in order that we might not be condemned by our own hearts, but have confidence toward God, under the indispensable terms of discipleship with Christ, the practice of self-denial, and the daily bearing of the cross, and in the progress of this work, know Christ as the propitiation for our sins. The meeting in the evening was held in silence. The day was beautifully fine. The river is much swollen by the late rain. While watching some Blacks rolling up a cask of water, by means of a rope, attached to a pinion, at each end of the cask, so as to enable them to draw it after them like a garden-roller, I noticed some small Crayfish, in the river, of a dark colour, and about the size of those found in some parts of England. One of the Blacks caught some of these, and pulled off their legs, to keep them from running away. While here I saw another break the wings of some young Parrots, to keep them from flying; and when at Port Phillip, I saw two Native boys, holding two Ring-tailed Opossums together, by their tails, to make them fight. Thus, in acts of thoughtless cruelty, as well as in many other points, these people show, that they inherit the fallen propensities of man. This need not excite wonder when seen in savages, as it is so often exhibited in civilized society, and among persons professing to be Christians, who sometimes show as great cruelty, and thoughtlessness, in their sports. The Aborigines do little turns of work for the Settlers, from whom they obtain payment in bread, or some other food. Some attention has been paid to clothing them, and they have already learned, that they are expected to have on blankets, or some other covering, when they come near the houses of the Settlers.

11th. A meeting was held for the promotion of Temperance; and at its conclusion, one to consider of the propriety of appointing a committee, to assist the Protector of the Aborigines. The Governor was in the chair at the former of these meetings, and the Protector at the latter; at which a large committee was appointed.

But notwithstanding this was done, with much appearance of cordiality, I could not dismiss from my mind, an apprehension, that the poor Natives would yet feel themselves

placed in such a position toward the Settlers, as would excite feelings, inimical to the maintenance of a good understanding between them; and that the consideration of the rights of the original Inhabitants of the country, would ultimately be merged in the supposed interests of the Settlers. This arose from some sense of the general prevalence of selfinterest among mankind at large, and especially among the emigrants to newly-settled countries, and of the annoyance that uncivilized human beings are apt to prove, to those from civilized countries.

12th. We visited a sawyers' station, among the hills, in the direction of Mount Lofty. After crossing the grassy plains of Adelaide, the first hills, which are nearly at a right-angle with the Mount Lofty range, are of limestone, with here and there, argillaceous rocks. These hills are grassy, with a few trees, and a variety of plants. The next hills are more purely argillaceous, and have trees scattered upon them, like the last, they run rather steeply, into valleys, which are well sheltered, and some of them have small streams at the bottom. Adjoining, there are slate hills, which have less abundant vegetation, and more scrub. The next hills are of old red-sandstone, with poor, sandy soil, but abounding in gay, vegetable productions, in forest, of various species of Eucalyptus; among these is the useful Stringy-bark, which some parties are sawing for boards, and splitting for fencing. The carriage from this place to Adelaide is easy, being all the way, down-hill. Beyond this point, the mountain range exhibits white quartz; and persons who have passed Mount Lofty, which may be 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the level of the sea, say, that between it and Mount Barker, the country is fine and woody, and that it also looks well toward Lake Alexandrina. On returning, we descended into a deep valley, at the junction of one of the slate hills, with one of the argillaceous ones, of less slaty character, and found a waterfall of about 160 feet, on a stream, called the White Hill Creek. Some of the hills, like the plains below, are covered with red loam, on which there is fine Kangaroo-grass, that is green, notwithstanding the thermometer has, several times lately, risen to 107° in the shade.

A white-flowered Morna, a downy, drooping-flowered Pimelea, a broad and a narrow-leaved Xanthorrhæa, and several other striking plants, were growing in the forest on the red sandstone. On the argillaceous hills, there was a shrub belonging the Gentiane, with leaves resembling those of the Greater Periwinkle, and a Pomaderris, with pale leaves next to the heads of flowers. Todea africana, Grammitis rutafolius, and some other ferns were also here. Upon the limestone hills, were a broad-leaved Goodenia, an Orobanche, and Lobelia gibbosa, this last is a singular annual, flowering after its leaves have faded.-A considerable number of curious insects were feeding in a thicket, on the blossoms of a Leptospermum. On the low land, there is a flat beetle, allied to Silpha, that is surrounded by a broad, projecting, horny margin, in which there is a hole, that the insect can raise its head through, at pleasure.

13th. We took leave of our friends at Adelaide, walked to the Port, and again went on board the Eudora. The heat was so great, that the thermometer stood at 102°, in one of the stern cabins, with the window and door open, and the deck above, wet. The heat at Adelaide often produces ophthalmia; but this disease generally gives way to the use of a greatly diluted solution of nitrate of silver, which is a remedy, only safe in the hands of a skilful person. The creek at Adelaide will scarcely allow of more than a single line of vessels, for most of its length. They make fast to the Mangroves, one of which was pulled up by the Eudora, in a gale of wind. The vessel went against the opposite bank, but was easily warped off again. There is some trouble in loosing the moorings, to allow other vessels to pass.

14th. The moschettos were very troublesome last evening, and during the night. The position of the Eudora is between two bushy, salt marshes, in which they abound. To-day I crossed one of these, partly covered by the tide, to the sandy beach of Holdfast Bay, where I amused myself by picking up some small and curious shells. I found a drier path to return by: there were, however, some places to cross, where the tide was running off the marsh; but

the heat being very great, it was pleasanter in the water than out of it. In my walk, I kept my eye on the base of the trunks of the Mangroves, Avicennia tomentosa, in the hope of finding some rock-oysters attached to them, but was disappointed. I conclude that this species of shell-fish does not inhabit the south coast of Australia, as it is not met with here, nor yet at Port Phillip: probably Jervis Bay, on the east coast, may be about its southern limit, as it is there very small. On ship-board, a cotton shirt and a pair of trousers, of thin drill, with slippers, constitute my clothing. The heat is very oppressive, notwithstanding the decks are often wetted. The thirst of the persons on board was such that I made them a bucket full of Cream-of-tartar drink, which being sweetened, and having a flavour imparted by a few drops of essence of lemon, is a good substitute for lemonade; or, with the addition of a little carbonate of soda, it affords a pleasant effervescent draught. In the evening, with the high tide, and a light and pleasant breeze, the Eudora proceeded about fifteen miles, to the mouth of the creek.

CHAPTER XLIV.

Voyage to King Georges Sound.-Kangaroo Island.-Danger of Landing in Uninhabited Places.-Birds, &c.-King Georges Sound.-Albany.-Vegetation.-Inebriety.-Indolence.-Aborigines.-Country.-Plants.- Cape Leeuwin.-Voyage to the Swan River.

12th mo. 15th. Ar day-break, we got fairly under weigh. The port-officer left us as soon as we entered St. Vincents Gulf. A fair breeze brought us, at eight knots an hour, to the entrance of Investigators Strait, where it failed, and was succeeded by variable puffs of wind, and calms.

16th. The wind being against us, we stood backward and forward, between Kangaroo Island and the small islands, off York Peninsula. The surface of Kangaroo Island is woody, with grass, in some places; its gullies appear to be deep. Its cliffs are lofty, dark, and horizontally stratified. A few months since, some persons landed from a vessel, at the western end of the island, being tired with a long voyage, and thinking to make their way easily to Kings Cote, a settlement of the South Australian Company, on the eastern extremity. Some of the party reached this point, in a very exhausted state; but the surgeon, and another person perished in the intricate bush. Much danger attends strangers in any country, attempting to make their way from the coast, to distant places; many have narrowly escaped death, in such attempts, in other parts of Australia.

17th. This morning we left the Gambier and Thistle Islands, in Spencers Gulf, to the northward, and one of the Neptune Islands, to the southward. Mutton-birds and Terns were numerous about this island, on which there were also some