Damascus and Palmyra

The Great Cemetery-Extraordinary Scene-Female Mourners-
Eastern Ladies-The Country Villa-Hospital of Lepers-Saul of
Tarsus-The Djereed-The Meadow of Damascus.-63.

CHAPTER V.

Damascus Street called Straight-Mosque of the Dervishes-
Khan of Hussein Pasha-Scene in a Khan-Conclusion of a Bargain
--Bagdad Caravan-Bedouin Women-Military Divan-Streets-
Cafés-Gate of Tombs-Funeral Procession Hired Mourners--
Mussulman Superstition--Salahieh--Scenery-Blindness--Ophthalmia
--Amusing Anecdote--Mistake of the Guard-Mosques-Imauns—
Muezzins-Environs of Damascus-Oriental Scenes-Sunset-The
Call to Prayer-Mussulman Prayers-Devotion-Night Call to
Prayer.-82.

CHAPTER VI.

Damascus-House of Assab Pasha-Grand Saloon-Internal Mag-
nificence-House of Ali Aga Kazini Katibi-The Crystal Chamber
-Politeness of the Proprietor-Damascene Houses-The Gardens of
Damascus-The Place of the Separation of the Waters-The sur-
rounding Scenery-Ride through the Gardens-Salahieh-Arrival of
the Bedouin Arabs-The Sheikh and his two Relations-Their Visit
to the British Consul-Their Mode of Salutation, Dress, and Conver-
sation-Their Reception as the Guests of the Author and his Friends
-Salahieh-The Women of the Harem-Bedouin Arabs-Prepara-
tion for Dinner-Purification--The Prayers of the Bedouins-Expla-
nation of the Prayers-Extracts from the Koran-The Mussulman's
Paradise-His Idea of a future State-Termination of the Prayers-
The Dinner-The voracious Appetites of the Bedouin Guests—The
Scene at Midnight-A Morning's Walk into Damascus-Oriental
Scenes Quarrelling Arabs-The Sugar Merchant's Shop--Scene at
the Shop-The Damascene Wag confounded-The Preparation of the
Departure for Palmyra-Account of the present State of the Desert
Eneze Tribe of Arabs-The Mode of Life of the Bedouins-The
Bedouin Sheikh.-95.

CHAPTER VII.

Departure for Palmyra-Mounting Dromedaries-Activity of the
Arabs-Halt for the Night-The Ghouta of Damascus-Bedouin En-
campments-Wild Scenery-Desert of El Hammad-The Flocks
and Herds-Filling the Water-skins-The Arming of the Bedouins-
Bedouin Arms-Bedouin War-cry-Sham Combat-Contest between
the two Sheikhs-Beautiful Training of the Horses-Entering the De-
sert-Singular Prospect from the Mountains-Arrival at Nebk-Arab
Villagers-Ignition of Phosphoric Matches-The Astonishment of
the Arabs-Departure from Nebk- The Sheikh and his Brother-
Their extreme Civility-Route to Palmyra-The Plain of Salt-The
Encampment of the Bedouin Sheikh-The Tents-The Salutation of
the Arabs-The Bedouin Women-Dromedaries-Feast in the
Sheikh's Tent-The Mode of Life of the Bedouins-Preservation of
ancient Customs-State of Society among them-The Authority of
the Sheikhs-Description of the Desert-The Vegetation of the

Desert-The Flocks and Herds of the Bedouins-The Migrations of
the Tribes-The Arab Horses-Scene after Supper in the Sheikh's
Tent-The Appearance of the Arabs congregated round the Fire.
-113.

CHAPTER VIII.

Bedouin Camp-Scene at Sunrise-Dromedaries-The Morning
Prayers-Some Account of the Bedouins-The Arabian Horse-
Breakfast in the Sheikh's Tent-Making Presents to the Women of
the Tribe-Dress and Appearance of the Women-Fondness of the
Bedouins for Sugar-Their Delight at the sight of an English Draw-
ing of a Party of Bedouins-Bedouin Music-Departure-Journey
in the Desert-Halts during the Day-The Cerastes or Horned
Snake-Halt at Cariatein-Mounting a Dromedary-Route from Caria-
tein to Palmyra-Appearance of the Desert-The Djerboas-Bedou-
ins of the Bagdad Caravan-The Method of kindling a Fire in the
Desert-Scene at Sunset-Visit to the Bedouins of the Bagdad Cara-
van-Coffee and Spices of Bagdad-Romantic Scene by the Light of
the Fires-The Beauty of the Heavens-An Arab at Prayer-Con-
tinuation of the Journey by Moonlight-An unruly Dromedary-
Night March across the Desert-Beauty of the Moonlight-Roman-
tic Appearance of the long Caravan-The Night Encampment-The
immense Fires-Continuation of the Journey at Sunrise-Halts in
the Desert--The Scenery-View of the Mountains of Palmyra-Ar-
rival at the Valley of the Tombs-Arrival at the Citadel of Palmyra
and the Village of Tadmor.-127.

CHAPTER IX.

History of Palmyra-Tadmor in the Wilderness-Its Foundation
by Solomon-The Name changed by the Greeks-The Prosperity
and Magnificence of Palmyra accounted for-Odenatus the Palmy.
rene-His Victories over the Persians-His Assassination by Mæo-
nius-Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra-Her Beauty and Accomplish-
ments-Her Victories over the Romans-Her Conquest of Egypt-
March of Aurelian against her-The Battle of Immai-The Capture
of Antioch—The Battle of Emesa-The Siege of Palmyra—The
Flight and Capture of Zenobia-The Execution of Longinus-The
Destruction of Palmyra-The Triumph of Aurelian-The Fate of
Zenobia.-143.

CHAPTER X.

Palmyra-General Aspect of the Ruins-The Great Desert-The
peculiarly wild and solemn Scenery-Description of the Ruins-The
Grand Gateway-The Grand Avenue of Columns-Ruined Gateways
and Colonnades-The small Temple-The Entrance to the Citadel-
Greek Inscriptions-The Double Colonnade in the Interior of the
Citadel-The Temple of the Sun-The ornamented Chambers-The
Zodiac.-159.

CHAPTER XI.

Palmyra-Valley of the Tombs-Sepulchral monuments-Greek
and Palmyrene Inscriptions-Tomb of Iamblichus-Tomb of Elabe-

lus Manaus-The Saracenic Castle-Singular View from the Moun-
tains-Ancient Aqueducts-Ancient Stone Doorway-Slaughter of a
Camel-Monumental Columns-Ancient Baths-Palmyrene Inscrip-
tions-The Magnificence of the Citadel-The Grotto of Hot Water
-The Thunder Storin-The wild Appearance of the Desert and of
the Ruins-The Lightning-Excursion into the Desert-The Plain
of Salt-The Great Desert--The Village of Tadinor-The Arab
Hostess-Arab Villagers-Bedouin Arabs--The Arab Girl--The
present Appearance of the Village of Tadmor.-169.

CHAPTER XII.

Palmyra-Departure-Last View of the Ruins--Scene over the
Desert-The Night Encampment-Antelopes-The Hunt-The Ga-
zelle-Cariatein-Arab Women-Well of Water-Arab Girl-Arab
Women drawing Water-The Sheikh of Djeroud-His Arabian
Horse--The Dromedary-The Arrival at Djeroud--The Sheikh's
House-The Supper-Departure at Sunrise-The Mushroom of the
Desert-The Merdj of Damascus--The Disarming of the Bedouins--
The Approach to Damascus--Scene at Sunset-Eastern Sunsets--
Arrival at Salahieh--The Bedouin Arabs-Their Moral snd Social
Condition-Comparison between the Civilisation of the Bedouins and
that of the Mass of the British Population.-187.

CHAPTER XIII.

Damascus-The Gardens-The Fruits-The Bazaars-The Da-
mascene Tailor-The Great Mosque-The Gate Bah Girun-The
Bedouin Sheikh-His Conversation at Dinner-Bedouin Kindness to
Horses--Damascene Manufactures-The Working Jewellers-The
Sabres-Ladies' Costume-Damascene Grandees-Damascene Girl-
Elegant Costume-The Ladies of Damascus-Superstition-The
Evil Eye-The Saddle Bazaar-The Nargilla-The old Castle of Da-
mascus The Walls of Damascus-The Wedding--Procession to the
Bath-Arabian Nights-Mosques of Damascus-Damascene Fever
-Ophthalmia-The Population of Damascus-Grottoes in the Moun-
tains.-203.

CHAPTER XIV.

The History of Damascus-Its Antiquity-Its Revolutions-The
Saracenic Invasion-The Fall of Bosra-The Siege of Damascus―
The Prowess of Caled-The Siege raised--The Sally of Peter and
Paul-The Heroism of the Saracen Women-The Valor of Derar-
The Ambuscade-The Battle of Aiznadin-Reinvestment of Damas-
cus-Thomas of Damascus-The Saracen Widow-The Surrender
of Damascus to Abu Obeidah-The Assault by Caled-The Dispute
-Capture of the City--The Damascene Fugitives--Jonas and Eu-
docia The Damascene Lover-Pursuit of the Fugitives-Death of
Eudocia Slaughter of the Fugitives-Fate of Jonas-Saracenic En-
thusiasm.-215.

CHAPTER XV.

The Caliphs of Damascus-Moawyah, First Caliph of Damascus-

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Damascus and Palmyra: A Journey to the East, Volumul 2