constitutional propensity. The father died suddenly in the act of revising his Tour through Ireland. He had left his desk to procure some medicines for his wife, and dropped dead while in the act of leaving the apothecary's shop. 1818, Sept. 10. Died, STEPHEN JACKSON, for more than forty-three years the respectable proprietor and editor of the Ipswich Journal, and nephew of Mr. Craighton, who first printed that paper Feb. 17, 1739. Mr. Jackson was in the employment of Mr. Woodfall, in London, at the time the Letters of Junius* were printed. He died at Ipswich, aged seventy-one years, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Mr. Postle Jackson, as proprietor of the Ipswich Journal. 1818, Oct. 28. Died, GRIFFITH WRIGHT, proprietor of the Leeds Intelligencer, which he established in the year 1754; and was, perhaps, at the time of his death, the oldest proprietor of a newspaper in the kingdom. He died at Harehills, near Leeds, aged eighty-seven years. William Nichols was for about forty years a compositor in the Leeds Intelligencer office; he also filled several public situations in the town, viz., clerk of the markets, serjeant-at-mace, &c. and was a man much respected for his upright honest conduct. He died Dec. 22, 1815. 1818, Nov. 4. JAMES HAWLEY, JOHN JACKSON, DANIEL GULSTON, and CHARLES PRIEST, pressmen, in the employ of Mr. Thorne, printer, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street, London, were convicted, at Guildhall, of printing almanacks upon unstamped paper, from the forms they were employed to work for the stationers' company.The charge was fully proved against them, and they were sentenced to hard labour in the house of correction; Jackson and Priest, three months; Hawley, two months; and Gulston, one month. 1818, Dec. 24. Died, JAMES CRUTWELL,† proprietor and editor of the Dorchester and Sherborne Journal; in the conducting of which he displayed that love for his country, which in a narrower sphere he uniformly exemplified to every object around him. He died at Sherborne, aged forty-six years. Sir Philip Francis, son of Dr. Francis, the translator of Horace, was a miscellaneons writer of repute, and the supposed author of Junius. He died December 31, 1818. +Richard Crutwell, proprietor and editor of the Bath Chronicle, was unfortunately overlooked at the proper time. He died at Cheltenham, June 1, 1793. A conscientious performance of his duty towards God, and an unbounded benevolence towards his fellow-creatures, were his rules of action in every relation of his state and sitnation. If we consider him in a professional point of view, the deservedly celebrated Bible of bishop Wilson, in 3 vols. 4to. which he printed, and the extensive circulation of the Bath Chronicle, which his own unremitted exertion raised to respectability, are monuments of his superior skill and persevering industry. But, if we view him in the more endearing lights of a neighbour, father, and a christian, his memory takes a farther hold on our regard and respect. His friendship was warm, sincere, and active; his heart, tender and affectionate; his religion, pure and practical. This, indeed, was a principle which he never lost sight of, amid the hurry of business, or in the quiet of domestic enjoyment; genuine, fervent, and sincere, it animated him with hope in the hour of affliction, enabled him to bear the pains and languor of a tedious illness with calmness and resignation, and, when the night of the grave opened upon him, to repose his head upon the pillow of death in tranquillity and peace. 1818, Jan. 3. The Manchester Observer, No. 1. Printed and published by the proprietor, Thomas Rogerson. Saturday. This paper, after changing hands many times,* was discontinued, June 21, 1821. 1818, May 23. The Westmorland Gazette, No. 1, published at Kendal. 1818. The Scotsman, published at Edinburgh. 1818. The Edinburgh Magazine. 1818. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. 1818, Nov. 7. The Spectator, No. 1. Printed by Thomas Wilkinson, for John Knight, Manchester. Saturday. 1819, Jan. 1. Died, WILLIAM HARROD, a worthy but eccentric printer and bookseller. He was the son of a respectable printer and bookseller at Market Harborough, in Leicestershire, who was also master of the free school in that town. William was bred to his father's profession; and, after having worked some time as a journeyman in London, commenced business on his own account, at Stamford, where he became an alderman; and published the History and Antiquities of Stamford and St. Martin, compiled chiefly from the annals of the rev. F. Peck, with notes; to which is added, their present state, including Burghley, 1785, two vols. 12mo. In 1788 he projected a republication and continuation of Wright's History and Antiquities of Rutland; but the work was discontinued, after the appearance of two numbers, for want of proper encouragement. Whilst residing at Stamford, he also commenced a newspaper, of which he was the editor and the sole working printer; but the sale not being at all encouraging, he soon desisted. He afterwards removed to Mansfield; and published the History of Mansfield and its Environs, in two parts, 1804, 4to. On a smartly contested election for the town of Nottingham, Mr. Harrod compiled and published a very facetious volume, under the title of Coke and Birch. The paper war, carried on at the Nottingham election, 1803; containing the whole of the addresses, songs, squibs, &c. On the death of his father, which took place December 11, 1806, Mr. Harrod returned to Market Harborough, the place of his nativity, and published the History of Market Harborough, in Leicestershire, and its Vicinity, 1808. Here he hoped to have ended his days with comfort, but a second marriage embroiled him in difficulties, which at length compelled him to relinquish his business, and his death took place at Birmingham in consequence of an apoplectic fit. He left a son and two daughters by the first wife, and two young children by the second. Notwithshstanding his eccentricities, Mr. Harrod was much respected. Mr. James Wroe, now a bookseller at Manchester, was a proprietor of the Manchester Observer, and in the course of four months had no less than thirteen processes against him and his family, for what were deemed libels. On September 22, 1819, Mrs. Wroe and a shop boy were taken into custody for merely vending the papers (Mr. Wroe being then in prison); she had an infant only five months old at her breast, and, after being some time in custody, was discharged upon two persons giving bail for £50 each. This was the second time she was in prison within ten days. 1819. SIR THOMAS PHILLIPS, bart., of Mid-| dlehill, in Wiltshire, a diligent collector of manuscripts and rare books, erected a private press at his residence, at which he struck off from time to time a few catalogues of some of his collections, and other pieces, but none of them bears an imprint, except one, the Catalogue of Anthony à Wood's manuscripts, which has, Typis medio-montanis, in turre Lativiensi reimpressus. 1824. 1819, March. BENJAMIN FOSTER, of Blackfriars-road, London, invented an inking cylinder for the purpose of distributing the ink in more equal proportions before it is taken on the roller that passes over the types. 1819, April. Died, J. PARKHOUSE, printer and bookseller, of Tiverton, in Devonshire, of which place he was also a native, and was descended in the female line from the family of Gay, the poet. He was originally designed for the church; but on the death of his patrons, or some other disappointment, he commenced printer and bookseller. For many years he had been engaged in pre- | paring for the press a Talmudic Lexicon. He was a member of the corporation of Tiverton, and a man of singular industry and unbounded reputation.* 1819, May 18. Died, WILLIAM COKE, bookseller, at Leith, who carried on business, in the same premises, for the long period of fifty-five years, and was father of the bookselling profession in Scotland. He commenced bookseller in 1764, in the shop now occupied by Messrs. Reid and Son; and his stock, consisting principally of minor publications, and the common articles of stationery, was not very extensive. By perseverance and economy, his trade gradually increased, though it is somewhat doubtful if ever he attained to easy circumstances. He was a most indefatigable person, however; for he has been known to travel to Edinburgh three or four times in one day for the purpose of supplying the orders of his customers; and he would have performed the journey to obtain a sixpenny pamphlet. He was a ready-money dealer; and whatever he purchased was paid in cash, and carried away by him on the instant. Mr. Coke possessed a rather quick and irritable temper, and his politics being decidedly of the Mrs. Hannah Cowley, author of the Belle's Stratagem, and was born at Tiverton, in 1743. In 1772 she married Mr. Cowley, in the service of the East India Company at and other comedies, was the daughter of Mr. Parkhouse, Bengal, by whom she had several children. It was not until the year 1776 that Mrs. Cowley appeared as a dra matic writer, but such was the success of her first piece that she was induced to proceed, and produced many comedies and farces in quick succession. In all, with considerable elegance and variety of style, she combines that happy observation of natural life and manners which fur nishes well-discriminated characters, and apposite humour and satire, free from the unreal exaggerations of imagina tion. Mrs. Cowley was the "Anna Matilda" of the "Della Crusca" school. She died at Tiverton, March 11, 1809. † A calculation was made from Mr. Coke's own information, respecting his journeys between Leith and Edinburgh, when it was found that he had walked a distance more than twice equal to the circumference of the globe. The late Mr. David Ramsay, publisher of the Courant, used to compare him to a squirrel in a cage, always endeavouring to get to the top. Pitt school, he was often embroiled in some laughable altercations. One day, having overheated himself so much in walking from Leith to Edinburgh, that on arriving at his friend bailie Creech, the publisher's shop, he sent for a small quantity of whiskey to bathe his forehead, as the fatigue had produced a very severe headache. Creech, who entered whilst the remedy was applying, exclaimed-" Bless me! what's that you are doing Mr. Coke?" "Rubbing my head with whiskey," was the reply. "No won der," rejoined the civic Joe Miller, "that you are so very hot-headed" Mr. Coke lived to be above eighty years of age. He was married and had a family. His son went to sea, and was never heard of. Three of his daughters resided in Edinburgh; we cannot say how many are alive. -From Kay's Edinburgh Portraits. 1819, May 24. WILLIAM RUTT, printer and stereotype founder at Shacklewell, near London, obtained a patent for improvements in printing machines, which improvements do not extend to the inking apparatus: 1819. Messrs. Perkins and Co. of Philadel phia, introduced into London a mode of engraying on soft steel, which, when hardened, wil multiply fine impressions indefinitely. 1819, June. Died, FRANCIS WILLIAM BLAGDEN, an active and laborious writer for the press, and some time co-editor of the Morning Post. He began his career as a horn-boy to vend the Sun, whenever it contained extraordinary news; then became amanuensis to the late Mr. Willich, under whom he studied the German and French languages, and afterwards set up for himself as editor of a monthly volume of translated travels. He soon after appeared as editor of an annual volume, called the Flowers of Literature, and as conductor of a newspaper called the Phœniz.He commenced a Sunday newspaper, called the Political Register, in opposition to Mr. William Cobbett, but was ruined by the speculation. As none of these, nor other projects, would provide for a growing family, he latterly lived on a salary derived from assisting in the management of the Morning Post. Incessant care undermined his constitution, and he sunk under a general decline in the forty-second year of his age. His connections and immediate interests led him to support the administration and measures of the day; but in his private character he was amiable, ingenuous, and benevolent. Mr. Blagden had long in his possession a copy of the Book, as it was emphatically denominated, and announced his intention of publishing its contents in his newspaper, but was prevented by an injunction from the lord chancellor. 1819, June 9. Died, ROBERT PECK, for upwards of twenty years the printer and proprietor of the Hull Packet. He died at Kingston-upon Hull, aged forty-five years, much respected. * Flowers of Literature, 1802-9, 7 vols. 12mo. The earl volumes were compiled in association with the late F. Prevost. + Letters to the Princess of Wales, comprising the ce true History of the celebrated Book, Svo. 1913. 1819, June 16. Died, THOMAS HALL, for many years the highly respected proprietor of the Worcester Herald." He died at his residence at Cheltenham, aged sixty-three years. 1819. The English church missionary society sent out Mr. Thomas Brown to Benares, a large and celebrated city of great antiquity, situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, capital of the district of Benares, in Hindostan, with all the materials of a printing establishment. 1819, June. Mr. Daniel Lizars, engraver, of Edinburgh, invented a method of engraving upon copper to imitate a wood cut, the first specimen of which appeared in the frontispiece to Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk, three vols. 8vo. 1819. 1819. MATTHEW WEST, printer, Capel-street, Dublin, introduced the first public stereotype foundry into Ireland. was set to work, upon the ships being icelocked for the winter, in Winter Harbour, off Melville island, situate in the North polar sea, in latitude 74 N. longitude 112 W. and the above paper was published until the 20th of March, 1820, when No. 21, closed the labours of the press.This paper was afterwards reprinted in London. 1819, Dec. 15. A meeting of booksellers and printers, resident in the city of London and the neighbourhood thereof, was held at the London coffee-house, Ludgate-hill, to consider the provisions of a bill then before parliament, for the more effectual prevention and punishment of blasphemous and seditious libels, Joseph Butterworth, esq. in the chair. The resolutions embodied in this petition, for eloquence and argument, are not to be surpassed by any production of the same nature. Its effect was, to place 1819, June 26. The premises of Messrs. Botany Bay one stage more distant, by the interBensley and Son, printers, extending from Bolt-vention of such a trifle as "simple banishment" court to the back of Gough-square, Fleet-street, at the offender's own expense, to a foreign London, totally destroyed by fire, including the country. printing offices, warehouses, and a part of the dwelling-house in Bolt-court, formerly the residence of Dr. Johnson; several other houses were much damaged. 1819. Composition rollers were introduced to the profession, which rapidly became general. 1819. Stereotype applied in printing tabular work, in Coxhead's Ready Reckoner, and of Logarithms. 1819, July 12. Died, ROBERT CHRISTOPHER, printer and bookseller, at Stockton-upon-Tees, Durham, in his sixty-ninth year. He had been in business nearly fifty years. During the whole of this period he was remarkable for assiduity, punctuality, and scrupulous integrity; wheresoever known he was respected. His whole life was marked by such liberality and benificence, as more know how to praise, than how to imitate. 1819, Nov. 16. RICHARD CARLISLE, bookseller, Fleet-street, London, convicted of publishing Paine's Age of Reason, and sentenced to three years' imprisonment in Dorchester jail, and fined £1500. 1819. The Indicator. This was a weekly publication by Leigh Hunt, and was a professed attempt to revive the interest that had been taken more than a century before, in such periodical essays, recommended neither by party politics nor any other stimulus derived from the topics and passions of the day, but addressing themselves to our common humanity in its permanent tastes and affections. We fear the design was not crowned with any very large success. The circulation of the work was but limited; and the lot of the author was to find at most "fit audience, though few." In 1834 the papers were collected, and published in two volumes, crown 8vo. price 12s. 1819, Nov. 1. The North Georgia Gazette and Winter Chronicle, No. 1. During the voyage undertaken for the discovery of a north-west passage by captain Edward Parry, in the ships Hecla and Griper, in 1819 and 1820, a printing press, which had been taken on board the Hecla, 1819, Dec. 30. Act 60 Geo. III. c. viii.-For the more effectual prevention and punishment of blasphemous and seditious Libels : 1. That from and after the passing of the act, in every case in which any verdict or judgment by default shall be had against any person for composing, printing, or publishing any blasphemous libel, or any seditious libel, tending to bring into hatred or contempt the person of his majesty, his heirs or successors, or the regent, or the government and constitution of the united kingdom as by law established, or either house of parliament, or to excite his majesty's subjects to attempt the alteration of any matter in church or state as by law established, otherwise than by lawful means, it shall be lawful for the judge, or the court before whom or in which such verdict shall have been given, or the court in which such judgment by default shall be had, to make an order for the seizure and carrying away and detaining in safe custody, in such manner as shall be directed in such order, all copies of the libel which shall be in the possession of the person against whom such verdict or judgment shall have been had, or in the possession of any other person named in the order for his use; evidence upon oath having been previously given to the satisfaction of such court or judge, that a copy or copies of the said libel is or are in the possession of such other person for the use of the person against whom such verdict or judgment shall have been had as aforesaid; and in every such case it shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, or for any constable or other peace-officer acting under any such order, or for any person or persons acting with or in aid of any such justice of the peace, constable, or other peaceofficer, to search for any copies of such libel in any house, building, or other place whatsoever belonging to the person against whom any such verdict or judgment shall have been had, or to any other person so named, in whose possession any copies of any such libel, belonging to the person against whom any such verdict or judg ment shall have been had, shall be; and in case admission shall be refused or not obtained within a reasonable time after it shall have been first demanded, to enter by force by day into any such house, building, or place whatsoever, and to carry away all copies of the libel there found, and to detain the same in safe custody until the same shall be restored under the provisions of this act, or disposed of according to any further order made in relation thereto. 2. That if in any case as aforesaid judgment shall be arrested, or if, after judgment shall have been entered, the same shall be reversed upon any writ of error, all copies so seized shall be forthwith returned to the person or persons from whom the same shall have been so taken as aforesaid, free of all charge and expense, and without the payment of any fees whatever; and in every case in which final judgment shall be entered upon the verdict so found against the person or persons charged with having composed, printed, or published such libel, then all copies so seized shall be disposed of as the court in which such judgment shall be given shall order and direct. 3. Provided that in Scotland, in every case in which any person or persons shall be found guilty before the court of justiciary, of composing, printing, or publishing any blasphemous or seditious libel, or where sentence of fugitation shall have been pronounced against any person or persons, in consequence of their failing to appear to answer to any indictment charging them with having composed, printed, or published any such libel, then and in either of such cases, it shall and may be lawful for the said court to make an order for the seizure, carrying away, and detaining in safe custody, all copies of the libel in the possession of any such person or persons, or in the possession of any other person or persons named in such order, for his or their use, evidence upon oath having been previously given to the satisfaction of such court or judge, that a copy or copies of the said libel is or are in the possession of such other person for the use of the person against whom such verdict or judgment shall have been had as aforesaid; and every such order so made shall and may be carried into effect, in such and the same manner as any order made by the court of justiciary, or any circuit court of justiciary, may be carried into effect according to the law and practice of Scotland: provided always, that in the event of any person or persons being reponed against any such sentence of fugitation, and being thereafter acquitted, all copies so seized shall be forthwith returned to the person or persons from whom the same shall have been so taken as aforesaid; and in all other cases, the copies so seized shall be disposed of in such manner as the said court may direct. 4. That if any person shall be legally convicted of having, after the passing of this act, composed, printed, or published any blasphemous libel or any other seditious libel as aforesaid, and shall, after being so convicted, offend a second time, and be thereof legally convicted before any commission of oyer and terininer or gaol delivery, or in his majesty's court of king's bench, such person may, on such second conviction, be adjudged, at the discretion of the court, either to suffer such punisment as may now by law be inflicted in cases of high misdemeanors, or to be banished from the united kingdom, and all other parts of his majesty's dominions, for such term of years as the court in which such conviction shall take place shall order. 5. That in case any person so sentenced and ordered to be banished as aforesaid, shall not depart from this united kingdom within thirty days after the pronouncing of such sentence and order as aforesaid, for the purpose of going into such banishment as aforesaid, it shall and may be lawful to and for his majesty to convey such person to such parts out of the dominions of his said majesty, as his majesty by and with the advice of his privy council shall direct. 6. That if any offender, who shall be so ordered by any such court as aforesaid to be banished in manner aforesaid, shall after the end of forty days from the time such sentence and order hath been pronounced, be at large within any part of the united kingdom, or any other part of his majesty's dominions, without some lawful cause, before the expiration of the term for which such offender shall have been so ordered to be banished as aforesaid, every such offender being so at large as aforesaid, being thereof lawfully convicted, shall be transported to such place as shall be appointed by his majesty for any term not exceeding fourteen years; and such offender may be tried, either before any justices of assize, oyer and terminer, great sessions, or gael delivery, for the county, city, liberty, borough, or place where such offender shall be apprehended and taken, or where he or she was sentenced to banishment; and the clerk of assize. clerk of the peace, or other clerk or officer of the court having the custody of the records where such order of banishment shall have been made, shall, when thereunto required on his majesty's behalf, make out and give a certificate in writing, signed by him, containing the effect and substance only (omitting the formal part) of every indictment and conviction of such offender, and of the order for his or her banishment, to the justices of assize, oyer and terminer, great sessions, or gaol delivery, where such offender shall be indicted, for which certificate six shillings and eightpence, and no more shall be paid, and which certificate shall be sufficient proof of the conviction and order for banishment of any such offender. The remaining clauses relate only to the mode of proceeding in case of former conviction, limitation of actions, &c. 1819. Act 60 Geo. III. cap. ix.-To subject certain Publications to the Duties of Stamps upon Newspapers, and to make other regulations for restraining the abuses arising from the publication of blasphhemous and seditious Libels: Recites, that pamphlets and printed papers 5. That upon every pamphlet or paper con containing observations upon public events and occurrences, tending to excite hatred and con-taining any public news, intelligence, or occurtempt of the government and constitution of these realms as by law established, and also vilifying our holy religion, have lately been published in great numbers, and at very small prices; and it is expedient that the same should be restrained, and enacts: 1. That all pamphlets and papers containing any public news, intelligence, or occurrences, or any remarks or observations thereon, or upon any matter in church or state, printed in any part of the united kingdom for sale, and published periodically, or in parts or numbers, at intervals not exceeding twenty-six days between the publication of any two such pamphlets or papers, parts or numbers, where any of the said pamphlets or papers, parts or numbers respectively, shall not exceed two sheets, or shall be published for sale for a less sum than sixpence, exclusive of the duty by this act imposed thereon, shall be deemed and taken to be newspapers within the true intent and meaning of several other acts of parliament now in force relating to newspapers; and be subject to such and the same duties of stamps, with such and the same allowances and discounts, as newspapers printed in Great Britain and Ireland respectively, now are subject unto, under, and by virtue of the said recited acts of parliament, and shall be printed, published, and distributed under and subject to all such and the like rules, regulations, restrictions, provisions, penalties, and forfeitures, as are contained in the said recited acts, or either of them. 2. That no quantity of paper less than a quantity equal to twenty-one inches in length and seventeen inches in breadth, in whatever way or form the same may be made, or may be divided into leaves, or in whatever way the same may be printed, shall be deemed or taken to be a sheet of paper within the meaning and for the purposes of this act. 3. That no cover or blank leaf, or any other leaf upon which any advertisement or other notice shall be printed, shall, for the purposes of this act be deemed or taken to be a part of any such pamphlet, paper, part, or number aforesaid. 4. That all pamphlets and papers containing any public news, intelligence, or occurrences, or any such remarks or observations as aforesaid, printed for sale, and published periodically, or in parts or numbers, at intervals exceeding twenty-six days between any two such pamphlets or papers, parts or numbers, and which said pamphlets, papers, parts, or numbers respectively, shall not exceed two sheets, or which shall be published for sale at a less price than sixpence, shall be first published on the first day of every calendar month, or within two days before or after that day, and at no other time; and that if any person or persons shall first publish or cause to be published any such pamphlet, paper, part, or number aforesaid, on any other day or time, he or they shall forfeit for every such offence the sum of twenty pounds. rences, or any remarks or observations thereon, or upon any matter in church or state, printed in any part of the united kingdom for sale, and published periodically, or in parts or numbers, at intervals not exceeding twenty-six days between the publication of any two such pamphlets or papers, parts or numbers, and upon every part or number thereof, shall be printed the full price at which every such pamphlet, paper, part, or number shall be published for sale, and also the day on which the same is tirst published; and if any person shall publish any such pamphlet, paper, part or number, without the said price and day being printed thereon, or if any person shall at any time within two months after the day of publication printed thereon as aforesaid, sell or expose to sale any such pamphlet, paper, part, or number, or any portion or part of such pamphlet, paper, part, or number, upon which the price so printed as aforesaid shall be sixpence, or above that sum, for a less price than sixpence, every such person shall for every such offence forfeit and pay the sum of twenty pounds. 6. Provided always, that nothing in this act shall extend or be construed to extend to subject any person publishing any pamphlet or paper to any penalty for any allowance in price made by the person for whom and on whose behalf, and for whose profit, benefit, or advantage, the same shall have been first published, to any bookseller or distributor, or other person to whom the same shall be sold for the purpose of retailing the same. 7. That all pamphlets and papers which are by this act declared to be subject to the stamp duties upon newspapers, shall be freed and discharged from all the stamp duties and regulations contained in any act of parliament relating to pamphlets. 8. That no person, from and after thirty days after the passing of this act, shall print or publish for sale, any newspaper, or any pamphlet or other paper containing any public news, intelligence, or occurrences, or any remarks or observations thereon, or upon any matter in church or state, which shall not exceed two sheets, or which shall be published for sale at a less price than sixpence, until he or she shall have entered into a recognizance, in the sum of three hundred pounds, if such newspaper, pamphlet, or paper shall be printed in London or within twenty miles thereof, and in the sum of two hundred pounds, if such newspaper, &c. shall be printed elsewhere in the united kingdom, and his or her sureties in a like sum in the whole, conditioned that such printer or publisher shall pay to his majesty, his heirs and successors, every such fine or penalty as may at any time be imposed upon or adjudged against him or her, by reason of any conviction for printing or publishing any blasphemous or seditious libel, at any time after the entering into such recognizance or executing such bond; and that every person who shall print or first publish any such newspaper, pamphlet, or other paper, without having entered |