(c) The use in commerce of the word "turpentine" or the word "rosin", singly or with any other word or words, or of any compound, derivative, or imitation of either such word, or of any misleading word or of any word, combination of words, letter, or combination of letters, provided herein or by the Secretary of Agriculture to be used to designate naval stores of any kind or grade, in selling, offering for sale, advertising, or shipping anything other than naval stores of the United States standards.

(d) The use in commerce of any false, misleading, or deceitful means or practice in the sale of naval stores or of anything offered as such. (Mar. 3, 1923, c. 217, Sec. 5, 42 Stat. 1436.)

TITLE 7, Sec. 96. PUNISHMENT FOR VIOLATION OF PROHIBITION. Any person willfully violating any provision of section 95 of this chapter shall, on conviction, be punished for each offense by a fine not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment for not exceeding one year, or both. (Mar. 3, 1923, c. 217, Sec. 6, 42 Stat. 1436.)

AVIATION

TITLE 49, Sec. 622 (a)-(c). INTERFERENCE WITH AIR NAVIGATION. A person shall be subject to a fine of not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and imprisonment, who (1) with intent to interfere with air navigation within the United States, exhibits within the United States any light or signal at such place or in such manner that it is likely to be mistaken for a true light or signal established pursuant to this Act, or for a true light or signal in connection with an airport or other air navigation facility; or (2) after due warning by the Administrator, continues to maintain any misleading light or signal; or (3) knowingly removes, extinguishes, or interferes with the operation of any such true light or signal. (52 Stat. 1016, c. 601, Sec. 902(c); Act of June 23, 1938.) CRIMINAL PENALTIES. (a) Any person who knowingly or willfully violates any term, condition, or limitation of any certificate or permit issued ... shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be subject for the first offense to a fine of not more than $500, and for any subsequent offense to a fine of not more than $2,000. If such violation is a continuing one, each day of such violation shall constitute a separate offense.

....

(b) Any person who knowingly and willfully forges, counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes any certificate authorized to be issued under this chapter, or knowingly uses or attempts to use any such fraudulent certificate, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be subject to a fine of not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. (52 Stat. 1015, c. 601, Sec. 902 (a) and (b); Act of June 23, 1938.)

TITLE 49, Sec. 176 a-c. FOREIGN AIRCRAFT (a) SOVEREIGNTY OF AIRSPACE DECLARED; NAVIGATION OF FOREIGN MILITARY AIRCRAFT. The United States of America is hereby declared to possess and exercise complete and exclusive national sovereignty in the air space above the United States, including the air space above all inland waters and the air space above those portions of the adjacent marginal high seas, bays, and lakes, over which by international law or treaty or convention the United States exercises national jurisdiction. Aircraft a part of the armed forces of any foreign nation shall not be navigated in the United States, including the Canal Zone, except in accordance with an authorization granted by the Secretary of State. (As amended 52 Stat. 1028, c. 601, Sec. 1107; Act of June 23, 1938.)

(b) NAVIGATION OF FOREIGN CIVIL AIRCRAFT; AUTHORIZATION; APPLICABILITY OF REGULATIONS. Foreign aircraft not a part of the armed forces of the foreign nation shall be navigated in the United States only if authorized as hereinafter in this section provided. (As amended 52 Stat. 1028, c. 601, Sec. 1107; U.S.C., Title 49, Sec. 176b.)

(c) NAVIGATION OF FOREIGN CIVIL AIRCRAFT; CONDITION OF AUTHORIZATION; EXEMPTION FROM REGULATIONS; ENGAGEMENT IN AIR COMMERCE. If a foreign nation grants a similar privilege in respect of aircraft of the United States, and/or airmen serving in connection therewith, the Civil Aeronautics Authority may authorize aircraft registered under the law of the foreign nation and not a part of the armed forces thereof to be navigated in the United States. No foreign aircraft shall engage in air commerce otherwise than between any State, Territory, or possession of the United States (including the Philippine Islands) or the District of Columbia, and a foreign country. (As amended 52 Stat. 1028, c. 601, Sec. 1107; Act of June 23, 1938.)

TITLE 49, Sec. 482. PERMITS TO FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS. PERMIT REQUIRED (a) No foreign air carrier shall engage in foreign air transportation unless there is in force a permit issued by the Authority authorizing such carrier so to engage: Provided, That if any foreign air carrier is engaged in such transportation on the date of the enactment of this Act, such carrier may continue so to engage between the same terminal and intermediate points for one hundred and twenty days after said date, and thereafter until such time as the Authority shall pass upon an application for a permit for such transportation if within said one hundred and twenty days such carrier files such application as provided in this section. ISSUANCE OF PERMIT (b) The Authority is empowered to issue such a permit if it finds that such carrier is fit, willing, and able properly to perform such air transportation and to conform to the provisions of this Act and the rules, regulations, and requirements of the Authority hereunder, and that such transportation will be in the public interest.

EXISTING PERMITS (c) Any such carrier who holds a permit issued by the Secretary of Commerce under section 6 of the Air Commerce Act of 1926, as amended, which was in effect on May 14, 1938, and which authorizes such carrier to operate between any foreign country and the United States, shall be entitled to receive a permit under this section upon proof of that fact only.

APPLICATION FOR PERMIT (d) Application for a permit shall be made in writing to the Authority, shall be so verified, shall be in such form and contain such information, and shall be accompanied by such proof of service upon such interested persons, as the Authority shall by regulation require.

NOTICE OF APPLICATION (e) Upon the filing of an application for a permit the Authority shall give due notice thereof to the public by posting a notice of such application in the office of the secretary of the Authority and to such other persons as the Authority may by regulation determine. Any interested person may file with the Authority a protest or memorandum of opposition to or in support of the issuance of a permit. Such application shall be set for public hearing and the Authority shall dispose of such applications as speedily as possible.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERMIT (f) The Authority may prescribe the duration of any permit and may attach to such permit such reasonable terms, conditions, or limitations as, in its judgment, the public interest may require.

AUTHORITY TO MODIFY, SUSPEND, OR REVOKE (g) Any permit issued under the provisions of this section may, after notice and hearing, be altered, modified, amended, suspended, canceled, or revoked by the Authority whenever it finds such action to be in the public interest. Any interested person may file with the Authority a protest or memorandum in support of or in opposition to the alteration, modification, amendment, suspension, cancelation, or revocation of a permit.

TRANSFER OF PERMIT (h) No permit may be transferred unless such transfer is approved by the Authority as being in the public interest. (52 Stat. 991, c. 601, Sec. 402; Act of June 23, 1938.)

RADIO AND WIRE COMMUNICATION

TITLE 47, Sec. 325. FALSE DISTRESS SIGNALS; REBROADCASTING PROGRAMS; STUDIOS FOR BROADCASTING TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR REBROADCASTING TO UNITED STATES; PERMIT; PENALTIES. (a) No person within the jurisdiction of the United States shall knowingly utter or transmit, or cause to be uttered or transmitted, any false or fraudulent signal of distress, or communication relating thereto, nor shall any broadcasting station rebroadcast the program or any part thereof of another broadcasting station without the express authority of the originating station.

(b) No person shall be permitted to locate, use, or maintain a radio broadcast studio or other place or apparatus from which or whereby sound waves are converted into electrical energy, or mechanical or physical reproduction of sound waves produced, and caused to be transmitted or delivered to a radio station in a foreign country for the purpose of being broadcast from any radio station there having a power output of sufficient intensity and/or being so located geographically that its emissions may be received consistently in the United States, without first obtaining a permit from the Commission upon proper application therefor.

(c) Such application shall contain such information as the Commission may by regulation prescribe, and the granting or refusal thereof shall be subject to the requirements of section 309 hereof with respect to applications for station licenses or renewal or modification thereof, and the license or permission so granted shall be revocable for false statements in the application so required or when the Commission, after hearings, shall find its continuation no longer in the public interest. (48 Stat. 1091, c. 652, Sec. 325, Act of June 19, 1934.)

TITLE 47, Sec. 501. Any person who willfully and knowingly does or causes to be done any act, matter, or thing, in this Act prohibited or declared to be unlawful, or who willfully and knowingly omits or fails to do any act, matter, or thing in this Act required to be done, or willfully and knowingly causes or suffers such omission or failure, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished for such offense, for which no penalty (other than a forfeiture) is provided herein, by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment for a term of not more than two years, or both. (48 Stat. 1100, c. 652, Sec. 501; Act of June 19, 1934.)

TITLE 47, Sec. 502. Any person who willfully and knowingly violates any rule, regulation, restriction, or condition made or imposed by the Commission under authority of this Act, or any rule, regulation, restriction, or condition made or imposed by any international radio or wire communications treaty or convention, or regulations annexed thereto, to which the United States is or may hereafter become a party, shall, in addition to any other penalties provided by law, be punished, upon conviction thereof, by a fine of not more than $500 for each and every day during which such offense occurs. (48 Stat. 1100, c. 652, Sec. 502; Act of June 19, 1934.)

TITLE 47, Sec. 13. VIOLATIONS; PUNISHMENT; ACTION FOR DAMAGES. Any officer or agent of said railroad or telegraph companies, or of any company operating the railroads and telegraph lines of said companies, who shall refuse or fail to operate the telegraph lines of said railroad or telegraph companies under his control, or which he is engaged in operating, in the manner herein directed, or who shall refuse or fail, in such operation and use, to afford and secure to the Government and the public equal facilities, or to secure to each of said connecting telegraph lines equal advantages and facilities in the interchange of business, as herein provided for, without any discrimination whatever for or adverse to the telegraph line of any or either of said connecting companies, or shall refuse to abide by or perform and carry out within a reasonable time the order or orders of the Federal Communications Commission, shall in every such case of refusal or failure be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall in every such case be fined in a sum of not exceeding $1,000, and may be imprisoned not less than six months; and in every such case of refusal or failure the party aggrieved may not only cause the officer or agent guilty thereof to be prosecuted under the provisions of this section, but may also bring an action for the damages sustained thereby against the company whose officer or agent may be guilty thereof, in the district court of the United States in any State or Territory in which any portion of the road or telegraph line of said company may be situated; and in case of suit process may be served upon any agent of the company found in such State or Territory, and such service shall be held by the court good and

sufficient. (Aug. 7, 1888, c. 772, Sec. 5, 25 Stat. 384; Mar. 3, 1911, c. 231, Sec. 289, 36 Stat. 1167; June 19, 1934, c. 652, Sec. 601, 48 Stat. 1101.)

TITLE 47,

this chapter,

301. LICENSE FOR RADIO COMMUNICATION OR TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY. It is the purpose of among other things, to maintain the control of the United States over all the channels of interstate and foreign radio transmission; and to provide for the use of such channels, but not the ownership thereof, by persons for limited periods of time, under licenses granted by Federal authority, and no such license shall be construed to create any right, beyond the terms, conditions, and periods of the license. No person shall use or operate any apparatus for the transmission of energy or communications or signals by radio (a) from one place in any Territory or possession of the United States or in the District of Columbia to another place in the same Territory, possession, or District; or (b) from any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or from the District of Columbia to any other State, Territory, or possession of the United States; or (c) from any place in any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or in the District of Columbia to any place in any foreign country or to any vessel; or (d) within any State when the effects of such use extend beyond the borders of said State, or when interference is caused by such use or operation with the transmission of such energy, communications, or signals from within said State to any place beyond its borders, or from any place beyond its borders to any place within said State, or with the transmission or reception of such energy, communications, or signals from and/or to places beyond the borders of said State; or (e) upon any vessel or aircraft of the United States; or (f) upon any other mobile stations within the jurisdiction of the United States, except under and in accordance with this chapter and with a license in that behalf granted under the provisions of this chapter. (June 19, 1934, c. 652, Sec. 301, 48 Stat. 1081.)

TITLE 47, Sec. 310. LICENSES; ALLOCATION OF FACILITIES; ALIEN OWNERSHIP AS BARRING GRANT OF LICENSE; ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER OF STATION LICENSES. (a) The station license required hereby shall not be granted to or held by-

(1) Any alien or the representative of any alien;

(2) Any foreign government or the representative thereof;

(3) Any corporation organized under the laws of any foreign government;

Any corporation of which any officer or director is an alien or of which more than one-fifth of the capital stock is owned of record or voted by aliens or their representatives or by a foreign government or representative thereof, or by any corporation organized under the laws of a foreign country;

(5) Any corporation directly or indirectly controlled by any other corporation of which any officer or more than one-fourth of the directors are aliens, or of which more than one-fourth of the capital stock is owned of record or voted, after June 1, 1935, by aliens, their representatives, or by a foreign government or representative thereof, or by any corporation organized under the laws of a foreign country, if the Commission finds that the public interest will be served by the refusal or the revocation of such license.

Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the licensing of radio apparatus on board any vessel, aircraft, or other mobile station of the United States when the installation and use of such apparatus is required by Act of Congress or any treaty to which the United States is a party.

(b) The station license required hereby, the frequencies authorized to be used by the licensee, and the rights therein granted shall not be transferred, assigned, or in any manner either voluntarily or involuntarily disposed of, or indirectly by transfer of control of any corporation holding such license, to any person, unless the Commission shall, after securing full information, decide that said transfer is in the public interest, and shall give its consent in writing. (June 19, 1934, c. 652, Sec. 310, 48 Stat. 1086.)

TITLE 47, Sec. 605. UNAUTHORIZED PUBLICATION OR USE OF COMMUNICATIONS. No person receiving or assisting in receiving, or transmitting, or assisting in transmitting, any interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio shall divulge or publish the existence, contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning thereof, except through authorized channels of transmission or reception, to any person other than the addressee, his agent, or attorney, or to a person employed or authorized to forward such communication to its destination, or to proper accounting or distributing officers of the various communicating centers over which the communication may be passed, or to the master of a ship under whom he is serving, or in response to a subpoena issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, or on demand of other lawful authority and no person not being authorized by the sender shall intercept any communication and divulge or publish the existence, contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning of such intercepted communication to any person; and no person not being entitled there to shall receive or assist in receiving any interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio and use the same or any information therein contained for his own benefit or for the benefit of another not entitled thereto; and no person having received such intercepted communication or having become acquainted with the contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning of the same or any part thereof, knowing that such information was so obtained, shall divulge or publish the existence, contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning of the same or any part thereof, or use the same or any information therein contained for his own benefit or for the benefit of another not entitled thereto: Provided, That this section shall not apply to the receiving, divulging, publishing, or utilizing the contents of any radio communication broadcast, or transmitted by amateurs or others for the use of the general public, or relating to ships in distress. (June 19, 1934, o. 652, Sec. 605, 48 stat. 1103.)

(1) Wire or radio communication.

TITLE 18, Sec. 120.

CONCEALMENT OR DESTRUCTION OF INVOICES OF IMPORTED MERCHANDISE

(CRIMINAL CODE, Sec. 64.) CONCEALING OR DESTROYING INVOICES. Whoever shall willfully conceal or destroy any invoice, book, or paper relating to any merchandise liable to duty, which has been or may be imported into the United States from any foreign port or country, after an inspection thereof has been demanded by the collector of any collection district, or shell at any time conceal or destroy any such invoice, book, or paper for the purpose of suppressing any evidence of fraud therein contained, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (R.S. Sec. 5443; Mar. 4, 1909, c. 321, Sec. 64, 35 Stat. 1100.)

FRAUDS RELATING TO IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE

TITLE 19, Sec. 1591. FRAUD; PERSONAL PENALTIES. If any consignor, seller, owner, importer, consignee, agent, or other person or persons enters or introduces, or attempts to enter or introduce, into the commerce of the United States any imported merchandise by means of any fraudulent or false invoice, declaration, affidavit, letter, paper, or by means of any false statement, written or verbal, or by means of any false or fraudulent practice or appliance whatsoever, or makes any false statement in any declaration under the provisions of section 1485 of this title (relating to declaration on entry) without reasonable cause to believe the truth of such statement, or aids or procures the making of any such false statement as to any matter material there to without reasonable cause to believe the truth of such statement, whether or not the United States shall or may be deprived of the lawful duties, or any portion thereof, accruing upon the merchandise, or any portion thereof, embraced or referred to in such invoice, declaration, affidavit, letter, paper, or statement; or is guilty of any willful act or omission by means whereof the United States shall or may be deprived of the lawful duties, or any portion thereof, accruing upon the merchandise, or any portion thereof, embraced or referred to in such invoice, declaration, affidavit, letter, paper, or statement, or affected by such act or omission, such person or persons shall upon conviction be fined for each offense a sum not exceeding $5,000, or be imprisoned for a time not exceeding two years, or both, in the discretion of the court: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve imported merchandise from forfeiture by reason of such false statement or for any cause elsewhere provided by law. (As amended Aug. 5, 1935, c. 438, Title III, Sec. 304 (a), 49 Stat. 527.)

FICTITIOUS ADDRESSES

TITLE 18, Sec. 339. (CRIMINAL CODE, Sec. 216.) USING FRAUDULENT FICTITIOUS ADDRESS. Whoever, for the purpose of conducting, promoting, or carrying on, in any manner, by means of the post-office establishment of the United States, any scheme or device mentioned in section 338 (using mails to defraud) of this title or any other unlawful business whatsoever, shall use or assume, or request to be addressed by any fictitious, false, or assumed title, name, or address, or name other than his own proper name, or shall take or receive from any post office of the United States, or station thereof, or any other authorized depository of mail matter, any letter, postal card, package, or other mail matter addressed to any such fictitious, false, or assumed title, name, or address, or name other than his own proper name, shall be punished as provided in section 338 of this title. (Mar. 2, 1889, c. 393, Sec. 2, 25 Stat. 873; Mar. 4, 1909, c. 321, Sec. 216, 35 Stat. 1131.)

PRIVATE MAIL AND EXPRESS

TITLE 18, Sec. 306. (CRIMINAL CODE, Sec. 183.) SENDING LETTERS BY PRIVATE EXPRESS. Whoever shall transmit by private express or other unlawful means, or deliver to any agent thereof, or deposit or cause to be deposited at any appointed place, for the purpose of being so transmitted, any letter or packet, shall be fined not more than $50. (R. S. Sec. 3984; Mar. 4, 1909, c. 321, Sec. 183, 35 Stat. 1124.)

OFFENSES ON SHIPBOARD, MISUSE OF SHIPS, ETC.

TITLE 18, Sec. 484. (CRIMINAL CODE, Sec. 293.) REVOLT OR MUTINY ON SHIPBOARD. Whoever, being of the crew of a vessel of the United States, on the high seas, or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States, unlawfully and with force, or by fraud, or intimidation, usurps the command of such vessel from the master or other lawful officer in command thereof, or deprives him of authority and command on board, or resists or prevents him in the free and lawful exercise thereof, or transfers such authority and command to another not lawfully entitled thereto, is guilty of a revolt and mutiny, and shall be fined not more than $2,000 and imprisoned not more than ten years. (R. S. Sec. 5360; Mar. 4, 1909, c. 321, Sec. 293, 35 Stat. 1146.)

TITLE 18, Sec. 487. (CRIMINAL CODE, Sec. 296.) CONSPIRACY TO CAST AWAY VESSEL. Whoever, on the high seas, or within the United States, willfully and corruptly conspires, combines, and confederates with any other person, such other person being either within or without the United States, to cast away or otherwise destroy any vessel, with intent to injure any person that may have underwritten or may thereafter underwrite any policy of insurance thereon or on goods on board thereof, or with intent to injure any

person that has lent or advanced, or may lend or advance, any money on such vessel on bottomry or respondentia; or whoever, within the United States, builds, or fits out, or aids in building or fitting out, any vessel with intent that the same be cast away or destroyed, with the intent hereinbefore mentioned, shall be fined not more than $10,000 and imprisoned not more than ten years. (R. S. Sec. 5364; Mar. 4, 1909, c. 321, Sec. 296, 35 Stat. 1146.)

TITLE 50, Sec. 193. DESTRUCTION OF, INJURY TO, OR IMPROPER USE OF VESSELS. It shall be unlawful for the owner or master or any other person in charge or command of any private vessel, foreign or domestic, or for any member of the crew or other person, within the territorial waters of the United States, willfully to cause or permit the destruction or injury of such vessel or knowingly to permit said vessel to be used as a place of resort for any person conspiring with another or preparing to commit any offense against the United States, or in violation of the treaties of the United States or of the obligations of the United States under the law of nations, or to defraud the United States, or knowingly to permit such vessels to be used in violation of the rights and obligations of the United States under the law of nations; and in case such vessels shall be so used, with the knowledge of the owner or master or other person in charge or command thereof, the vessel, together with her tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture to the United States in the same manner as merchandise is forfeited for violation of the customs revenue laws; and whoever violates this section shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years and shall in the discretion of the court be fined not more than $10,000. (June 15, 1917, c. 30, Title II, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 220; Act of March 28, 1940, Public #43, 76th Cong. 3rd Sess.)

TITLE 8, Sec. 150. REFUSAL OR FAILURE TO FURNISH LISTS OF ALIEN PASSENGERS. It shall be unlawful for the master or commanding officer of any vessel bringing aliens into or carrying aliens out of the United States to refuse or fail to deliver to the immigration officials the accurate and full manifests or statements or information regarding all aliens on board or taken on board such vessel required by this subchapter, and if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the Secretary of Labor that there has been such a refusal or failure, or that the lists delivered are not accurate and full, such master or commanding officer shall pay to the collector of customs at the port of arrival or departure the sum of $10 for each alien concerning whom such accurate and full manifest or statement or information is not furnished, or concerning whom the manifest or statement or information is not prepared and sworn to as prescribed by this subchapter. No vessel shall be granted clearance pending the determination of the question of the liability to the payment of such fine, or while it remains unpaid, nor shall such fine be remitted or refunded; but clearance may be granted prior to the determination of such question upon the deposit with the collector of customs of a sum sufficient to cover such fine. (Feb. 5, 1917, c. 29, Sec. 14, 39 Stat. 884.)

STOWAWAYS ON VESSELS

That any person, without the consent of the owner, charterer, or master of any vessel and with intent to obtain, without paying therefor, transportation on such vessel to any place, within or without the United States, who shall board, enter, or secrete himself aboard such vessel, shall be thereon at the time of departure of said vessel from a port, harbor, wharf, or other place within the jurisdiction of the United States, including the Canal Zone, or who, having boarded, entered, or secreted himself aboard such vessel in any place within or without the jurisdiction of the United States, shall remain aboard any such vessel after such vessel has left such place and who shall be found thereon at or before the time of arrival of such vessel at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States, including the Canal Zone, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be liable to a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court.

Sec. 2. Whoever shall knowingly aid, abet, or assist any person to violate this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be liable to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court.

Seo. 3. Nothing contained in this Act shall modify, restrict, alter, or change in any particular any laws of the United States in existence at the date of enactment of this Act, or which shall be thereafter enacted either for the purpose of preventing any person from entering the United States in violation of the laws of the United States or for the purpose of securing the deportation from the United States of any person who, under the laws of the United States, shall be subject to deportation. (Act of June 11, 1940, Public No. 601, 76th Congress, 3d Session.)