopts majority report of investigating committee condemning "Teapot Dome" leases: 40 to 30. Mrs. Miriam Amanda Ferguson is inaugurated Governor of Texas. 21. The House adopts the Cramton resolution authorizing the Secretary of War to restore immediately the Robert E. Lee mansion in Arlington Cemetery. British dreadnought Monarch is sunk under terms of Washington pact. 22.-President Coolidge signs the Treasury Post Office bill carrying $760,000,000. Senator Borah (Rep., Id.) opens his campaign against showing any sentimental partiality toward the French war debt. In Germany, the Luther Cabinet supported by Nationalists, Popularists, Economic Unionists, Bavarian People's party, and Catholic Centrists receives a vote of confidence in the Reichstag: 246 to 160. Costa Rica resigns as a member of the League of Nations. 23.-Senator Bruce (Dem., Md.) answers Senator Borah's French war debt speech of the day before. In Chile the Alamirabo Government is deposed by the military junta and President Alessandri is recalled. 24.-President Coolidge, in an address before the Women's Conference on Cause and Cure of War, favors joining the World Court. Klan leader S. G. Young is killed by Ora Thomas, deputy sheriff of Herrin, Ill., who is, in turn, killed by Klansmen. Total solar eclipse is observed from Minnesota to beyond the North Atlantic States. Herbert H. Asquith is made Earl of Oxford and Asquith with seat in the House of Lords. 25.-Representatives of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania sign compact for utilizing Delaware River water at an expenditure of $500,000,000 within the next century and guaranteering a supply of a billion gallons a day. 29.-Col. William Hayward resigns as U. S. Attorney for the district of New York, and is succeeded by Emory R. Buckner, on Jan. 31. Premier Herriot's foreign policy receives vote of confidence in the French Chamber: 541 to 32. 30. The Senate passes the Postal Pay and Rate Increase bill: 70 to 8. In the case of former Assistant Secretary of War Benedict Crowell, Attorney General Stone withdraws appeal on the ground of insufficient indictment. Thomas B. Felder and Gaston B. Means are convicted by New York Federal jury on charge of conspiring to obstruct justice and are each fined $10,000, with an additional two years' imprisonment for Means. In Russia, Frunse succeeds Trotsky as Com. missar for Army and Navy. 31.--Patriarch Constantinos of the Greek Orthodox Church is deported by the Turkish authorities from Constantinople. FEBRUARY 1. The Agricultural Conference recom mends a special Federal agency to represent the small shippers of farm products. In China there is a conference of 146 mili tary leaders at Peking, where the Moscow program and the anti-foreign policy are discussed. 2.-The House passes six-year building program bill-243 to 116-but the $150,000,000 estimate is not appropriated. The Air Mail bill, promoting commercial aviation by civil means, is signed by the President. In Nome, Alaska, a diphtheria epidemic is broken by dog-sleds bringing antitoxin from Nenana, 650 miles. Suppression of French Embassy at the Vatican is voted by the French Chamber, 315 to 250, but on account of the special status of Alsace-Lorraine an agency must be maintained there. Don Gelasio dei Principi di Caetani is succeeded by Giacomo de Martino as Italian Ambassador at Washington. |