The ultimate purpose of the network of arms control agreements we have already negotiated and which are currently being negotiated, is to bring about a more peaceful world. Pushing back the shadow of nuclear war must be our constant concern. That, indeed, is the underlying purpose of all of the numerous agreements for constructive cooperation which our two countries have concluded in recent years.

I welcome the accomplishments we mark here today. And I hope it will lead to further achievements in building a stable and a just peace for our two peoples and for all mankind.

I will send these two treaties to the Senate for the earliest possible consideration and urge that the Senate grant its advice and consent to their ratification.

I will now sign the Treaty and the Protocol on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes between the United States and the Soviet Union.

I have signed these documents which will contribute significantly to lasting peace and a future of better relations among all nations, and I thank you all for being here today.

Thank you very much.

Remarks by General Secretary Brezhnev at the Signing of the Treaty and Protocol on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes, May 28, 19761

Esteemed comrades! Gentlemen! The US-USSR Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes is being signed today [May 28] in Moscow and Washington. President G. Ford has signed it for the American side."

The decision to draft such a treaty was made during the SovietAmerican summit meetings. Now it has been put into practical effect. This gives us a feeling of satisfaction.

It can confidently be said that a useful thing has been done. The new treaty is designed to ensure that the underground nuclear explosions it covers are used precisely and solely for peaceful purposes. The necessary guarantees on this score, including provisions for verification, have been provided. At the same time, the treaty will facilitate the development of cooperation between the USSR and the US in the peaceful use of atomic energy, and other countries will gain thereby.

In combination with agreements reached previously, the treaty constitutes another link in the chain of measures aimed at restraining the growth of armaments and achieving the goal of general and complete cessation of nuclear weapons tests.

2

1 Current Digest of the Soviet Press, Vol. XXVIII, No. 22 (June 30, 1976), p. 1. Ante, pp. 328–332.

3 Supra.

The fact that the treaty is a concrete step in the positive development of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States of America is also of undoubted political significance.

In speaking of the achieved success-the conclusion of a treaty on peaceful nuclear explosions-one at the same time cannot help recalling that a number of major problems still await solution. Among them is the completion of the drafting of a new long-term agreement between the USSR and the US on strategic arms limitation. In this connection, I should like to emphasize again that, for its part, the Soviet Union is continuing to do everything in its power toward this end.

In cooperation with other countries, we are prepared to move energetically along a broad front of measures leading to the curbing of the arms race and to disarmament. There is no loftier or more humane goal than the all-round strengthening of peace and international security and the reliable elimination of the threat of war from relations among states.

Guided by this goal, our Party's 25th Congress advanced a program of concrete actions whose implementation would not only put an end to the continuing dangerous arms buildup but would also ensure a decisive transition to the physical reduction of weapons stockpiles and to real disarmament. Governments and responsible leaders of states should be clearly aware that the urgent need to resolve these questions is dictated by life itself.

Statement by the Government of Japan on Depositing Its Instruments of Ratification of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, June 8, 19761

Today the Government of Japan is depositing its instruments of ratification of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons with the Governments of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States, and Japan becomes a party to this treaty.2

Japan, as the only nation to have suffered atomic bombing, has consistently followed a fundamental policy of forsaking nuclear armament and has steadfastly pursued the foreign policy of a nation committed to peace under its peace constitution. On the occasion of the depositing of its instruments of ratification of this treaty, the Government of Japan declares anew to the world this fundamental policy. It firmly believes that Japan's adherence to this treaty will contribute to stability in international relations, and, in particular, to peace and stability in Asia.

Japan, as a party to this treaty, is determined hereafter to identify its efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and to con

1 State Department files.

For treaty text, see Documents on Disarmament, 1968, pp. 461–465.

tribute to international cooperation with respect to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

This treaty permits only the nuclear-weapon states to possess nuclear weapons and allows them a special status. The Government of Japan holds the belief that the nuclear-weapon states must rectify this discrimination in the future by totally abolishing their nuclear weapons. To achieve this end, the Government of Japan is determined to make special efforts for the furthering of nuclear disarmament.

On the basis of these fundamental considerations, the Government of Japan stresses especially the following points:

1. The Government of Japan hopes that as many states as possible, whether possessing a nuclear explosive capability or not, will become parties to this treaty in order to make it truly effective. In particular, it strongly hopes that the Republic of France and the People's Republic of China, which possess nuclear weapons but are not parties to this treaty, will accede thereto.

2. The Government of Japan urges the nuclear-weapon states, which have special responsibilities for nuclear disarmament, to take concrete nuclear disarmament measures such as the reduction of nuclear arms and the realization of a comprehensive nuclear test ban, in accordance with Article VI of this treaty. It urges the nuclear-weapon states not party to this treaty also to take nuclear disarmament measures. 3. The Government of Japan takes particular note of the declarations in June 1968 of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States concerning the security of non-nuclear-weapon states, as well as of Security Council Resolution 255 (1968), and hopes that the nuclear-weapon states will make further efforts towards effective measures for the security of non-nuclear-weapon states. It further urges all states, both nuclear-weapon states and non-nuclear-weapon states, to refrain, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, from the threat or use of force in their international relations involving either nuclear or non-nuclear weapons.

4. The Government of Japan is convinced that, for the well-being of all mankind, international cooperation with respect to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and the peaceful applications of nuclear explosions should be vigorously promoted in accordance with the provisions of this treaty. It considers that peaceful nuclear activities in nonnuclear-weapon states party to the treaty should in no way be hampered by this treaty and also that Japan should not be discriminated against in favor of other states party to the treaty in any aspect of such activities.

5. The Government of Japan appreciates the declarations of the United Kingdom and the United States, both nuclear-weapon states, that they will accept the application of safeguards of the International

Atomic Energy Agency to their peaceful nuclear activities. It urges the other nuclear-weapon states to take similar action.

6. The Government of Japan hopes that review conferences, as provided for in this treaty, will continue to be held at regular intervals in order to ensure the appropriate operation of this treaty.

Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance (Maw): ACDA's Role in Decisions Concerning Provision of Defense Articles and Services, June 14, 19761

BACKGROUND

My February 17, 1976 memorandum on this subject recognized that authority to implement some categories of defense transfers of concern to ACDA had previously been delegated to the Department of Defense. In order to ensure full compliance with the provisions of Public Law 94-141 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1976),3 I requested that PM in conjunction with ACDA enter into discussions with DOD on an urgent basis to establish appropriate new procedures. The discussions have now been completed and have resulted in development of the following procedures to supplement those implemented by my previous memorandum. These additional procedures are effective immediately.

GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT SALES

The following additional procedures will apply to all governmentto-government sales of defense articles and services:

(1) PM will promptly provide ACDA for review a weekly listing obtained from DOD of all new purchase requests recorded by DOD during the preceding week. ACDA will promptly obtain through PM such additional information as may be needed.

(2) As soon as possible, but in any case within seven (7) calendar days, ACDA will advise PM in writing of any reservations it may have concerning any proposed arms purchases identified in paragraph (1) above, and PM will take action as appropriate on a timely basis. If ACDA requires a longer period for evaluation of any case, it will so advise DOD through PM. If prompter action is required on an individual case, DOD will arrange with ACDA through PM for more immediate provision of a fully coordinated response.

(2) DOD will not issue a letter of offer or a letter of intent for any item until the associated purchase request has appeared for at least seven (7) calendar days on the listings provided to PM for ACDA, unless a separate deadline has been specifically arranged with PM as provided in paragraph (2) above.

TRANSFERS INVOLVING MILITARY ASSISTANCE GRANT FUNDS

The following additional procedures will apply to all transfers of defense articles and services involving military assistance grant funds:

(1) PM will promptly provide ACDA with weekly listings obtained from DOD of the latest proposed Military Assistance Programs. Such listings will be by country and include detailed data as to nomenclature and quantities of major items programmed. For this purpose, major items are defined as all items for which the unit of measure is expressed as other than a dollar value. PM will also provide ACDA two copies of the DOD Congressional Presentation Document for grant military assistance programs.

(2) As soon as possible, but in any case within seven (7) calendar days, ACDA will advise PM in writing of any reservations it may have concerning the proposed transfer of any major items listed in the documents mentioned in paragraph (1) above. PM will take action, as appropriate, and notify DOD on a timely basis of any reservations reported by ACDA. If ACDA requires more than seven (7) days for evaluation of an individual item, it will so advise DOD through PM. If prompter action is required on an individual item, DOD will arrange with PM for more immediate provision of a fully coordinated

response.

(3) DOD will not make contractual commitments on any major Military Assistance items until the proposed action has appeared for at least seven (7) calendar days on the listings provided to PM for ACDA, unless a separate deadline has been specifically arranged with PM as provided for in paragraph (2) above.

GENERAL COMMENTS

Please remember that compliance with the spirit of the new legislation requires that ACDA be involved in issues concerning the provision of defense articles and services at the earliest possible moment in the decision-making process, so that ACDA opinions can be taken into account as required by law in a timely and effective manner. I again urge all concerned to be mindful of ACDA's legitimate interests and to involve ACDA in deliberations accordingly as early as possible.

Statement by ACDA Director Iklé to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy: Export Reorganization Act of 1976, June 22, 19761

Mr. Chairman and members of the Joint Committee, I appreciate having the opportunity of appearing before you this afternoon to pre

1S. 1439: Export Reorganization Act of 1976: Hearing before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, Ninety-fourth Congress, Second Session, June 22, 1976 [vol. I], pp. 64–66.