..... 143 – 145. Dindorf thinks that a better arrangement of these anapaestic verses would be as follows : Ἐπὶ δυσκλείᾳ | ..... ἐπιβάντε | . . . λείαν, and in the antisystema, infra, 150, Καὶ σφόδρα πείθει· | ..... λέγει | λέξαντος | χαίρει μᾶλλον. On the phrase μεγάλοι θόρυβοι ἐπὶ δυσκλείᾳ for θόρυβοι δυσκλεεῖς, loud and malignant rumors, see Matth. Gr. Gr. 586. 7. ..... 143. ἱππομανή. SCHOL. : τινὲς τὸν μεγάλως μαινόμενον ἐξεδέξαντο· [ef. Eustathius, p. 1524, 48, ἱππομανής Αἴας, ἤγουν ὁ πάνυ μανιώδης.] ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπίστευεν ὁ χορὸς, ὅτι ἐμαίνετο ὁ Αἴας, σὲ τὸν ἵπποις μαινόμενον καὶ ἱππι· κόν· ἀλλ ̓ οἱ νησιῶται οὐχ ἱππομανοῦσιν, οὔδε ἱππήλατοί εἰσιν αἱ νῆσοι. τὸ ἱππομανῆ τοίνυν πρὸς τὸ λειμῶνα ἐκληπτέον. Αλλως, ἱππομανῆ ἢ αὐτὸν λέγει τὸν Αἴαντα, ὡς μεγάλως μαινόμενον, ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς· ἡ γὰρ τῶν ἵππων μανία χαλεπωτέρα ἐστίν· ἢ ἐπὶ ἵπποις μαινομένον. ὡς βούπεινα, ἤτοι τὸν μεγάλως μαινόμενον· τὸ γὰρ ἵππος ἐπὶ μεγάλου τάσσεται, ὡς ἱπποσέλινον, καὶ ἱππογνώμονα, τὸν μεγαλογνώμονα· ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ λειμῶ. νος, οἷον τὸν εὐανθῆ, ἐφ ̓ ᾧ οἱ ἵπποι μαίνονται, ἢ τὸν ἄγαν μεμη νότα, καὶ ἀνθοῦντα, καὶ ἐνυβρίζοντα τῇ χλόῃ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος. [Εἰς τὸ αὐτό.] μεγαλομανῆ, ὡς βούπεινα. Of these various interpretations, there can be no doubt that that which connects ἱππομανῆ with λειμῶνα, not in the sense given by Toup, Emendat. I. p. 272, pratum quod abundat equis, quod multos equos alit, nor in that of the Etym. M., pratum herbarum ubertate equos exstimulans, but in accordance with the more accurate exposition of the Scholiast, pratum equis pervulgatum, or quod equi persultant et perfurunt, is the more correct. Musgrave compares Strab. 14, p. 1003, τὰ πεδία ὑλομανεῖ. Theophrast. H. P. 8. 4. 7, δένδρα φυλλομανοῦντα, and iu proof of the fact mentioned by Nikander, Ther. 669, that the ἵππου λειμώνες were situated in the immediate neighbourhood of Troy, cites Hom. Il. 20, 221, Quint. Cal. II. 486, Virg. Georg. 3. 269, Plutarch. V. Eumen. p. 1073. HESYCHIUS: ὑλομανής, ὁ ταῖς ὕλαις χαίρων. With the passive signification here attributed to ἱππομανής, compare the similar use of fsoμανής and ἡλιομανής. 145. Βοτὰ καὶ λείαν. The MS. La. βωτά. Schneider erroneously supposes that by these words two distinct classes of cattle, the one strictly their own, the other obtained by plunder, are meant. On the contrary, the expression, for which a prose-writer would have used either an adjective in agreement, or λείαν as a mere appositum with βοτά, is exactly analogous to ποίμναι καὶ ξύμμικτα λείας at v. 55 above. Cf. v. 1005, μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας ; Εur. Iph. Τ. 1411, δεσμὰ καὶ βρόχους. 147. αἴθωνιο SCHOL. : λαμπρῶ. " It is quite evident that σίδηρος is here called alwv on account of its black color, or its brilliancy. We find in the same sense, v. 225 below, συγκατάκτας κελαινοῖς ξίφεσιν βοτά. Nor are we to receive the expression of the poet at Trach. 845, ἰὼ κελαινὰ λόγχα προμάχου δορός, in a different signification, although the Scholiast there gives a diametrically opposite interpretation. In precisely the same way, moreover, as iron is here called awv, is the epithet alóλos applied to κνώδων at v. 969 of this play. Cf. Trach. 94, αἰόλα νύξ.” WUNDER. The expression is Homeric, as may be learnt from Il. 4. 485, 7.473. 148. Τοιούσδε . . πλάσσων. SCHOL. : ὁ νοῦς· οὐδὲν ἐχυρὸν εἰδὼς ὁ Ὀδυσσεὺς πλάττει ψευδεῖς λόγους, ἀκούσας μόνον, ὡς ἴοις σὺν νεοῤῥάντῳ ξίφει. καλῶς δὲ καὶ τὸ ψιθύρους λόγους ἀντὶ τοῦ διαβόλους, ὡς διὰ πανουργίαν ἀδεῶς οὐ λέγοντος, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἕνα ἕκαστον, ἐξαπατῶντα λάθρα πλάσσων, forging, fabricating. Cf. Æsch. Prom. 1032, ὅδ ̓ οὐ πεπλασμένος ὁ κόμπος, this is no made-up, or fabricated vaunt ; Xen. Mem. 2. 6. 37, οὐκ ἂν ἐθέλοις πλάσας τι εἰπεῖν ἐπὶ τῇ ἐμῇ ὠφελείᾳ ; Plat. Phadr. p. 246. C, πλάττομεν οὔτε ἰδόντες οὐδ ̓ ἱκανῶς νοήσαντες θεόν ; Demosth. p. Cor. p. 268. 121, τί λόγους πλάττεις; p. 305. 232, παραδείγματα πλάττων. In this metaphorical signification, the middle is much more frequently employed. See Kühner's Gr. Gr. 366. 6, ed. Jelf; Blomfield, Gl. in Prom. 1066; and compare Xen. Αn. 2. 6. 26, πλάσασθαι ψευ δῆ ; Demosth. p. 408, προφάσεις πλάττονται; p. Cor. 228. 10, δῆλον γὰρ, ὡς ὁμοίως ἅπαντ ̓ ἐπλάττετο, where see Bremi; Lys. p. 157. 23, τὸν τρόπον τὸν αὐτοῦ πλάττεσθαι. Wesseling renders λόγους ψιθύρους clandestinas obtrectationes; Ellendt, susurrantes. Cf. Pind. Pyth. 2. 75. The Scholiast to Theokr. 1. 1 observes, ψίθυρος ἀπὸ τοῦ ψίω τὸ λεπτύνω παρὰ τὸ ψίθος, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν λοιδορίαν . . . . τινὲς δὲ ὀνοματοποιεῖσθαί φασιν ὡς τὸ σίζε. . · κυρίως δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ψευδομένων λέγεται. In the Ep. ad Rom. i. 30, and frequently in the New Testament, ψιθυριστής is used in the sense of a whisperer, a slanderer; and in Demosth. p. 1358. 6, as an epithet of Hermes. Το ψιθυρίζειν διαβάλλειν, in Plato and Lucian. The old grammarians refer the origin of these words to ios; whilst some suppose the latter to be connected with ios, and thence with ψεύδομαι. The same characteristics are assigned to Odysseus by Virgil, #n. 2. 97, 125, 164. = 151. Εὔπειστα. The MSS. La. Γ. Harl. Ien. εὔπιστα, approved by Neue, Wunder, and Dindorf. SCHOL. : εὔπιστα λέγει· ὅτι ἐν ἀτυχίᾳ καθέστηκας, τῆς ἥττης χάριν· ἢ ἐπεὶ μέγας εἶχες τὸν φθόνον συμπράτ τοντα. The rest of the manuscripts and Aldus εὔπειστα, which is supported by the old gloss εὐκόλως πειθόμενα, and furnishes a more appror riate meaning. For more is said of things quæ facile creduntur, and sturta of those de quibus facile persuadetur. Cf. Arist. Eth. N. 7. 9. 2, sioì de τινες καὶ ἐμμενετικοὶ τῇ δόξῃ, οὓς καλοῦσιν ἰσχυρογνώμονας, οἷον δύσπειστοι καὶ οὐκ εὔπειστοί. 153. Tois rois axrow natußgilwv. Lobeck has adhered to the punctuation of the common copies, and placed a comma after paλov. But the participle must be joined with xaigs, or the passage will yield a very flat and spiritless sense. Render, And every one who hears, in a still higher degree than he who has recounted (them), joys in malignant triumph over thy misfortunes. On the construction of natußgilwv with the dativus incommodi, see Kühner's Gr. Gr. 629, Obs. ed. Jelf, and compare Hdt. 1. 212, τριτημορίδι τοῦ στρατοῦ καθυβρίσας ; Plut. Symp. VII. καθυβρί σας τοῖς ἄνθεσι ; Pausan. 4. 27. 3, τῇ θυσίᾳ ἡ Hdt. 7. 9, τοὺς ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ κατοικημένους οὐκ ἐάσεις καταγελάσαι ἡμῖν. .... 154. δείς. SCHOL. : ἀφιείς, τοξεύων. ἀπὸ κοινοῦ δὲ τὸ τίς. κατὰ μὲν τῶν μεγάλων ψυχῶν ἱείς τις οὐκ ἂν ἁμάρτοι, κατ ̓ ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱείς τις οὐ πείθοι Tov ánovovra. Elmsley to Eur. Med. 188 suggested åμágros, and this reading was subsequently found in the MS. La. m. pr. and also in a MS. Suidas ap. Pors. Adv. p. 184. The subject of the verb, as pointed out by the Scholiast and as required by the concinnitas sententiarum, must be taken from the participle. Cf. Esch. Agam. 69, ol' ironλaiwr. ὀργὰς ἀτενεῖς παραθέλξει ; Hes. Opp. 12, τὴν μέν κεν ἐπαινήσεις νοήσας. On the construction of isis with the genitive, see Kühner's Gr. Gr. 506, ed. Jelf; and on 4x in the signification here intended, Antig. 1069, Elektr. 775, Philokt. 715, Ed. Kol. 499. With the sentiment expressed in this passage, the Oxford translator aptly compares Juv. 8. 140: Omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se Crimen habet, quanto major, qui peccat, habetur. Wolsey, in Shakspeare's Henry VIII. Act 1. Sc. 2: "If I am traduced by tongues which neither know My faculties nor person, yet will be SCHOL. : τὸν ἔχοντα· λείπει τὸ εὖ 157. Πρὸς γὰρ τὸν ἔχονθ', κ.τ.λ. πρὸς τὸν εὖ ἔχοντα, cujus res bene se habeant, This explanation, however, and that of the old gloss ròv irigixovra, are rejected by Hermann, who observes truly, "Oixovrss sunt divites, opulenti, factiosi, potentes." See Valckn. to Eur. Phon. 408; Wetsten. ad Matth. xiii. 12; Cic. de Offic. II. 20 ; Ep. ad Fam. VII. 29; and compare Eur. Alk. 58, πρὸς τῶν ἐχόντων, Φοῖβε, τὸν νόμον τίθης ; Suppl. 240, Οἱ δ ̓ οὐκ ἔχοντες, καὶ σπανίζοντες βίου — Εἰς τοὺς ἔχοντας κέντρ ̓ ἀφιᾶσιν κακά. The Scholiast cites, in illustration of the thought, Pind. Nem. 8. 21, ὄψον δὲ λόγοι φθονε ροῖσιν· ἅπτεται δ ̓ ἐσλῶν ἀεί, χειρόνεσσι δ ̓ οὐκ ἐρίζει. On the double ἄν with the negation in the preceding sentence, see Kühner's Gr. Gr. 432, Obs. 1, ed. Jelf. 158. Eustathius, p. 1124. 27, ἐκ δὲ τούτων ὡς καὶ ἐξ ἄλλων δῆλον ὡς οἱ μικροί τε κατὰ τὴν τραγῳδίαν μεγάλων χωρὶς σφαλεροὶ πολεμεῖν εἰσι· καὶ μέγας δὲ ὀρθοῖτο ἂν ὑπὸ σμικροτέρων. The fact previously stated, that the great are envied by their inferiors in station, is shown to be absurd from the consideration that the "plebs sine principibus infirmum civitatis præsidium est.” Upon this point, Musgrave acutely remarks: “ Vereor ne poeta, qui optimatum partes secutus videtur, civium suorum levitatem et in principes civitatis procacitatem notare hic voluerit." Cf. infra, v. 1015, sq., and see Wunder to Ed. Tyr. 846. SUIDAS : Ρῦμα φυλακή· χαλε 159. Σφαλερὸν πύργου ῥῦμα πέλονται. πὸν πύργου ῥῦμα πέλεται, τουτέστιν εὐτελὴς (SCHOL. : ἐπισφαλής) φυλακὴ πόλεως. Hermann follows these authorities by interpreting munimentum civitatis, which would require πύργων. Wunder, comparing Ed. Tyr. 56, ὡς οὐδέν ἐστιν οὔτε πύργος οὔτε ναῦς, κ.τ.λ, understands πύργος as said of the arx, or citadel, in which a king resides; "in qua arce si plebs sine principe sit, eam se tuituram esse negat." Lobeck believes that the expression is periphrastic for the simple πύργος, and cites Alkæos ap. Schol. Æsch. Pers. 349, ἀνδρὸς γὰρ πόλεως πύργος ἀρήιος ; Eur. Iph. Aul. 189, ἀσπίδος ἔρυμα ; Oppian, Cyn. 2. 588, σκέπας αὐτοςόφοιο μελάθρου of the tail of a squirrel; remarking, also, that “a hero who protects others may be termed not only ῥῦμα πύργου, οι πυργοειδές, tutamen quale turres præbent, ein Thurnschutz, but with equal appropriateness πύργος ἐρύματος, ein Schutzthurm." In defence of this opinion of the last-mentioned scholar, that πύργου ῥῦμα is πύργος in the sense of presidium, compare, in addition to the passages just cited, Eur. Med. 373, ἢν μέν τις ἡμῖν πύργος ἀσφαλὴς φανῇ ; Alkest. 302, καὶ παῖς μὲν ἀρσὴν πατέρ ̓ ἔχει πύργον μέγαν ; Fr. Inc. 44, ἅπας μοι πύργος Ελλήνων πατρίς ; with many other passages in which úgyos is thus figuratively used; and for a somewhat similar periphrasis, see v. 14 supra. .... 160, 161. Μετὰ γὰρ ὑπὸ μικροτέρων. In illustration of the senti ment conveyed by these lines, Lobeck quotes Clem. Ep. ad Cor. i. 37, οἱ μεγάλοι χωρὶς τῶν μικρῶν οὐ δύνανται εἶναι, οὔτε οἱ σμικροὶ δίχα τῶν μεγά λων, where see Jacobson. On the latter verse the Scholiast writes : οὐκ ἔστιν ἐναντίος ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὔξησιν ἔχει. εἰ γὰρ ὁ μέγας ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐλάττονος διασώζεται, πόσῳ τῶν μειζόνων ἔχεσθαι χρή; κοινωνικὸς δὲ ὁ λόγος καὶ φιλάνθρωπος. καὶ Ὅμηρος • Συμφερτὴ δ ̓ ἀρετὴ πέλει ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλα λυγρῶν. (ΙΙ. 13. 237.) Musgrave and Erfurdt think that the verb gów here, as frequently in Sophokles, is borrowed from the application of the adjective to ships, which are said to be iglaí when they maintain an upright position in the water, and heel over to neither side. Cf. Antig. 83, 167, 190, 994; Ed. Tyr. 695. This, however, is incorrect, for the reference is here not to a ship, but to a tower; and the verb, moreover, is employed in evident antithesis to σφαλερόν. Cf. Xen. Mem. 2. 4. 6, σφαλλομένους δὲ πλεῖστα ἐπανορθῶν ; Soph. Elektr. 408, πολλά τοι σμικροί λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς. On μικροτέρων (ef. Ar. Eqq. 786), see Matth. Gr. Gr. 135, redun 163. Τούτων. SCHOL. : τῶν λεχθέντων. .... γνώμας προδιδάσκειν, rectam rationem impertire. Gaisford teaches that the preposition dant, referring for similar examples to Heindorf ad Plat. Gorg. p. 145. Cf. Trach. 681 ; Philokt. 1015 ; Plat. Gorg. p. 489. D, πραότερόν τε προδίδασκε (where the Scholiast : περιττεύει ἡ πρόθεσις Αττικῶς); Id. Euthyd. ή p. 302. C; Hipp. Maj. p. 291. B. Woolsey ad Plat. Gorg. 1. c. observes that "gó means forwards, and that it is prefixed without adding much to the meaning of the verbs (προδιδάσκειν, προμανθάνειν), because the idea of advance is involved in learning and teaching." 66 164. θορυβεί, art clamored against. Cf. Thuk. S. 50, θορυβούμενος δὲ ὁ Φρύνιχος, καὶ πάνυ ἐν τῷ μεγίστῳ κινδύνω ὤν ; Plut. Camill. 29, θορυβη θεὶς πρὸς ταῦτα ; Nic. 28, Ερμοκράτης μὲν εἰπὼν, ὅτι τοῦ νικᾶν κρεῖττόν ἐστι τὸ καλῶς χρῆσθαι τῇ νίκη, οὐ μετρίως ἐθορυβήθη ; Luc. Bacch. 5, θορυβηθεὶς τῷ παραδόξῳ τοῦ πράγματος. 166. ̓Απαλέξασθαι. SCHOL. : ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀντιτάξασθαι. In the manuscripts used by Triclinius, the last word, ἄναξ, is wanting, but was restored by Dawes, Misc. Cr. p. 224. .... 167. ̓Αλλ' ὅτε γὰρ δὴ . . . . In the MSS. Lips. a. γάρ is omitted, and in the quotation of the verse by Thomas M. p. 14. 4, δή. 168. Παταγοῦσιν . ἄφωνοι. The MS. La. exhibits ärg for är in the lemma of the scholion, and this is received by Wunder. SCHOL. : ἅπερ πτηνῶν ἀγέλαι· θηλυκῷ τῷ ἀγέλαι ἐπήγαγεν ἀρσενικὴν μετοχὴν τὴν ὑποδείσαντες, πρὸς τὸ νοητόν· ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ἀγέλαις εἰσὶ καὶ ἄρσενες καὶ θήλειαι· ὁ δὲ νοῦς· διὰ τοῦτο κομπάζουσι, σοῦ ἀφανοῦς ὄντος, ὡς πτῆνων ἀγέλαι παταγοῦντες· καὶ τοῦτο εἰς τὸν κενὸν ψόφον. This passage has given the |