Charles Bentinck, and other branches of the Portland family; also of the late sir William Jones. He was first settled at Chenies, Bucks, from whence he went as curate to Yarmouth, in the Isle of Wight, where he continued four or five years; thence he removed to the neighbourhood of Stokenchurch, Oxon; but finding his voice fail, and feeling his strength unequal to what he considered the due performance of his clerical duties required, he from this time, being | then about sixty years of age, declined all further service in the church. He was a sincere Christian, as the tenor of his life, and the manner of his death bore testimony. He was a true friend, a most pleasant companion, and a good scholar; and having his mind well stored with every variety of literary and convivial anecdotes, his company was eagerly sought by his friends. He died, aged seventy-eight years.

prohibiting its being brought into the state by the American government. At the close of the war, Mr. Mills came to England, and settled at Edinburgh, where he died, aged seventy-five.

1824. THEODORE EDWARD Hook, author of many novels and theatrical pieces, sold the copyright of his Sayings and Doings for £800. In 1813 he obtained the lucrative offices of accomptant-general and treasurer of the island of Mauritius.

1824, Oct. Died, DAVID CAREY, well known in the literary world by his Pleasures of Nature, and other poems; also, of Lochiel, and other novels. In 1803 Mr. Carey* edited the Poetical Magazine, and was for many years editor of the Statesman, London newspaper.

1824, Jan. The Westminster Review, No. 1. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.

third party-the radicals or ultra liberals—whe had gradually been rising into importance since the conclusion of the French revolutionary war. Accordingly the Westminster Review was com menced by a small body of literary men of this denomination of politics, of whose writings it may be sufficient to say, that with less polish and dexterity than those of their rivals, they have frequently manifested much vivacity, force, | and acuteness. Chambers.

1824, Jan. 3. Glasgow Mechanics' Magazine. 1824. The Scots Times, published at Glasgow. 1824. The Evening Post, published at Glasgow, afterwards joined with the Chronicle, and issued from the same office every Saturday.

When the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews 1824, Sept. 8. Died, JOHN WILLIAM GALABIN, addressed themselves to the two chief parties of formerly a respectable printer in Ingram-court, the nation, a want was at length felt for a similar Fenchurch-street, London; at first in partner-organ to give expression to the sentiments of a ship with the very learned Mr. William Baker, and after the death of that worthy man, in 1785, on his own account. He was also for some years an active representative in the common council for the ward of Langtown; but long after he had passed the meridian of life, having given a good education to a numerous family, meeting with some heavy and unforeseen losses, he was greatly reduced in circumstances. Possessing good health and sound animal spirits, he accepted the office of corrector of the press and superintendent of the printing office of an old and intimate friend, where he continued happy and comfortable till 1796, when he succeeded in obtaining the office of bridgemaster to the city of London. The office of bridgemaster is of considerable importance, and of some emolument. It is the gift of the livery at large, and has from time immemorial been bestowed on some worthy brother, who having seen better days, has sunk into comparative distress from unavoidable events. For many years, Mr. Galabin was the regular editor of the Court Calendar, commonly called the Red Book; and also edited several editions of Paterson's Roads. He had survived his eight sons,* who died of consumption; and, melancholy to add, had outlived himself, having for nearly a-year past entirely lost his recollection; insomuch that, on the death of his wife, aged eighty-five, which happened on the 28th of July, 1824, he was scarcely conscious of the loss, and was with difficulty convinced that he had ever been married. He died at his official residence, Bridge-street, Southwark, aged eighty-seven.

1824, Oct. 26. Died, NATHAN MILLS, printer, a native of Boston, North America, who at the evacuation of that town by the British troops, accompanied the army as editor and printer of a newspaper, under the title of the Massachusetts Gazette, against which a severe edict was issued

*Septimus Barry Galabin, stationer and bookbinder, was the last of eight sons of Mr. Galabin, and died Sept. 19, 1812, in the thirty-first year of his age.

1824, Jan. 7. The South African Commercial Advertiser, No. 1, conducted by Mr. Greig. This was the first newspaper established in the Cape of Good Hope. It was suppressed the May following, recommenced in the August of 1825, again summarily suppressed in March, 1827, and resumed in October, 1828. In April, 1829, the freedom of the press was established, and several newspapers are now published.

1824, Jan. 31. Anti-Slavery Magazine and Recorder. No. 1. Price threepence. 1824. Johnson's Selector, edited by Mr. W. Ainsworth,† printed by John Leigh, Manchester. 1824. The Australian, conducted by Ralph Wardell, LL.D. being the second newspaper commenced at Sydney, New South Wales. The principles of the Australian were different to those of the Gazette, and people imagined that the latter paper would soon cease, but the literary powers of Mr. Howe rose with the competitios, which instead of destroying, improved his paper

* George Saville Carey (son of Henry Carey, a dras tist and musician, and falsely said to be the author of Gal save the King,) was bred a printer, but declined business; and was an actor for one season at Covent-garden, uni the author of many theatrical pieces of considerable met. What relationship, if any, existed between these two par sons, we are not aware.

+William Ainsworth, esq. anthor of the novels o Rookwood, Crighton, Jack Shepherd, &c.

1824. The Advocate, published by William Lyon Mackenzie,* at Toronto, in Upper Canada. This paper continued for ten years, when it was incorporated with the Correspondent, and in 1836, Mr. Mackenzie started a paper called the Constitution, which in its turn absorbed the Correspondent, just before the rising in Upper Canada, at the latter end of 1837.

His name will be long remembered in the scientific world, and his writings will erect to his memory an imperishable monument.

1825, March 10. Died, JOHN PINKERTON, a voluminous historian, critic, and writer for the booksellers. In 1786 he published, in two vols. 8vo. Ancient Scottish poems, never before in print, but now published from the manuscript collection of sir Richard Maitland, of Lethington, knight, lord privy seal of Scotland, with large notes and a glossary. Pinkerton maintained that he had found the manuscript in the Pepysian library at Cambridge, and among his correspondence he sometimes alludes to the circumstance, with very admirable coolness. The forgery was one of the most audacious recorded in the annals of transcribing. He was born at Edinburgh, Feb. 17, 1758, and died at Paris in indigent circumstances, at the age of sixty-seven.

1825, Jan. 26. Died, ALEXANDER TILLOCH, LL.D. &c. editor of the Philosophical Magazine, and late part proprietor and editor of the Star, London daily newspaper. He was born at Glasgow, Feb. 28, 1759, where his father was a tobacconist, and for many years filled the office of magistrate. In 1781, Mr. Tilloch conceived the idea of stereotype printing, without having any knowledge of either Vander Mey or Ged, and in the following year he entered into partnership with the Messrs. Foulis, of Glasgow, in order to carry on the business of stereotype print- England has been profuse of literary forgeries, ing. See page 747, ante. Mr. Tilloch went to but what have they effected for their fabricators London, and the business of stereotyping was detection and shame! George Psalmanazar's suspended; on his return to Glasgow he entered was eminent for learning; Lauder's interpolainto partnership with his brother and brother-in- tions of Milton, had attractions for a well inlaw, as tobacconists, but that not answering, Mr. formed party; poor Chatterton's* were fictions Tilloch turned his attention to printing, and for never dying song; among Pinkerton's chaeither singly or in partnership, carried on that racter, that of literary impostor was of the most profession for some time in his native city. In degraded order; and the Shakspeare forgeries of 1787 he went again to London, where he spent Ireland have nothing but their boldness and the remainder of his life in literary and scientific artifice of their conception and momentary sucpursuits. In 1789, in connexion with others, cess-the power of badly copying ancient penhe purchased the Star, and became the editor. manship and stringing of plagiarisms. We have The last work which he engaged in was to super- had authors who sold their names to be prefixed intend the Mechanic's Oracle, published in to works they never read ;t on the contrary, have numbers by Henry Fisher, at the Caxton press. prefixed the names of others to their own writings, and others who committed the most audacious literary piracies-" The craft of authorship," says D'Israeli, "has many mysteries." Upon the first appearance of Akenside's‡ Pleasures of Imagination—the author's name not being prefixed-a Mr. Rolt, author of a Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, had the impudence to go over to Dublin, publish an edition, and put his name to it. Upon the fame of this he lived several months, being entertained at the

William Lyon Mackenzie, for whose apprehension sir F. Head, the governor of Upper Canada, offered a reward of €1,000, is by parentage a highlander, and is connected with some of the most respectable families in the Highlands. He was apprenticed to an ironmonger at Dundee, and was afterwards clerk to a timber merchant. After failing in business in his native village, he removed to Upper Canada, where he established himself as a printer, and commenced the Advocate, of principles keenly opposed to the government, which caused him to have many eneies, and his office to be burnt down. He, however, got heavy damages against the party. He now became leader of the opposition, and so exposed the evil doings of the dominant faction, which exposed the hard working editor, in the highest degree obnoxious to that party. This bitter animosity soon had an opportunity of gratifying itself. Mackenzie was chosen to represent the county of York in the assembly. In Upper Canada it is necessary to explain that the official party have considerable sinister influence by means of small boroughs, the credit system of disposng of lands, and the vast number of petty offices in the Lift of the executive; hence the assembly has seldom represented the people. The consequence of this, as aplied to Mackenzie's case, was, that the obnoxious patriot was made the John Wilkes of Upper Canada. He was expelled-re-elected-again expelled-re-elected once more, and expelled a third time. This aroused the people. They petitioned for a redress of their grievances, and Mr. Mackenzie was deputed to this country to support their Complaints, which were attested by 27,000 signatures. In 1933 Mr. Mackenzie returned to Upper Canada. In the following year a general election took place, and returned a considerable radical majority, of which Mackenzie was One. He was also chosen first mayor of the city of Toronto, under their new incorporation act. Just before the elec: ons, Mr. Mackenzie published a political almanack, under name of Patrick Swift. This almanack contained a aborious expose of the system of corruption in the province. another form of the materials contained in Putrick Swift. He also published the Black List, being, for the most part, These works had considerable influence on the elections.

The reader is referred to Tyrwhitt's Vindication of his Appendix to Cowley's or Chatterton's Poems, pp. 140, for some curious observations, and some facts of literary imposture.-See also D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature, vol. i. pp. 193–202. vol. vi. pp. 84–102.

+ Sir John Hill once contracted to translate Swammerdam's work on insects for fifty guineas. After the agreement with the bookseller, he recollected that he did not understand a word of the Dutch language! Nor did there exist a French translation. The work, however, was not the less done for this small obstacle. Sir John bargained with another translator for twenty-five guineas. The second translator was precisely in the same situation as the first; as ignorant, though not so well paid as the knight. He rebargained with a third, who perfectly understood his original, for twelve guineas! So that the translator, who could not translate, feasted on venison and turtle, while the modest drudge, whose name never appeared to the world, broke in patience his daily bread! Mark Akenside was born Nov. 9, 1721, at Newcastleupon-Tyne, where his father was a butcher. When he was only twenty-three years of age, he published the Pleasures of Imagination, a poem full of fine imagery, expressed in rich, copious, and musical language. He first practised physic at Northampton, and afterwards in London, where he died June 23, 1770, and was buried in the church of St. James's, Westminster.

1825. An act to allow newspapers to be printed on any sized paper, and to reduce the stamp duty on newspapers. The size of newspapers by the former act was twenty-two inches long, and seventeen and one-eighth inches wide.

1825. Among the proposals in this year, so prolific of projects, there was one for a joint stock company, or society for the encouragement of literature. There was not one word about the encouragement of literature beyond the title.

1525, Sept. 19. Died, JAMES EATON, a compositor in the printing-office of Messrs. Nichols and Son, to whom he had served a faithful and dutiful apprenticeship, and so ingratiated himself into their good opinion, as to be looked upon more in the light of a son than a dependent. He was early left an orphan, but, by the kindness of an uncle, was placed in Christ's hospital, where he imbibed those precepts which had an evident

best tables as the "ingenious Mr. Rolt." Akenside at length detected the fraud, and vindicated his right, by publishing the poem with the real author's name. Dr. Campbell, of St. Andrew's, wrote a treatise on the Authenticity of the Gospel History, and sent the manuscript to his friend and countryman, Mr. Innes, a clergyman in England. The latter published it with his own name, and, before the imposition was discovered, obtained considerable promotion as a reward of merit. Dr. Hugh Blair, and Mr. Ballantine, a friend of his, when students of divinity, wrote a poem, entitled Redemption, copies of which in MS. were handed about. They were at length surprised to see a pompous edition, in folio, dedicated to the queen, by a Mr. Dangler, as his own. 1825, April. Died, JOHN ARLISS, of Gutterlane, Cheapside, London, celebrated as one of the most elegant printers of his time. Mr. Arliss likewise possessed a considerable taste in embel-good effect on his life and conduct; and from lishing juvenile works with wood engravings, and in conjunction with Mr. Whittingham, may be said to have largely contributed to the revival of the beautiful in the art of printing. When residing in Newgate-street, Mr. Arliss established the Pocket Magazine, which attained a very extensive circulation. Besides his concern in Newgate-street, he had previously been engaged in business with Messrs. Whittingham, Huntman, Knevett, &c.; but like Didot, of Paris, the profits of Mr. Arliss's speculations did not keep pace with the approbation of the public. For some years, he had been in ill health; and through this, with other circumstances, he left a family of five young children totally un-records of the house of lords as were ordered to provided for.

1825, May 2. Died, WILLIAM HALL, proprietor of the Oxford Journal, aged seventy-five. And two days after, aged eighty-two, Joseph Mayow, many years bookkeeper on that paper. 1825, Aug. 3. Died, THOMAS NEWTON, newspaper agent, of Warwick-square, London. He was a native of Hereford, and died at Clapham. William Tayler had commenced the business of newspaper agency about 1785, and with whom Mr. Newton had been in partnership.

1825, Aug. 5. MR. JUDGE, editor of the Cheltenham Chronicle, obtained a verdict and £500 damages, at the Hereford assizes, against colonel Fitzharding Berkeley, now lord Segrave, for a most brutal and dastardly attack on that gentleman in his own house, concerning a paragraph which had appeared in the Chronicle.

1825. A law was passed rendering the name of a member of parliament unnecessary on the cover of newspapers, and thus their transmission by post became entirely open to the public, upon the condition that they "shall be sent without covers, or in covers open at the sides, and shall not contain any other paper or thing whatsoever;" also," that there shall be no writing other than the superscription upon such printed paper, or upon the cover thereof;" and in the event of these restrictions not being duly complied with, the whole of such packet is "to be charged with treble the duty of postage."

the Christian patience and resignation evinced by him in a long illness, we may humbly hope, that though he died young, he had lived long enough to secure his eternal happiness. He died at Islip, Northamptonshire, aged twentyfive years, sincerely lamented by his friends.

1825, Oct. 26. Died, JOHN M'ARTHUR, (5), aged sixty-six years. This gentleman was for more than thirty years the principal conductor of the business of the king's printing-office,* and with very few exceptions attended at the parlisment office, Westminster, daily, during that period, for the purpose of comparing with the originals all acts of parliaments, and such public

be printed. He possessed great urbanity of manners, the kindest and most friendly dis position, and a warm benevolence of heart, which rendered him the patron of the distressed wherever he found them. Of him it may be truly said, that he "did good by stealth, and blush'd to find it fame." The remembrance his virtues will be coeval with the existence all who knew his worth.

1825, Nov. 1. Died, GEORGE NICHOLSON printer and bookseller, at Stourport, in Worces tershire, aged sixty-three years. He was a native of Bradford, in Yorkshire. We cannot forbear some brief record of a man whose talents entitle him to notice; whose name we hesitate not to place with the names of Dodsley and Baskerville. Possessing like them, an ardent thirst for literature and science, like them be has also enriched our libraries with many vala able works. The Literary Miscellany, or Elegant Selections from the most Popular Authors in prose and verse, 20 vols. 18mo. is a beautiful specimen of his ingenuity in the art of printing

*On Jan. 9, 1818, died OLD JOHN, who during a peri of eighty years filled the humble, though not unimportant station of an errand carrier, or as he styled himself, the king's messenger" at his majesty's printing-office; who yielded to none of his majesty's ministers in the co ception of the dignity of his office, when entrusted wit the king's speeches, addresses, and other papers of stats He had acted with fidelity in this way from the days of s

Robert Walpole to the days of lord Liverpool, the m important in the annals of the English press.