χουσα κισσόν, of the nightingale ; Pind. Pyth. 2. 88, χρὴ δὲ πρὸς θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν, ὃς ἀνέχει ποτὲ μὲν τὰ κείνων, τοτ ̓ αὖθ ̓ ἑτέροις ἔδωκεν μέγα κῦδος, where ανέχει is usually regarded as equivalent to ἀνυψοῖ, τιμῷ, although its own stricter meaning, to uphold, is, to say the least, equally appropriate. With the sentiment, compare Hor. Od. 2. 4. 5, movit Ajacem Telamone natum Forma captivæ dominum Tecmessæ. 212. Ωστ'. ... ἂν.... ὑπείποις. The potential optative with ὤν, in the accessorial signification of purpose and aim, is frequently found in dependent clauses with ὡς, ὥστε, ὅτι, without reference to the time of the principal verb, where the same form would also stand in the oratio recta. Xen. Mem. 4. 4. 14, διάφορον οὖν τι οἴει ποιεῖν, τοὺς τοῖς νόμοις πειθομένους φαυλίζων, ὅτι καταλυθεῖεν ἂν οἱ νόμοι, ἢ εἰ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς πολέμιοις εὐτακτοῦντας ψέγοις, ὅτι γένοιτ' ἂν εἰρήνη; In this view, our passage would yield the following sense, because thou wilt not ignorantly reply. There is, however, in all probability, a reference to some suppressed condition, as Ellendt supposes. Below, v. 1280, ὥστ ̓ οὐκ ἂν ἐνδίκως γ ̓ ἀτιμάζοιτό σοι. See Ed. Tyr. 857; Kühner's Gr. Gr. 865, ed. Jelf. 214. ἐκπεύσει, you will learn as the result of your inquiries. Wunder aptly quotes Cd. Kol. 529, θάνατος μὲν τάδ ̓ ἀκούειν. 216. Νύκτερος, in the night. The adjective in apposition with the subject of the sentence is substituted for an adverb or a preposition with its case, in order to give greater emphasis and attract more attention to the statement. Cf. Antig. 785, φοιτᾶς ὑπερπόντιος, for ὑπὲρ τὸν πόντον ; d. Tyr. 32, ἐφέστιοι ἑζόμεθα, for ἐπὶ τῇ ἑστίᾳ ; Philokt. 808, ήδε (νόσος) μοι ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ ̓ ἀπέρχεται, for οξέως, ταχέως. ἀπελωβήθη. SCHOL. : ἐνυβρίσθη καὶ λωβητὸς γέγονεν. Εustathius, p. 920. 2 : τὸ ἀπη. τίμησε περιττὴν ἔχει τὴν πρόθεσιν, ὡς τὸ ἀπελωβήθη παρὰ Σοφοκλεί. On the contrary, the preposition is not redundant, but imparts energy and the notion of completion to the meaning of the simple verb, has been thoroughly disgraced. So ἐξελωβήθην, Philokt. 330. On the passive force possessed by many deponent verbs, in correspondence with their existing or implied active meaning, see Elmsley to Eur. Herakl. 757; Hermann to Antig. 23. 218. Χειροδάϊκτα σφάγι' αἱμοβαφή. With the accumulated adjectives, compare Eur. Med. 208, λιγυρὰ δ ̓ ἄχεα μογερὰ βοᾷ ; Id. 214, ἐφ ̓ ἁλο μυρὰν Πόντου κλῇδ ̓ ἀπέραντον ; Id. 822, ἱερᾶς χώρας ἀπορθήτου ; Phan. 191, κεραύνιόν τε πῦρ αιθαλόεν. 219. Κείνου χρηστήρια. SCHOL.: τὰ τολμήματα καὶ πράξεις· ἢ τὰ διεφθαρμένα ποίμνια, παρὰ τὸ διαχρήσασθαι αὐτά· δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ λέξις καὶ τὸ The last is the true interpreta μαντεῖον, καὶ τὸν χρησμὸν, καὶ τὸ ἱερεῖον. tion, as is shown by Æsch. Theb. 212, where the Scholiast remarks, rò σφάγια καὶ χρηστήρια ἐκ παραλλήλου, οὐ γὰρ μόνον χρηστήρια τὰ μαντεύματα ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ θύματα. Even in this sense, the word would seem strictly to denote victims slain before consulting the gods. 220. ἀνδρὸς αἴθοπος ἀγγελίαν. Such is the reading exhibited by Suidas s. Alloros, the majority of the manuscripts, and the Scholiast. From the language of Eustathius, p. 862. 10, φέρεται αἴθων βοῦς καὶ σίδηρος καὶ ἄνθρωπος καὶ λέων· αἴθοψ δὲ οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν λέγοιτ' ἂν, ἀλλὰ τοὔνομα οἴνῳ μέλανι ἐπιτίθεται (where he appears to deny that alloy can be employed as an epithet of either animate or inanimate objects except to indicate their color), and at p. 1072. 6, aïlwv úvǹg wagà Zo¢oxhsî, it may be inferred that he found alwvos in his copy, and this writing is preserved in the MSS. T. Barocc. A. B. Heidelb., and in some others, as also in Aldus and the old editions, to the manifest destruction of the metre. The MS. Laur. a. albovos, with suprascriptum, as Dindorf, believing that the penult of proper names and adjectives terminating in v may be written with a short vowel in the genitive, had already edited from conjecture. The grammatical point just stated has been investigated by Lobeck with his usual ability, in a note of immense learning, which furnishes the most conclusive proof that no appellative word can be inflected in two ways, that is, by wvos and ovos, in writers of the same dialect. The Scholiast explains as follows: αἴθοπος· διαπύρου, θερμοῦ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις· ἢ τὸ θερμὸν νῦν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρακεκινηκότος κείσθω. The dictum of Eustathius quoted above is clearly overthrown by the fact, that albo is used as an epithet of us in Hes. Opp. 363, of xaλnós in Id. Scut. Her. 135, of ßaonavía in Agath. Epigr. XIV. 10, of the 'Ido in Nonn. 18. 176. Compare Silius It. 6. 208, igneus in pugnas; Cic. Balb. 15, duo fulmina imperii; Virg. Æn. 11. 746, Volat igneus æquore Tarchon. With reason, therefore, does Lobeck inquire why we should hesitate to believe that the adjective may be applied, in the same way as our own epithet "fiery," to denote a man of passionate disposition and who is quickly roused to wrath, to such a one as, in the ordinary language of the Greeks, was termed quos and diάugos. That other adjectives ending in - and -ons were transferred from their strict use, as descriptive of physical peculiarities, to illustrate mental dispositions and qualities, may be learnt from v. 902 below, saiάav buμóv, and the numerous examples cited by Lobeck in his note to that passage. With the genitive, compare below, τ. 942, Οξεία γάρ σου βάξις ; Thuk. 8. 15, ἀγγελία τῆς Χίου ; 1. 140, τὸ Μεγαρέων ψήφισμα, for which we read, in c. 139, τὸ περὶ Μεγαρέων ψή φισμα ; Xen. Μem. 2. 7. 13, ὁ τοῦ κυνὸς λόγος. Heinrich to Cic. Orat. fr. p. 95; Spohn, Lectt. Theokr. 1. p. 17. Περίο 223. τὸ προσέρπον. SCHOL. : τὸ ἀποβησόμενον. Cf. Æsch. Prom. 127, πᾶν μοι φοβερὸν τὸ προσέρπον ; v.272, τὰς προσερπούσας τύχας. φαντος ἁνήρ. SCHOL. : φανερός ἐστιν, ὅτι ταῦτα ἑαυτὸν διαθήσει. In construction, περίφαντος must be joined with θανεῖται. d. Τyr. 506, φανερὰ ἦλθε ; Antig. 520, λήθουσά μ' ἐξέπινες. See note to v. 216 supra. Wunder, referring to v. 242 below, would prefer to the ordinary rendering: videbimus eum mori, or ante omnium oculos morietur. We have received without hesitation Hermann's emendation &νής, in place of ἀνήρ, the reading of the books. 224. παραπλήκτῳ. SCHOL.: τῇ μανικῇ. παραπλὴξ γὰρ ὁ μανικός. Melanipp. ap. Athen. p. 429. C, ὀμφὰ παράπληκτος. It is applied in the same sense to persons by the LXX. in Deuteron. xxviii. 34. Hermann has retained the punctuation of Aldus, and placed a comma after x The preposition in συγκατακτάς indicates the joint slaughter of the cattle and their shepherds. See note to v. 27 supra. 225. Κελαινοῖς ξίφεσιν. On the enallage of number, so frequent in Greek writers, not merely with appellative, but with abstract or material nouns, see Krüger, Griech. Sprachl. 44. 3, Anm. 5; and compare Pind. Pyth. 4. 431, Φρίξου μάχαιραι ; Eur. Ion. 191, ὕδραν ἐναίρει χρυσαῖς ἅρπαις ; Manetho, 1. 316, σφαγίοις ξίφεσιν δεδαϊγμένος. The employment of the plural by the poets originated, in all probability, from a wish to give weight or prominence to the idea. Aristot. Rhet. III. 6, εἰς ὄγκον τῆς λέξεως (ad sermonis granditatem) συμβάλλεται τὸ ἓν πολλὰ ποιεῖν. In place of ἱππονώμας all the manuscripts and old editions exhibit ἱππονόμους. Porson, in Adv. p. 186, first restored the genuine reading, indistinct traces of which, according to Elmsley and Gaisford, are found in the MS. Laur. a., on the authority of Eur. Hipp. 1399, οὐδ ̓ ἱππονώμας οὐδ ̓ ἀγαλ. μάτων φύλαξ, and Ar. Nub. 571, τὸν θ ̓ ἱππονώμαν. The art by which the poet represents the Chorus, in the preceding lines, as already filled with gloomy apprehension respecting the life of Aias, in consequence of the intelligence it has just received, and intimates to the spectators the catastrophe which subsequently happens, has excited the admiration of all students of this play. 226. Ωμοι . .... ἡμῖν. SCHOL. : ὡς οἰκοροῦσα τὰ ἔξω ἢ Τέκμησσα ἀγνοεῖ· δεῖ οὖν τὸν χορὸν τὰ μὲν ἔνδον ἀπ ̓ αὐτῆς γνῶναι, τὴν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ χοροῦ τὰ ἔξω. 227. ήλυθε. This Homeric form is very rarely met with in the tragic senarius, as at Eur. Rhes. 662, Troad. 378, Elektr. 602. See Elmsley to Eur. Med. 1077; Meineke, Quæst. Menandr. I. p. 35. 228. τὴν μέν. Such is the reading of the MSS. Laur. a. Γ. Harl. and others, with Aldus. Brunck has received rà μív from the Triclinian copies. The former, without doubt the genuine writing of Sophokles, has given offence to editors and transcribers, in consequence of the transition from the feminine singular to the neuter plural in the verse that follows. Supply ποίμνην with the Scholiast, and compare Trach. 548, ὁρῶ γὰρ ἥβην.... ὧν ἀφαρπάζειν φιλεῖ ὀφθαλμὸς ἄνθος ; Elektr. 142, ἄλγος . . . ., ἐν οἷς ἀνάλυσίς ἐστιν οὐδεμία κακῶν ; Bernhardy, Synt. p. 296 ; Hoogeveen ad Vig. p. 56. 229. Τὰ δὲ .... ἀνεῤῥήγνυ. Alias medias dirumpebat, costas dissecans. The Scholiast explains πλευροκοπῶν· κατὰ τῶν πλευρῶν τύπτων ; Ellendt, more correctly, latera scindens. With the sense assigned to ἀναῤῥήγνυναι, compare the similar use of the German verb aufbrechen in the language of the chase. 230. "Critics differ greatly in opinion as to the individuals specially alluded to by the poet in the words δύο δ' ἀργίποδας κριοὺς ἀνελών, to which one Scholiast has noted ἴσως τὸν μὲν ἕνα ἐνόμιζεν Οδυσσέα, τὸν δὲ ἄλλον Νέστορα ἢ Μενέλαον, whilst a second comments as follows upon the verse immediately succeeding: τοῦ μὲν κεφαλὴν καὶ γλῶσσαν ἄκραν ῥίπτει θερίσας· ἴσως τοῦτον ἐνόμιζε Νέστορα, ὡς ψευδομαρτυρήσαντα κατ ̓ αὐτοῦ. Hermann considers Agamemnon to be referred to by τοῦ μέν, and suggests that he was in all probability so punished on account of the judgment he had given in the contest respecting the armor of Achilles. And that Agamemnon, or, as the Scholiast supposes, Menelaos, is to be understood in preference to Nestor, is shown by many passages in this tragedy, and with peculiar distinctness in vv. 289 sqq. : λόγους ἀνέσπα τοὺς μὲν ̓Ατρει δῶν κάτα, τοὺς δ ̓ ἀμφ' Οδυσσεῖ, συντιθεὶς γέλων πολὺν, ὅσην κατ ̓ αὐτῶν ὕβριν ἐκτίσαιτ' ἰών. The accurate interpretation of our passage by Zenobius, when explaining the meaning of the proverbial expression Αιάντειος γέλως, has escaped the notice of the commentators. He observes, 1. 43, that it is used ἐπὶ τῶν παραφρόνως γελώντων. ὁ Αἴας γὰρ παραφροσύνην φρονήσας καὶ μανεὶς διὰ τὸ προτιμηθῆναι τὸν Ὀδυσσέα εἰς τὴν τῶν ̓Αχιλλείων ὅπλων κατοχὴν κατὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ξιφήρης ὥρμησε, καὶ κατὰ τῶν βοσκημάτων προνοίᾳ θεῶν τραπεὶς ὡς ̓Αχαιοὺς ταῦτα φονεύει. δύο δὲ μεγίστους κριοὺς κατασχὼν ὡς ̓Αγαμέμνονα καὶ Μενέλαον δεσμεύσας ἐμάστιξε καὶ κατεγέλα τούτων μαινόμενος, ὕστερον δὲ σωφρονήσας ἑαυτὸν κτείνει. Hence, then, by v Sophokles designates Agamemnon, and by ¿ di, not Odysseus, but Menelaos, whilst the duo agyírodes xgioi represent both the Atreidæ, whom Aias calls diorágxas Bariλns, v. 369, and subsequently associates in express terms as the authors of the unjust judgment which had deprived him of the arms, v. 420 : νῦν δ ̓ αὖτ' (sc. ὅπλα) 'Ατρείδαι φωτὶ πανουργῷ φρένας ἔπραξαν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδ ̓ ἀπώσαντες κράτη.” DINDORF. Δύο, although in the dual number, is frequented constructed with a plural substantive, as in the present passage. Cf. Esch. Agam. 1395, xáv duoiv οἰμώγμασιν ; Εumen. 597, δυοῖν μιασμάτων ; Plat. Rep. p. 614. C, δύο χάσματα ἐχομένω ἀλλήλων ; Π. 9. 4, ἄνεμοι δύο ; Od. 12. 73, oi ò sủa ☛xóжsλ; Theokr. 5. 47, xgavas dúa. Elmsley, however, to Eur. Med. 798, pronounces the expression duoły raidwy, Ed. Kol. 531, ungrammatical. See Osann. Syll. Inscript, p. 86, not. 47; Göttling to Arist. Polit. pp. 367 sq.; Poppo to Thuk. 5. 84. 232. Ρίπτει. So Hermann, upon the authority of the MSS. Mosq. b. Heidelb. and others, in preference to prs, which is retained by Lobeck and other editors. Elmsley to Eur. Herakl. 150 observes that TETY is not used by the Tragedians, an opinion which is rejected by more recent critics. The Scholiast to Eur. Orest. 116 has remarked, agà Zopoxλeï καὶ γλῶτταν (sic) ῥιπτεῖ θερίσας ; in opposition to whom we read in the scholion to Epictet. Enchir. 34. 236, ed. Heyne, ρίπτω, ῥιπτήσω, παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ῥίπτει θερίσας τὴν ἄκραν γλῶτταν, καὶ τύπτω τυπτήσω. On the difference in signification, Hermann writes, "píru, nisi fallor, est jacere, PITT autem jactare." The old grammarians, also, represent these verbs to differ in meaning, but in another way. Thomas Magister, p. 327, Etym. Gud. p. 647, and our own Scholiast : ῥίπτω τὸ ἁπλῶς ῥίπτω, ῥιπτῶ δὲ τὸ μετὰ σφοδρότητος. In Trach. 780, μάρψας ποδός νιν ῥιπτεῖ, Eur. Hel. 1096, ὠλένας πρὸς οὐρανὸν ῥιπτοῦντε;, Herakl. 149, ἐς κίνδυνον ῥιπτοῦνTs, Elmsley and Hermann have restored, partly with and partly without authority from the manuscripts, the uncontracted form, which is also found in Esch. Prom. 994, 1045, Eur. Troad. 729, 764, and frequently elsewhere. For much additional information of the most valuable kind, see Lobeck's note, from which the preceding observations have been principally taken. .... 234. Μέγαν . παίει. SCHOL. : διπλώσας τὸν χαλινὸν παίει τὸν κριόν, ὡς λιγυρᾷ καὶ ὀξυφώνῳ μάστιγι. ἱπποδέτην δὲ ῥυτῆρα, χαλινὸν μέγαν· μέγαν δὲ πρὸς τὸ πικρότερον καθάψασθαι τοῦ ἐχθροῦ. Ἱπποδέτης, used by Pausanias, 9. 26. 1, as an epithet of Herakles at Thebes and Onchestos, from the circumstance of his having been the first to instruct |