meut goes in to the order of "unfinished business" in the class to which it belongs.

VETO.

Where a bill, having passed both houses, shall be presented to the President of the United States, "if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the Journal of each house, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sunday excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.-Const., 1, 7; 2, 5.

A similar provision is made in the case of orders, resolutions, or votes presented to the President for his approval.—Ibid., 1, 7; 2, 5.

Whenever a bill is returned to the House with the objections of the President, it is usual to have the message containing his objections immediately read-Journals, 1, 28, pp. 1081, 1084; 1, 29, pp. 1209, 1214; 2, 33, pp. 397, 411; 1, 34, p. 1420-and for the House to proceed to the reconsideration of the bill-Ibid.—or to postpone its consideration for a future day-Ibid., 1, 21, p. 742. But not where less than a quorum is present.-Ibid., 1, 33, p. 1341; 3, 34, p. 1841. A veto message and a bill may be referred, or the message alone, and the bill may be laid on the table.-Journal, 2, 27, pp. 1253, 1254, 1256, 1257; Cong. Globe, same sess., p. 875.

The main question in the consideration of a vetoed bill is, "Will the House on reconsideration agree to pass the bill?" -Journals, 2, 27, p. 1051; 1, 28, p. 1085; 1, 29, p. 1218.

The "two thirds" by which a vetoed bill is required to be approved before it becomes a law has been construed in both houses to mean "two-thirds of the members present."—Journal, 1. 34, pp. 1176, 1178, 1420 (in all of which cases one hundred and fifty-six affirmative votes would have been necessary to pass the bills if "two-thirds of the members elected" had been required), and Senate Journal, 1, 34, p. 419.

A motion to proceed to the consideration of a vetoed bill, with the objections of the President, is a privileged question under the Constitution.-Cong. Globe, 2, 27, p. 905; 2, 28, p. 396; Journal, 1, 49, p. 2397.

A vote on the passage of a vetoed bill can not be reconsidered.-Cong. Globe, 1, 28, pp. 672, 677; Journal, same sess., p. 1093-1098.

A motion to discharge a committee from the further consid. eration of a veto message is a privileged question.-Journal, 1, 49, p. 2397.

Whenever a bill, order, resolution, or vote is returned by the President with his objections, and on being reconsidered is agreed to be passed, and is approved by two thirds of both houses of Congress, and thereby becomes a law, or takes effect, it shall be received by the Secretary of State from the President of the Senate, or Speaker of the House of Representatives, in whichsoever house it shall last have been approved, and he shall carefully preserve the originals.-Laws, 2, 43, p. 294.

Where the President does not approve a bill, and is prevented by the a ljournment of Congress from returning it with his objections, it is usual for him to inform the house wherein it originated, at the next session, of his reasons for not approving it.-Journals, 2, 12, p. 544; 1, 30, p. 82; 2, 35, p. 151.

(See also PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.)

VIGNETTES.

(See PORTRAITS.)

VIVA VOCE.

(See RULE III.)

VOTERS, QUALIFICATIONS OF.

The following table or statement of the requirements in the several States of the Union touching suffrage is given as a matter of interest and convenient reference. It is believed to be substantially accurate, and in connection with the data given under the head of "State Constitutions," which see, furnishes in a compact form the leading requirements of the several State constitutions.

Under the Constitution of the United States "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the States wherein they reside;" and "no State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law." In all the States, except Wyoming, the right of suffrage is limited to male citizens twenty-one years of age, with the further exception that in Colorado, Massachusetts, and a few other States women are permitted to vote at school district elections. There is a great lack of uniformity in the suffrage laws of the several States, as the following will show:

ALABAMA. The voter must be a citizen, or have declared his intention to become a citizen; must have been in the State one year, in the county three months, and in the voting precinct one month. Indians, idiots, and men convicted of crime can not vote.

ARKANSAS. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become such, except Indians, idiots, and criminals, may vote after a residence of one year in the State, six months in the county, and one month in the voting precinct. Registration is prohibited, as being a bar to suffrage.

CALIFORNIA. Only actual citizens can vote, after having been one year in the State, ninety days in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required by law; and Chinese, Indians, idiots, and convicts are excluded.

COLORADO. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become such, may vote after a residence of six months in the State, persons in prison only being excluded. Registration is required by the constitution. CONNECTICUT. Actual citizens, except those unable to read and convicts, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county and voting precinct. Registration is required by law.

DELAWARE. Actual county taxpayers, except convicts, the insane, pau

pers, and idiots, may vote after a residence of one year in the State and one month in the county.

FLORIDA. Citizens of the United States, or those who have declared their intention to become such, except betters on elections, duelists, idiots, the insane, and criminals, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county. Registration is required by the constitution. GEORGIA. Actual citizens, except nontaxpayers, criminals, idiots, and the insane, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county.

IDAHO.-Every male citizen of the United States twenty-one years old, who has resided in the State for six months and in the county where he offers to vote thirty days next preceding the day of election, is a qualified elector, except those under guardianship, idiotic or insane persons, or persons convicted of felony, embezzlement of public funds, bartering or offering to barter his vote, or of an infamous crime. Bigamists and polygamists are also excluded.

ILLINOIS. Actual citizens, except convicts, may vote after a residence of one year in the State and ninety days in the county and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required by law.

INDIANA. Citizens or those who have declared their intention so to become, except fraudulent voters and bribers, may vote after a residence of six months in the State, sixty days in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct.

IOWA. Actual citizens, except criminals, idiots, and the insane may vote after a residence of six months in the State and sixty days in the county Registration is required by law.

KANSAS. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become so, except rebels, convicts, idiots, and the insane, can vote after a residence of six months in the State and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required in cities only.

KENTUCKY. Under the State law free white male citizens, except convicts can vote after a residence of two years in the State, one year in the county, and sixty days in the voting precinct; but the exclusion of colored citizens being in conflict with the Federal Constitution, the law limiting the suffrage to white citizens is of no effect.

LOUISIANA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become such, except criminals, idiots, and the insane, can vote after a residence of one year in the State, six months in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct.

MAINE. Actual citizens, except paupers and Indians not taxed, may vote after a residence of three months in the State. Registration is required. MARYLAND. Actual citizens, except criminals, those guilty of bribery, and the insane, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and six months in the county. Registration is required.

MASSACHUSETTS. Citizens, except paupers, illiterates, nontaxpayers, and 9504-38

persons under guardians, can votea fter a residence of one year in the State and six months in the voting precinct. Registration is required.

MICHIGAN. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention of becoming such, except duelists, can vote after a residence of three months in the State and ten days in the voting precinct. Registration is required.

MINNESOTA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become so, except convicts, lunatics, and idiots, can vote after a residence of four months in the State and ten days in the voting precinct. Registration is required.

MISSOURI. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention to become so, except United States soldiers, paupers, criminals, and lunatics, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and sixty days in the county. Registration is required in cities only.

MISSISSIPPI. Actual citizens, except criminals, idiots, and lunatics, can vote after a residence of six months in the State and one month in the county. Registration is required.

MONTANA.-Every male citizen of the United States twenty-one years or over, who shall have resided in the State one year immediately preceeding the election at which he offers to vote, and in the town, county, or precinct such time as may be prescribed by law, shall be a qualified elector, except idiots or insane persons. Women shall have the right to vote at any school district election.

NEBRASKA. Citizeus, or those who have declared their intention of becoming so, except United States soldiers, convicts, and idiots, can vote after a residence of six months in the State. Registration is required.

NEVADA. Citizens, or those who have declared their intention so to become, except criminals, idiots, and lunatics, can vote after a residence of six months in the State and thirty days in the county. Registration is required.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Actual citizens, except paupers, can vote after a residence of six months in the town. Registration is required.

NEW JERSEY. Actual citizens, except criminals, paupers, lunatics, and idiots, can vote after a residence of one year in the State and five months in the county. Registration is required in cities of 10,000 inhabitants and

over.

NEW YORK. Actual citizens, except convicts, and election betters and bribers, may vote after a residence of one year in the State, four months in the county, and thirty days in the voting precinct. Registration is required in cities of 10,000 inhabitants or over.

NORTH CAROLINA. Actual citizens, except convicts, can vote after a residence of twelve months in the State and ninety days in the county. Registration is required.

NORTH DAKOTA.-Every male person of twenty-one years or upward who have resided in the State one year, in the county six months, and in the precinct ninety days next preceding any election, shall be deemed qual