almost daily visited by his friends from Edinburgh, a party of whom, on Saturdays in particular, were in the habit of playing at quoits in his garden, and thereafter regaling themselves with a plentiful supply of gin and oysters, then and still a favourite indulgence at Newhaven. In 1800, in consequence of his wife's death, Mr. Clerk gave up housekeeping, and boarded with Mrs. Duguid, of "the Whale,"* being then an inn, where his old friends rallied around him as formerly, to enjoy the sea breeze, and the choice things which the hostess was careful to provide for them. He died much regretted by his acquaintances, aged seventy-two, and was interred in the Grayfriar's churchyard. He was a jolly, warm-hearted individual-amusing in conversation, and partial to the company of his friends; but, though fond of rational enjoyment, he was equally an enemy to excess; and, in the words, of one of his friends, now no more, there never existed a "more honest and inoffensive man." Kay's Edinburgh Portraits, p. 29.

1810, Feb. 14. JAMES PERRY, proprietor and editor of the Morning Chronicle, tried in the court of king's bench on the charge of having published a libel in that paper, copied from the Examiner, reflecting on the character of George III. Mr. Perry conducted his own case, and was acquitted. He published A Report of the trial on an information ex officio of the King v. John Lambert and James Perry on a charge of libel, in the Morning Chronicle, 8vo. 1810.

1810, March 25, Died, JOHN COOKE, an extensive publisher of works in weekly numbers, at the Shakspeare's head, Paternoster-row,† London, aged seventy-nine years.

Baldwin, bookseller, noticed at page 738 ante, and was succeeded in Paternoster-row by Robert, son of an older nephew.

1810. Died, THOMAS KIRKGATE, for upwards of thirty years printer to Horace Walpole, earl of Oxford, at Strawberry hill, who liberally rewarded his long services in conducting his lite rary undertakings by a legacy of £100. Soon after his decease was published, A catalogue of the valuable and curious collections, late the property of Mr. Thomas Kirkgate. 1810. 8vo. The collectors of the Strawberry-hill publications, will find this catalogue of great utility, in furnishing them with a list of lord Orford's pieces. The books form only 424 articles of the catalogue, the remainder consisting of curious prints, drawings, painted glass, coins, c

1810, April 17. Died, JOHN IRELAND, bookseller, Market-place, Leicester, aged sixty-three. A man strictly independent in his principles, great probity and much respected.

1810, April 26. Died, EDWARD WRIGHT, Of the firm of Harding and Wright, printers in St. John's square, Clerkenwell, London. They were the printers of the Monthly Mirror Magazine

1810, June 7. Died, WILLIAM DAWSON, of Paternoster-row, bookseller to the university of Oxford, aged sixty-five years. His life was a continued series of acts of kindness. He died Hive House, Stanmore.

1810, June 17. Died, JAMES CHALMERS, printer to the city and university, and printer and proprietor of the Aberdeen Journal, which he conducted with uncommon ability, and steady and loyal consistency of principle for the long space of forty-six years. Few men have de parted life in the city of Aberdeen with more an

1810. March 30. Died, ROBERT BALDWIN, many years a bookseller of considerable emi-feigned regret by a most numerous and highlynence in Paternoster-row, London, where his industry and integrity were almost proverbial; whilst his mild and conciliatory manners secured him the sincere regard of all who knew him. He was the nephew and successor of Richard

* The Whale was totally destroyed by fire in 1834. + Paternoster-row-now the greatest book mart in the world-did not begin to assume any consequence till the booksellers deserted Little Britain, in the reign of queen Anne. The south-west end, before that period, was more noted for mercers, lacemen, haberdashers, and similar trades and a periodical newspaper, in 1707, adds to this list, "the sempstresses of Paternoster-row." One instance, however, of a bookseller living there, occurs much earlier, namely, in 1564, when Henry Denham, bookseller, lived at the Star in Paternoster-row, with the Latin motto, "Os homini sublime dedit"

From 1774, when we find John Bew publishing the Ambulator and other small works, the character of the trade in the Row became changed from old bookselling, or the issuing only of large and important new works by the principal houses, to general publishing, and particularly of periodicals. The issuing of works in weekly numbers was more particularly confined to Cooke, Hogg, and Harrison. These all stood prominent as publishers of what have been called "Paternoster-row Numbers;" namely, Family Bibles, with Notes; editions of Fox's Book of Martyrs, and the Works of Flavius Josephus; New and complete Histories of England, Histories of London, Life of Christ, and various other denominations of works, which, years back, more than now, were calculated to catch the attention of mechanics, and they were seen in the shape of handsome-bound folios in several of their houses; and, however it may be customary to kick the

ladder down when we find we no longer want it, thes contributed to lay the foundation of that literary taste and sort of publications must be confessed to have greatly thirst for knowledge, which now pervades all classes. To give to such works as we have mentioned, all the attraction possible, the title-pages were copious to an extreme enumerating the whole contents of the book: the authors were generally called esquires, and had two or thre sounding christian names. In announcing the embellis ments of these publications, language failed; and the terms, "beautiful," "elegant," "superb," and even "magacent," became too poor to express their extreme ment None of these puffers equalled Alexander Hogg. When the sale of a book began to slacken, this gentleman, s old Bernard Lintot, immediately employed some scribe to make him "a taking title; and the work, though not line was altered, was brought out in a new edition; issust first in a feigned name, and subsequently published with a new title-page, as the production of "A Society of Gentlemen: the whole revised, corrected, and improved by William Thornton, esq. M. A., and other gentlemen." Hogg made money but Cooke (whose journeyman he had been) exceeded him. He is said, by one work alone. Southwell's Notes and Illustrations on the Bible, to har cleared several thousand pounds, and he had many similar publications. He left a son, successor to his business and his ample fortune. James Harrison, of Paternoster-r and afterwards of Fleet-street, in both which places b failed in business, projected some works of merit, partic larly the Novelist's Magazine and the Poetical Magazin In 1806 he published the Life of Lord Nelson, two vols. S John Payne was an indefatigable manufacturer of hooks in numbers, under the high-sounding names of George A gustus Hervey, William Frederick Melmoth, &c. Some of these works were not wanting in merit, particular a N History of Great Britain, in five volumes STO: He wt? several works to which he added his own name.

respectable circle of friends, to whom he was endeared by the best virtues that adorn social life-inflexible integrity, steady friendship, a disposition, elevated, humane, and charitable, a temper unusually cheerful, and a memory rich in anecdote and information, chiefly of the literary kind. His father, who cultivated his profession for some years in London, in the printingaffice of Mr. Watts (where he had the celebrated Dr. Franklin for his fellow-journeyman), was fterwards ranked among the literary printers of is time, and at his death was recorded as gentleman "well skilled in the learned anguages." His father was the rev. Jas. Chalners, professor of divinity in the Marischal colege, who died in 1744. About the year 1740, is son returned from London, and in 1746 stablished the Aberdeen Journal, at the close of he memorable rebellion, during which he was a onsiderable sufferer from his attachment to the ouse of Hanover. His son, the subject of this rticle, was born in March, 1742, and, after a lassical and academical education at Marischal ollege, removed to London, and improved himelf in the typographical art, both there and at ambridge, until September, 1764, when the eath of his father put him in possession of the stablishment in his native city. Although now ngaged in a business which afforded but little laxation, and with the cares of a numerous mily, he found leisure to indulge his love of terature by that extensive course of reading hich rendered him a valuable member of the terary societies of the place. With many of e professors of both colleges, and particularly ith the late Dr. Gilbert Gerard,* and Beattie, e formed an intimacy which death only dislved. Had he been able to devote more time > study, it was universally thought by all who new him, that he might have excelled in any ranch of polite literature. As a man of business e was more generally known for his unvaried tegrity, industry, and punctuality, which commended him to the confidence and friend-good behaviour: that of Bagshaw and Budd, two hip of men of the highest rank and superior ttainments. In 1769, he married Margaret, oungest daughter of Mr. David Douglas, of ondon, by whom he left four sons and six aughters, who, with his afflicted widow, had to ament the loss of a tender husband, an indulent father, and an affectionate and engaging riend and companion.

in the local militia at Ely, in Cambridgeshire, for a trifling dispute or grumbling, construed by military law into mutiny, about an unpaid allowance for knapsacks. The ceremony was executed under a guard of the German Legion, which regiment happened to be then stationed at Newmarket. At that time it was thought but a degree less than sedition to speak even disrespectfully of our foreign mercenaries, especially if Germans; and sir Vicary Gibbs, then attorneygeneral, commenced a prosecution against Mr. Cobbett, author-Hansard, printer-Bagshaw, newsvender-and Budd, bookseller; for one and the same offence. Cobbett pleaded the general issue, and put himself upon his defence. Hansard, Bagshaw, and Budd, having no stomach for denying their respective avocations, or that they did print, or publish, or sell, the work in question; and, from nods and winks, having an idea of being excused the calling-up for judg ment, even in case of a jury finding for the prosecutor (especially if they gave the attorneygeneral no trouble in proving their share of the crime), determined to take the chance of the verdict: aud therefore said, we will trouble you with no defence-we let judgment go by default. But still further-Hansard was made a witness in the same cause for which he was to be tried as a culprit. He was served with a subpoena, to produce the manuscripts and give evidence of the hand writing, as a witness against Cobbett.* However, Cobbett admitted the authorship; and the witness was not wanted. A verdict of guilty was found; and to the astonishment of all England, Cobbett, Hansard, Bagshaw, and Budd, were all brought up for, and received judgment of the court. William Cobbett was sentenced to be imprisoned two years in Newgate, and to pay a fine of £1,000, to keep the peace for seven years, in the sum of £3,000, and two sureties in £1,000 each; Hansard three months' imprisonment in the king's bench, and to find sureties for two years for his

1810, July 9. WILLIAM COBBETT, author, PHOS. CURZON HANSARD, printer, - BAGHSAW, Newsvender, and BUDD, bookseller, were tried n the court of king's bench, under Pitt's act, for a libel. It appears that Mr. Cobbett wrote in article for his Political Register, relative to the flogging of some of the sons and servants of English farmers, who were serving their period

*Dr. Gibert Gerard, author of the Institutes of Biblical Criticism, professor of Greek in the king's college, in the university of Aberdeen, died Sept. 28, 1815, aged fifty-five. His father was the rev. Dr. Alexander Gerard, an eminent divine and writer, and professor of divinity in Marischal college, Aberdeen, who died Feb. 22, 1795, aged 67 years.

months each, and sureties also. The paper in which the article appeared, be it remembered, was published on Saturday morning, and the manuscripts were received from the author, in piece-meal, by the posts of Thursday and Friday, so that there was no possibility of contemplating, or of taking an opinion learned in the law, before hundreds of the number were circulated. Such were the proceedings of a government, whose leader, Mr. Pitt,† in framing measures for the liberty of the press, took especial care that the blessing he granted, was only the forerunner of a curse.-See Hansard's Parl. Deb. v. 34, p. 987.

* In some observations upon this event, Cobbett says, "I have been labouring seventeen years, since I quitted

the army. I have never known what it was to enjoy any of that which the world calls pleasure. From a beginning with nothing, I have acquired means of making some provision for a family of six children, (the remains of thirteen) besides having for several years maintained almost wholly as many children of my relations."

William Pitt was the second son of the first earl of Chatham, born May 28, 1759, and died chancellor of the exchequer, Jan. 23, 1806.

1810. The Imperial and County Annual Re-Magazine, recommending a separation betwixt gister, two volumes 8vo. It seems to have been Great Britain and Ireland by a French force. dropped after the first year.

1810. New Caricature Magazine, royal folio, by Thomas Rowlandson.

1811, Feb. 2. Died, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, many years a bookseller in Cornhill, London, ged seventy-five years.

811.

1811, March 29. Died, JOHN TODD, aged seventy-five years, and who was for upwards of fifty years an eminent bookseller in Stonygate, in the city of York, where he succeeded Mr. Hildyard in 1757. Few country booksellers had exerted themselves with greater ardour and perseverance in the laborious pursuit of cataloguemaking, with the respective value of each book attached, than Mr. Todd; of which the many curious and extensive collections, which he purchased and arranged at different periods, afford a sufficient proof. He was succeeded in his business by his two sons, who carried on the firm in such a manner, and on such a scale, as to cause their shop to be considered equal to any out of London.

1811, Feb. PETER FINNERTY, a reporter on the Morning Chronicle, received sentence in the ourt of king's bench for a libel on lord Castlereagh, for which he was condemned to an mprisonment of eighteen months in Lincoln ail, and to find security for his good behaviour or five years from that time, himself in £500, nd two sureties in £200 each. He published Tis Case, including the law proceedings against im, and his treatment in Lincoln jail. 8vo. Mr. Finnerty died May 11, 1822. 1811, April 5. Died, ROBERT RAIKES, pro1811, Feb. 8. The printing-office of Mr. Ber-prietor of the Gloucester Journal, which had ard, in Skinner-street, Snow-hill, London, des- | been instituted by his father, and conducted for royed by fire. It was occasioned by an accident n the press-room. 1811, Feb. 11. EUGENIUS ROCHE† was sennced to be imprisoned twelve months in the farshalsea, and to give security for his good ehaviour for three years from that time, himself 1 £500, and two sureties in £250 each, for a bel in The Day morning newspaper, reflecting a the conduct of the military employed to reserve peace in Piccadilly, at the time of the erving of the speaker's warrant on sir Francis Surdett. On his liberation from confinement, Ir. Roche became editor of the National Register, a weekly paper; and subsequently the ditor of a magazine called Literary Recreations. t is a curious fact, that in this periodical were rinted some of the earliest productions of lord Byron, Allan Cunningham, and Gaspey.

1811, March 14. WALTER Cox stood in the illory, in Dublin, pursuant to his sentence, for a bel called the Painter Cut, published in the Irish

• Peter Finnerty was the most celebrated reporter of day, and was engaged for many years on the Morning hronicle, under Mr. Perry. He was the son of a trades. can at Loughrea, in the county of Galway, in Ireland.

an early age he had to seek his fortune at Dublin, and as brought up as a printer. In 1798 he succeeded Mr. Arthur O'Connor, as printer of the Press. The violence that paper causing it to be prosecuted, he removed to ondon, and engaged himself as a parliamentary reporter. aving become acquainted with sir Home Popham, he Titing its history; but being prevented carrying that ect into effect, after a delay of some weeks, he returned England, and resumed his occupation as a reporter. He

led on the Walcheren expedition, for the purpose of

bed at Westminster, May 11, 1822, aged fifty-six years.
A full and accurate report of the trial of the author,
rought by Peter Finnerty against Samuel Tipper, publisher
of the Satirist, for a libel: London, 1809, 8vo.

Eugenius Roche, editor of the Courier London newsaper, died, deeply lamented by an extensive circle of

quaintance, in Hart-street, Bloomsbury, Nov. 9, 1829. He was born in Dublin, in 1786, and, before he was two years of age, his parents emigrated to France, where he ceived a liberal education, and in 1804 he returned to ngland, and devoted himself to literature. The only

lications of Mr. Roche, that bear his name, are two tragedies, called the Invasion and William Tell; the latter which was in rehearsal at Drury Lane when that theatre was destroyed by fire, and was consequently never produced. Mr. Roche also appeared as the author of words a set of French Melodies, arranged by Madlle. Jams.

many years with approbation. The name of Robert Raikes will not soon be forgotten among those who have diffused light over the dark places of the earth full of the habitations of cruelty. He was born at Gloucester, September 14, in the year 1735, and was descended of a good family. The education Mr. Raikes received was liberal, and calculated for his future designation in life. At a proper season he was initiated into his father's business, which he afterwards conducted with punctuality, diligence, and care. Several pieces, among which may be pointed out the works of the dean of Gloucester,* are such as will suffer nothing by any comparison with the productions of modern typography. The incidents of Mr. Raikes's life are few, and those not enough distinguished from the rest of the world to admit of a particular detail. It is sufficient to say, that in his business he was prosperous, and that his attention was not so wholly confined to it, but that he found time to turn his thoughts to subjects connected with the great interests of mankind, and the welfare of Society. By this means some consolation has been afforded to sorrow and imprudence; some knowledge, and consequently happiness, to youth and inexperience. The first object which demanded his notice, was the miserable state of the county bridewell within the city of Gloucester, which, being part of the county jail, the persons committed by the magistrates, out of session, for petty offences, associated, through necessity, with felons of the worst description, with little or no means of subsistence from labour; with little, if any, allowance from the county; without either meat, drink, or clothing; dependent chiefly on the precarious charity of such as visited the prison, whether brought thither by business, curiosity, or compassion. To relieve these miserable and forlorn wretches, and to render their

Josiah Tucker, a celebrated divine, was born at Langhorne, in Carmarthenshire, in 1711. He was an able writer on commercial, political, and theological subjects. His principal performance is a Treatise on Civil Government, against Locke, 8vo. He died in 1799.

of those, who before were in every respect the opposite of decency or regularity. The effects were so apparent, that other parishes in Gloucester, and in various parts of the kingdom, adopted the scheme, which has by degrees become

situation supportable at least, Mr. Raikes employed both his pen, his influence, and his property, to procure them the necessaries of life; and, finding that ignorance was generally the principal cause of those enormities which brought them to become objects of his notice, he deter-general, to the great advantage and comfort of mined, if possible, to procure them some moral and religious instruction.

To every want and every woe,
To guilt itself, when in distress,
The balm of pity will impart,

And all relief that bounty can bestow.

In this he succeeded, by means of bounties and encouragement, given to such of the prisoners as were able to read: and these, by being directed to proper books, improved both themselves and their fellow-prisoners, and afforded him great encouragement to persevere in the benevolent design. He then procured for them a supply of work, to preclude every excuse and temptation to idleness. Successful in this effort, he formed a more extensive plan of usefulness to society, which will transmit his name to posterity with those honours which are due to the great benefactors of mankind. This was the institution of Sunday schools, a plan which has been attended with the happiest effects.

Like a lone husbandman, forlorn,
The man of Glo'ster went,
Bearing the seed of precious corn,

And God the blessing sent.-Mrs. Gilbert.

the poor, and still more to the security and repose of the rich. Since the first institution, many thousands of children have been employed, to their own satisfaction, in acquiring such a portion of knowledge as will render them useful to society, without encouraging any disposition unfavourable to themselves or the world. Where riot and disorder were formerly to be seen, decency and decorum are now to be found; industry has taken the place of idleness, and profaneness has been obliged to give way to devotion. The outlines of a character so dis tinguished in the annals of his country as that of Robert Raikes, cannot fail to engage the reader. In proportion as he feels himself inte rested in the welfare of mankind, he will interest bright example of unbended philanthropy.* Mr. himself in every particular which concerns this Raikes was for some years a member of the court of assistants of the stationers' company.

RRaikes

His brother, Mr. Thomas Raikes, a very considerable Russian merchant, and long a director of the bank of England, established a rich and spreading family, very respectably connected, in the city of London.

Professor Austin remarks, on the education of the people, that it is not less incumbent on go vernments to forward the diffusion of knowledge, than to protect their subjects from one another by a due administration of justice, or to defend them by military force from the attacks of ex ternal enemies. A small fraction of the sum

The thought was suggested by accident "Some business," says Mr. Raikes, "leading me one morning into the suburbs of the city, where the lowest of the people (who are principally employed in the pin manufactory) chiefly reside, I was struck with concern on seeing a group of children, wretchedly ragged, at play in the street. An inquiry of a neighbour produced an account of the miserable state and deplorable profligacy of these infants, more especially on a Sunday, when left to their own direction." This information suggested an idea, which are squandered in needless war would "that it would be at least a harmless attempt, if provide complete instruction for the working it should be productive of no good, should some people would give this important class th little plan be formed to check this deplorable portion in the knowledge of the age which coprofanation of the sabbath. An agreement was sists in the nature of their callings, and with the soon after made with proper persons, to receive necessity of toiling for a livelihood.† And, furas many children on Sundays as should be sent, ther, bishop Tillotson, in one of his sermons, s who were to be instructed in reading and in the that education is the most effectual mode in re church catechism, at a certain rate. The clergy-forming mankind, and that the most likely and man, who was curate of the parish at the time, undertook to superintend the schools, and examine the progress made.* This happened about 1781, and the good consequences evidently appeared in the reformation and orderly behaviour

This worthy and benevolent clergyman was the rev. Mr. Stock, who had himself founded charity schools in two parishes of which he had before been curate. Не took upon himself the inspection of the schools which Mr. Raikes had instituted. Mr. Raikes agreed to bear twothirds of the expenditure necessary for their support, and Mr. Stock the other third; thereby it appears that this distinguished clergyman was an equal sharer with Mr. Raikes in the foundation of these useful institutions.

The Sunday-school Jubilee was held Sept. 14, 1831, the birth-day of Robert Raikes.

hopeful reformation of the world must begin with children. Wholesome laws and good ser mons are but slow ways, the most compendion way is a good education, this may be an effectual prevention of evil, whereas all ́after ways in

but remedies.

* Eulogium on Robert Raikes.-Gentleman's Maga vol. Iviii. pp. 11, 15. Nichols's Anecdotes, vol. ix. 5

+ The first school, avowedly established in Great Ertas for the purpose of instructing adults, was formed in 1 through the exertions of the rev. T. Charles, in Merced shire. About the same time, and without any conecti connexion with the schools in Wales, an adult school established at Bristol through the instrumentality of M William Smith.