PART II. A Table of the Principal Events recorded in the New Testament, from the Birth of Christ to the Destruction of Jerusalem ana the Completion of the Canon of the New Testament. A. M. Y. of A. D. 4069 Cestius Gallus governor of Syria comes to Jerusa- 69 The Jews rise, and kill the Roman garrison at massacre of the Jews at Cæsarea and Palestine. The Christians of Jerusalem, seeing a war about Vespasian appointed by Nero for the Jewish war. Vespasian sends his son Titus to Alexandria; The Zealots seize the temple, commit violences in 70 67 Simon son of Gioras ravages Judæa and the south In this or the following year John writes his three 4073 Titus marches against Jerusalem to besiege it. Comes down before Jerusalem some days before the passover. The factions unite at first against the Romans, but afterwards divide again. The Romans take the first enclosure of Jerusalem; The Romans become masters of the court of the A Roman soldier sets the temple on fire, notwith- The Romans, being now masters of the city and temple, offer sacrifices to their gods. The last enclosure of the city taken. 73 70 4074 Titus demolishes the temple to its very founda- 74 71 OF THE PRINCIPAL PERSONS, NATIONS, COUNTRIES, AND PLACES, MENTIONED IN THE HOLY SCRIPTURES. This Index is compiled from the works of Calmet, Reland, Wells, Chompré, Gesenius, Schleusner, Robinson (of Andover, N. A.), Sereys, Coquerel, Macbean, Drs. Whitby, Hales, and Parish, M. Anquetil, and various other writers and commentators, who have treated on Sacred History, Biography, and Geography; and also from the Travels in Palestine and Asia Minor, of Bishop Pococke, the Rev. Dr E. D. Clarke, Lieutenant-colonel Leake, the Hon. Capt. Keppel, Captains Irby and Mangles, the Rev. Messrs. W. Jowett, Connor, Hartley, and Arundell, Messrs. Buckingham and Carne, and of Dr. Robert Richardson, who explored various parts of the East, in company with the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Belmore, in the years 1816-1818. Those names of persons and places only are omitted which occur but seldom in the Bible, and of which nothing more is known than appears in the passages where they occur. А В AARON, the son of Amram and Jochebed, of the tribe of Levi (Exod. vi. 20.), was born three years before his brother Moses. The Scripture is silent respecting every thing which preceded his call to be the spokesman or interpreter of Moses before Pharaoh, king of Egypt. From this time (the eighty-third year of his age), Aaron was the associate of Moses in all the transactions of the Israelites, until his death on Mount Hor, B. c. 1452, in the hundred and twenty-third year of his age, and in the fortieth year after the departure of the Israelites from Egypt. (Num. xxxiii. 38, 39.) Aaron was the first high-priest of the Jews; and was succeeded in the pontifical office and dignity by his son Eleazar. (Deut. x. 6.) For an account of Aaron's conduct in the affair of the golden calf, see p. 136. of this volume. AB, the eleventh month of the civil year of the Jews, and the fifth month of their ecclesiastical year. For the festivals and fasts observed by the Jews in this month, see p. 76. ABADDON (Heb.), or APOLLYON (Gr.), that is, the Destroyer: the name of the angel of the bottomless pit. (Rev. ix. 11.) ABANA and PHARPAR, two rivers of Damascus, mentioned in 2 Kings v. 12. The valley of Damascus, which lay between Libanus and Anti-Libanus, was watered by five rivers, of which these were the two principal. Both descended from Mount Hermon. The Pharpar flowed by the walls of Damascus: the bana flowed through the city, and divided it into two parts. l'hese rivers are not now to be d' stinguished. 3 E Vol.-II AB ABARIM, mountains of, notice of, 31. ABDON, one of the judges of Israel; he succeeded Elon, and governed the Israelites eight years. He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy asses. He was buried in Pirathon, in the land of Ephraim. (Judg. xii. 13-15.) ABDON, the name of a Levitical city, situated in the canton allotted to the tribe of Asher, and given to the Levites of the family of Gershon. ABEDNEGO, a Chaldee name, given by the king of Babylon's officer to Azariah, one of Daniel's companions. He was thrown into a fiery furnace, with Shadrach and Meshach, for refusing to adore the statue erected by the command of Nebuchadnezzar ; but both he and his companions were miraculously preserved. (Dan. iii.) ABEL, the second son of Adam, and the first shepherd: he was murdered by his elder brother Cain, through envy, Decause his sacrifice, offered in faith, was accepted by God, being (it is supposed) consumed by celestial fire, while the offering of Cair was rejected. (Gen. iv. 2-8. Heb. xi 4.) ABEL, the name of several cities in Palestine; viz. 1. ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH, or ABEL-MAIN, a city in the northen part of the canton allotted to the tribe of Naphtali. Hither fle Sheba the son of Bichri, when pursued by the forces of kin David; and the inhabitants, in order that they might escape th butors of a siege, cut off Sheba's head, which they threw ow 401 ABILA. See ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH. ABILENE, region of, 18. the wall to Joab (2 Sam. xx. 14-22.) About eighty years after, it was taken and ravaged by Benhadad king of Syria. (1 Kings xv. 20.) About two hundred years after this event, it was captured and sacked by Tiglath-pileser, who carried the inhabitants captive into Assyria. (2 Kings xv. 29.) This place was subsequently rebuilt; and, according to Josephus, became, under the name of ABILA, the capital of the district of Abi-Abimael. 2. ABEL-KERAMIM, the place or plain of the vineyards (Judg. | Pharaoh was of the Egyptian monarchs. Two of this name are xi. 33.), a village of the Ammonites, where they were discomfited by Jephthah. According to Eusebius, it abounded in his time with vineyards, and was six Roman miles from Rabbath Ammon. lene. ABIMAEL, the name of a descendant of Joktan. (Gen. x. 28 1 Chron. i. 22.) In these passages he and his brethren probably represent different Arabian tribes; though no name has yet been discovered in the Arabian writers which clearly corresponds to ABIMELECH, a common appellative of the Philistine kings, as mentioned in the Scriptures, viz. 1. Abimelech king of Gerar, the contemporary of Abraham. Struck with the beauty of Sarah, he took her from the patriarch, who had passed her as his sister, but restored her in consequence of a divine command. (Gen. 3. ABEL-MEHOLAH was the native country of Elisha. (1 Kings | xx.)—2. Abimelech II. supposed to be the son of the preceding. xix. 16.) It could not be far from Scythopolis. (iv. 12.) Euse-with whom Isaac entered into an alliance. (Gen. xxvi.) bius places it in the great plain, sixteen miles from Scythopolis, south. Not far from hence, Gideon obtained a victory over the Midianites. (Judg. vii. 22.) 4. ABEL-MISRAIM (the mourning of the Egyptians) was formerly called the floor of Atad. (Gen. 1. 11.) Jerome and some others after him believe this to be the place afterwards called Bethagla, at some distance from Jericho and Jordan, west. 5. ABEL-SHITTIM was a town in the plains of Moab, beyond Jordan, opposite Jericho. According to Josephus, Abel-Shittim, or Abela, as he calls it, was sixty furlongs from Jordan. Eusebius says, it was in the neighbourhood of Mount Peor. Moses encamped at Abel-Shittim before the Hebrew army passed the Jordan, under Joshua. (Num. xxxiii. 49. xxv. 1.) Here the Israelites fell into idolatry, and worshipped Baal-Peor, seduced by Balak; and here God severely punished them by the hands of the Levites. (Num. xxv. 1, 2, &c.) This city is often called Shittim only. (Antiq. lib. iv. cap. 7. and v. 1., and de Bello, lib. v. cap. 3.) ABEZ, a town in the canton of the tribe of Issachar. Josh. xix. 20. ABIAH-1. The second son of Samuel, who intrusted to him and his brother Joel the administration of justice, which they executed so ill, that the elders of Israel came to the prophet and demanded of him a king. (1 Sam. viii. 2-5.)-2. A priest of the posterity of Aaron, and the founder of a sacerdotal family. When all the priests were divided into twenty-four classes, the eighth class was denominated from him the class of Abia. (1 Chron. xxiv. 10.) To this class belonged Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist. (Luke i. 5.) ABIATHAR, the son of Abimelech, the tenth high-priest of the Jews. Escaping from the massacre of the priests at Nob, he joined the party of David, and continued in the pontificate until the reign of Solomon: by whom he was deprived of his office, for having embraced the faction of Adonijah. ABIB, the name of the seventh month of the Jewish civil year, and the first of their ecclesiastical year. It was also called Nisan. For an account of the fasts or festivals occurring in this month, see p. 76. ABIGAIL-1. The wife of Nabal, of Carmel; by her prudence and address, she averted the wrath of David against her husband, who had churlishly refused him succours during his distress in consequence of the persecutions of Saul. On the death of Nabal, she became the wife of David. (1 Sam. xxv.)-2. The sister of David. (1 Chron. ii. 16, 17.) ABIHU, the son of Aaron and Elisheba, who was consumed, together with his brother Nadab, by a flash of fire sent from God, for offering incense with strange fire, instead of taking it from the altar of burnt-offering. (Lev. x. 1, 2.) This severity of punishment was necessary towards the first transgressors of the divine law, in order to deter others from the same offence, and to increase the reverential awe of the Divine Majesty. It would seem that Nadab and Abihu were betrayed into this act of presumption by intemperance at the feast upon the feast-offerings: for, immediately after, and in consequence of their fate, Moses prohibited the priests from drinking wine and strong drink, when they approached the sanctuary. (Mant and D'Oyly, on Lev. x.) ABIJAH, the son of Jeroboam I. king of Israel, a young prince of promising hopes, who is supposed to have shown himself averse from his father's idolatry, and died early. (1 Kings xiv.) ABIJAH, or ABIJAM, the son and successor of Rehoboam king of Judah. He reigned thirty-three years; a wicked prince, who imitated the impiety and misconduct of his father. ABIJAH, the name of the wife of Ahaz, and the mother of Hezekiah king of Judah. ABIMELECH, the son of Gideon by a concubine. After his father's death he took possession of the government; procured himself to be acknowledged king; and afterwards put to death all his brethren, except Jotham, who escaped his fury. He was himself subsequently wounded at Thebez by a woman, who hurled a piece of a mill-stone upon his head; and indignant at the idea of perishing by the hand of a woman, he commanded his armour-bearer to pierce him with his sword. (Judg. viii.) ABINADAB.-1. A Levite of Kirjath-jcarim, who received the ark after it had been sent back by the Philistines. It continued in his house until David sent to conduct it thence to Jerusalem. (1 Sam. vii. 2. 2 Kings vi. 3, 4.)—2. One of Saul's sons who perished with him at the battle of Gilboa.-3. The brother of David and the son of Jesse. (1 Chron. ii. 13.) ABIRAN.-1. One of those who conspired with Korah and Dathan against Moses, and who perished in the same manner (Num. xvi.)-2. The eldest son of Hiel the Bethelite, who expired as his father was laying the foundation of Jericho, which he had undertaken to rebuild (1 Kings xvi 34.), as Joshua mor than 530 years before had prophetically announced would be the case. (Josh vi.) ABISHAG, the name of a beautiful virgin who was sent for to cherish David in his old age. Interpreters are not agreed whether she became the consort of David or was only his concubine. After David's death, she was demanded in marriage by Adonijah: but his request was rejected by Solomon; who, considering that, if it were granted, Adonijah would affect the regal power, caused him to be put to death. (1 Kings i. 3, 4. ii. 13—25.) ABNER, the son of Ner, uncle to king Saul, and general of his forces. After the death of his sovereign, he preserved the crown for his son Ishbosheth: but, afterwards quarrelling with him, Abner joined David. He was, subsequently, slain by Joab, in revenge for the death of his brother Asahel who was slain in open battle. David honoured Abner with public obsequies. (2 Sam. iii.) ABRAHAM, the patriarch and founder of the Israelitish nation, celebrated in the Scriptures for his probity, and for his unshaken confidence in the promises of God. He was the son of Terah, and was born at Ur, a city of Chaldæa. Called by God out of his own country, by faith he went forth into an unknown country, where he dwelt with his posterity, resting on the general promise of God for a better inheritance. Having married Sarah, he became the father of Isaac, whom by faith he offered on an altar, though in him he expected a completion of all the promises which God had made to him: but, as at first he had miraculously received a son, he concluded that God could with equal ease, after death, raise him again to life. (Heb. xi. 8—10. 17—19.) The patriarch's first name was Abram, which signifies the father of elevation, or an elevated father; but on a renewal of the divine covenant with him and of the promises made to him by God, it was changed to Abraham, the import of which is, the father of a great multitude. (Gen. xvii.) He died at the age of 175 years, and was interred, with Sarah his wife, in the field and cave at Machpelah. (xxv.) ABSALOM, the son of king David by Maahah. He rebelled against his father, and was slain by Joab, about 1020 years B. C (2 Sam. xiii.-xviii.) ABSTINENCE, vows of, 130. Accпo. See PTOLEMAIS. ACELDAMA, a place without the south wall of Jerusalem. beyond the pool of Siloam. It was called the Potter's Field (Matt. xxvii. 7. 10.), because they dug thence the earth of which they made their pots: and the Fuller's Field, because they dried their cloth there; but being afterwards bought with that money |