POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS

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Chapter 1. Historical Geography of the Holy Land.

1. Names

II. Boundaries

III. Inhabitants before the Conquest of Canaan by the

Israelites

IV. Division by Joshua.-Allotments of the Twelve

Tribes

V. The Kingdom under David and Solomon

VI. The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel

VII. Divisions in the Time of Jesus Christ

VIII Account of the City of JERUSALEM :-

1. Names

2. Situation

3. Fortifications and Walls

4. State of the City before the fatal War of the

Jews with the Romans

5. Remarkable Buildings

6. Notice of the successive Captures of the City

7. Sketch of its present State

IX. Later Divisions of Palestine :--

1. Under the Romans

2. In the Time of the Crusades

3. Modern Divisions under the Turkish Govern-

ment

CHAPTER I. Different Forms of Government, and

13, 14

Political State of the Hebrews, or Jews, from the

14

Patriarchal Times to the Babylonian Captivity.

15

I. Patriarchal Government .

16,17

II. Government under Moses,-a Theocracy; its na:

17

ture and Design

ib.

1. Heads, or Princes of Tribes and Families

17, 18

2. Jethronian Prefects, or Judges appointed by

Moses

38, 19 3. The Senate, or Council of Seventy Assessors

19

4. Scribes

19, 20

In. Government of the Judges

IV. Regal Government instituted

20

1. Functions and Privileges of the Kings

21

2. Inauguration of the Kings

ib.

3. Chief Distinctions of Majesty

21, 22

4. Scriptural Allusions to the Courts of Sove.

reigns and Princes explained

22 V. Revenues of the Kings of Israel

ib. VI. Magistrates under the Monarchy

VII. Officers of the Palace

ib. VIII. The Royal Harem

IX. Promulgation of Laws

X. The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel founded

Schism between the Twelve Tribes; its latent

Causes

XI. Reasons why the Kingdom of Judah subsisted

longer than that of Israel .

XII. State of the Hebrews during the Babylonish Cap-

23

tivity

ib.

ib.

23, 24

CHAPTER II. Political State of the Jews, from their

24 Return from the Babylonish Captivity to the Sub-

ib. version of their Civil and Ecclesiastical Polity.

ib.

24, 25 SECTION I. Political State of the Jews under the Mac-

cabees, and the Sovereigns of the Herodian Family.

25-29

29-31 I. Brief Account of the Maccabees

31, 32

II. Sorereigns of the Herodian Family :-

32

1. Herod the Great-St. Matthew's Narrative

33

of his Murder of the Infants at Bethlehem

34

confirmed

2. Archelaus

34, 35

3. Herod Antipas

4. Philip

5. Herod Agrippa

6. Agrippa, Junior

7. Bernice and Drusilla

35

Section II. Political State of the Jews under the

35-37 Roman Procurators, to the Subversion of their

37 Civil and Ecclesiastical Polity.

ib.

I. Powers and Functions of the Roman Procurators.

37, 38 II. Political and Civil State of the Jews under their

Administration

38

III. Account of Pontius Pilate

ib. I', And of the Procurators, Felix, Festus, and Gessius

Florge

CHAPTER II. Physical Geography of the Holy Land.

Section 1. Climate, Seasons, and Physical Appear.

ance of the Country.

I Climate

II Seasons

1. Seed-time

2. Winter

3. The Cold Season, or Winter Solstice

4. Harvest

5. Summer

6. The Hot Season.--Heavy Dews
ill. Rivers, Lakes, Wells, and Fountains.-Cisterns and

Pools of Solomon

IV Mountains

V. Valleys

VI. Caverns

VII Plains

VIII Deserts

Horrors and Dangers of Travelling in the Great

Desert uf Arabia

Section II. On the Fertility and Productions of the

Holy Land.

I. Fertility of the Holy Land

II. Its Productions:

1. Vegetables

2. Cattle

3. Mines

111. Testimonies of Ancient and Modern Authors to its

Fertility and Populousness

IV Calamities with which this Country was

visited

1 The Plagne

2. Eurthquakes .

3. Whirlwinds

Chapter III. Courts of Judicature, Legal Proceed-

ings, and Criminal Law of the Jews.

Section I. Jewish Courts of Judicature and Legal

Proceedings.

I. Seat of Justice

II. Inferior Tribunals

III. Appeals.-Constitution of the Sanhedrin or Great

Council

IV. Time of Trials

. - Form of Legal Proceedings

1. Citation of the Parties

2, 3. Form of Pleading in Civil and Criminal

Cases

4. Witnesses.-Oaths

5. The Lot, in what Cases used judicially

6. Forms of Acquittal

7. Summary Justice sometimes clamorously de-

manded

V. Executions of Sentences, by whom and in what

manner performed

among the Jews

Bection II. Of the Roman Judicature, Manner of

Trial, Treatment of Prisoners, and other Tribu-

nals mentioned in the New Testament.

I. Judicial Proceedings of the Romans

II. Privileges and Treatment of Roman Citizens when

Prisoners

III. Appeals to the Imperial Tribunal

IV. The Roman Method of fettering and confining

Prisoners

V. The Roman Tribunals

VI. Other Tribunals mentioned in the New Testa:

ment:

1. The Areopagus at Athens

2. The Assembly at Ephesus

SECTION III. On the Criminal Law of the Jews.

.

DT. CRIMES AGAINST GOD:

1. Idolatry

2. Blasphemy

3. Falsely prophesying

4. Divination

5. Perjury

II. CRIMES Against PARENTS AND MAGISTRATES

III CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

1. Theft

2. Manstealing

3. The Crime of denying any Thing taken in

trust or found

4. Regulations concerning Debiors :

IV. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON :

1. Murder.

2. Homicide

3. Corporeal Injuries

4. Crimes of Lust

V. CRIMES OF MALICE

51 CHAPTER IV. On the Jewish and Roman Modes of

ib.

computing Time, mentioned in the Scriptures.

54, 55

I. Days

II. Hours

. Watches of the Nighi

55

III. Weeks

ib.

IV. Months

V. Year, Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Natural

56

Jewish Calendar

ib.

VI. Parts of Time taken for the whole

b.

VII. Remarkable Æras of the Jews

ib.

56, 57 CHAPTER V. On the Tributes and Taxes mentioned

in the Scriptures.

57

I. Annual Payments made by the Jews for the Sup-

port of their Sacred Worship

II. Tributes paid to their own Sovereigns

III. Tributes and Customs paid by them to Foreign

Powers.—Notice of the Money-changers

IV. Account of the Publicans or Tax-gatherers

57, 58

CHAPTER VI. On the Genealogical Tables of the He.

58, 59

brews, and Public Memorials of Events.

59

I. On the Genealogical Tables of the Hebrews

59, 60

II. Public Memorials of Events

60

CHAPTER VII. On the Trealies or Covenants, Con-

60, 61

tracts, and Oaths of the Jews.

61

I. Whether the Jews were prohibited from conclud

ing Treaties with Heathen Nations

II. Treaties, how made and ratified

Covenant of Salt

NI. Contracts for the sale and Cession of alionable

61

Property, how made

62

IV. Of Oaths

ib.
ib.
ib. CHAPTER VIII Laws respecting Strangers, Ageing
ib.

Blind, Deaf, and Poor Persons.

62

I. Of Strangers

63 II. Of the Aged, Blind, and Deaf

III. Of the Poor

ib.
ib.

CHAPTER 1X. Of the Military Affairs of the Jews,

63 and other Nations mentioned in the Scriptures.

ib.

63, 64

64

SECTION I. On the Military Discipline of the Jews.

ib.

1. The earliest Wars, predatory Excursions

II. Character of the Wars of the Israelites

Their Levies, how raised

Mosaic Statutes concerning the Israelitish Soldiers

III. Divisions and Officers of the Jewish Army

IV. Encampments

64

V. Military Schools and Training

VI. Defensive Arms

64, 65 VII. Offensive Arms

65, 66 VIII. Fortifications

65

IX. Mode of declaring War

ib.

X. Military Tactics.-Order of Battle

Treatment of the Slain, of captured Cities, and of

65, 66

Captives

66

XI. Triumphant Reception of the Conquerors

ib XII. Distribution of the Spoil

ib.

Military Honours conferred on eminent Warriors.-

ib.

A Military Order established by David

XIII. Trophies :

67

ib.

ib. Section II. Allusions in the New Testament to the

68 Military Discipline and Triumphs of the Romans.

ib.

ib. DI. Divisions of the Roman Army, and Roman Mili-

ib.

BECTION IV. On the Punishments mentioned in the

Scriptures.

Design of Punishments. Classification of Jewish

Punishments

I. PUNISHMENTS, NOT CAPITAL:

1. Scourging

2. Retaliation

3. Restitution.- Pecuniary Fines
4. Offerings in the Nature of Punishment
5. Imprisonment.-Oriental Mode of treating

Prisoners

6. Banishment

7. Depriving them of Sight

8. Cutting or plucking off the Hair

9. Excommunication

II. CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS :

1. Slaying with the Sword

Office of the Goël

2. Stoning -

3. Burning to Death

4. Decapitation

5. Precipitation

6. Drowning

7. Bruising in a Mortar

8 Dichotomy, or Cutting asunder

9 Tuje Aceropos, or Beating to Death

10. Exposing to Wild Beasts

11. Crucifixion

CHAPTER II. On the Dress of the Jews.

I. Dress in the early Ages

II. Tunic

III. Upper Garmeni-Other Articles of Apparel

IV. Coverings for the Head.-Mode of dressing the

Hair

V. Sandals

VI. Seals, or Signets, and Rings

VII. Some Articles of Female Apparel elucidated

Complexion of the Women

VIII. Rending of Garments, a Sign of Mourning

IX. Numerous Changes of Apparel deemed a neces-

sary Part of their Treasure .

Section II. On the Arts cultivated by the Hebrews

150

150, 151

or Jews.

I. Origin of the Arts.-State of them from the Deluge

151-154

to the Time of Moses

154, 155

II. State of the Arts from the Time of Moses until the

155

Captivity

III. State of the Arts after the Captivity

IV. Account of some of the Arts practised by the

Jews :

1. Writing: Materials used for this Purpose

155, 156

Letters: Form of Books

156

2. Engraving

ib.

3. Painting

V. Music and Musical Instruments

156, 157

VI. Dancing

157

ib.

158, 159 Section III. On the Literature and Sciences of the

159 Hebrews.

ib.

I. Schools

ib. On the Schools of the Prophets in particular :

II. Appellations given to the Jewish Doctors cr

CHAPTER III. Jewish Customs relating to Marriage.

I Marriage accounted a Sacred Obligation by the

Jews

II. Polygamy tolerated. Condition of Concubines

III. Nuptial Contract and Espousals

IV. Nuptial Ceremonies

V. Divorce

CHAPTER IV. Birth, Nurture, &c. of Children'.

I. Child-birth.-Circumcision.—Naming of the Child

Ji Privileges of the First-born