1610. Died, Joan Morer, the son-in-law, and successor of Christopher Plantin, in his printing establishment at Antwerp, and whose insigne and motto he adopted. Paul Peter, (upon what authority does not appear) tells us that Moret kept forty-eight presses in constant motion. He left two sons, Balthazar and John, who succeeded to his business. "Notwithstanding so much may be alledged in favour of books of a small size, yet the scholars of a former age regarded them with contempt. Scaliger, says Baillet, cavils with Drusius for the smallness of his books; and John Moret, who was one of the greatest printers of his time, complaining to the learned Puteanus, who was considered as the rival of Lipsius, that his books were too small for sale, and that purchasers turned away, frightened at their diminutive size; Puteanus referred him to Plutarch, whose works consist of small treatises; but the printer took fire at the comparison, and turned him out of his shop, for his vanity at pretending that he wrote in any manner like Plutarch! a specimen this of the politeness and reverence of the early printers for their learned authors."-D'Israeli. 1610. At this early period the art of printing had found its way even to the secluded recesses of MOUNT LEBANON, in Syria, as we have undoubted evidence remaining in a book which has with difficulty found its way to Europe. Its title is thus given by De Murr, in his Memorabilia bibliotheca Norimbergeneis, tom. i. p. 379. Psalterium Arabico-Syrum in Monte Libano a fratribus Maronitis impressum, 1610, folio.Masch, in his edition of Le Long, part II. vol. i. p. 67, and 121, furnishes a more ample account, from which it appears that the editors were Paschalis Eli and Joseph Ibn Amima, and that the work was printed In inclito et religioso monasterio Vallis Kuzaia in Monte Libani. What monastery this is, and in what particular part situated, has not been satisfactorily determined: possibly it may be Canobin, a convent of the monks of St. Anthony, distant about twenty miles from Tripoli, in which the patriarch of the Maronites resides; or rather, says Dr. Cotton, Chsaya, one of the dependant convents situated in the vicinity of Canobin, which is mentioned in the following terms by the ill-fated Burckhardt,* in his Travels in Syria : " Three hours distant from Canobin, at the convent Kasheya, which is near the village of Ehden, is a printing office, where prayer books in the Syriac language are printed." De Murr, speaking of the Nuremburg copy of this Psalter, calls it a Phanix in Germany: a second copy is to be found in the public library at Hemstädt; and a third copy is noticed by Schnurrer, in the possession of J. P. Bruns. Masch gives the title of another edition professing to be printed by these monks in the year 1585, taken from Assemani's catalogue of the Mediceo-Laurentian library; but perhaps 66 * John Louis Burckhardt was by birth a Swiss, and employed by the African company of London, to make discoveries in the East, particularly Africa. He died at Cairo, April 1817, and was buried with great pomp. this may be nothing more than the above edition incorrectly described. And this conjecture is confirmed by the fact, that Jerome Dandini, an Italian jesuit, who was sent by the pope as his nuncio to the Maronites on Mount Libanus, where he assisted at two synods holden in the year 1596, deems it a fortunate circumstance, not only for themselves, but for the whole of Christendom, that the Maronites at that time possessed not the art of printing. But the good nuncio's alarm for the spreading of heterodox and pernicious books is well met and refuted by his translator father Simon, for which the reader may consult a work entitled, Voyage du Mont Liban, traduit de l'Italien du R. P. J. Dandini, par R. S. P. 12mo. Paris, 1675, pp. 95-305. 1610, April 18. Died, ROBERT PARSONS, or PERSONS, a celebrated English jesuit, who by his learning, his zeal, his activity, and his hold. ness in supporting the doctrines of the church of Rome, was the most noted, and the most formidable antagonist of the Protestant church. He was born at Netherstowey, in Somersetshire, and was educated in the protestant faith; this, however, he quitted, and, retiring abroad, entered into the order of the jesuits, and was the first Englishman of that order that was ever sent into this country. No man could be a more im placable enemy to the principles of the reformation, and being as hostile to the civil as he was to the religious constitution of his native country, he did not startle at the practice of rebellion and treason, but was ardent in promoting the Spanish invasion. His most celebrated work was his Conference about the Succession of the Croun of England, which was published under the name of Doleman, and the obvious intention of which, was to support the title of the infanta of Spain, against that of king James, on the death of queen Elizabeth. In pursuit of this point, the author assumed a bold and manly turn of sentiment and reasoning, which, however malignant in its ultimate design, was capable being applied to the most valuable and useful purposes. He made it his chief business, says Dr. Kippis, to prove, that there are better titleste royalty and government than that of lineal des cent; and that the people, in certain cases, bare a right to depose their princes, and to change the order of succession. Thus was a jesuit the disseminator of the grand principles of political liberty; and the disseminator of those principles which have since been maintained by our best writers,* and converted to the suppression tyranny, and to the establishment of our free "Liberty is to the collective body what health is every individual body. Without health, no pleasure ( be tasted by man: without liberty, no happiness can enjoyed by society."-St. John, lord Bokingbrake. "The liberty of a people consists in being goversel laws which they have made themselves, under whatsoe form it be of government; the liberty of a private in being master of his own time and actions, as far may consist with the laws of God and his country. Abraham Cowley. "As all human things have an end, so that beautif system of liberty, the British constitution, will perish, wh the legislative power shall be more corrupted then executive."-Montesquieu. titution. It is no dishonour to embrace | i from whatever quarter it comes, or with ever view it may originally have been aded. Robert Parsons died at Rome, in the -fifth year of age. 10. THE DOUAY Bible printed BY LAWCE KELLAM, in two volumes 4to. with the wing title: The Holie Bible faithfully transinto English, out of the authenticate Latin, atly conferred with the Hebrew, Greek, and editions, in divers Languages. With Arguof the Bookes and Chapters, Annotations. es, and other Helpes for better understanding e Text, for discoverie of Corruptions in late Translations, and for cleering Controsin Religion. By the English College of y. Printed by Lawrence Kellam. is translation was made by and under the intendence of the same translators as the New iment at Rheims, in 1582 (see page 370, In 1617, a convent of English FrancisRecollects was established at Douay. 10. ANDRO HART a printer at Edinburgh, shed an edition of the Bible, with the folg title: The Bible, that is, the Holy Scripcontained in the Olde and New Testament. slated according to the Ebrew and Greeke, ferred with the best translations in diverse ages: with most profitable annotations upon ard places, and other things of great impor"Feare yee not, stand still, and beholde alvation of the Lord, which he will shew to this day. Exod. xiv. 15." Then follows an iving, representing the passage of the Red which is encompassed by this text, "Great he troubles of the righteous; but the Lord ered them out of them all. PSALM XXXIV. Under the sculpture is the following text, e Lord shall fight for you; therefore hold your peace." At Edinburgh, printed by Anfart, and are to be sold at his buith, at the side of the gate, a little beneath the cross. › Dom. 1610. Cum Privilegio Regiæ Majestatis. art's Bible seems to contain the same prefamatter as that of Bassendyne; with the ion of An Almanack and Table for forty to come: [1610-1659.] The old testament riously the general translation, which seems ve been printed, rather from Bassendyne's , than the Geneva edition. And it has ame arguments and marginal references, some additional annotations. Hart's edition sculptures throughout, representing scripcountries, events, and things. the end of the Apocrypha, follows: The Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ, transout of Greeke, by Theod. Beza. Whereunto djoyned briefe Summaries of Doctrine upon Evangelists and Acts of the Apostles, by the Theod. Beza. And also short Expositions he Phrases and hard Places, taken out of the Annotations of the foresaid author, and ch. Camerarius, and P. Los. Valerius. Enhed by L. Thomson. Together with the Anno tations of Fr. Junius, upon the Revelation of St. John. At the end are two tables: the first, of the Interpretation of the proper names which are chiefly found in the old testament: the second table is, of the principal things that are contained in the Bible, after the order of the alphabet. Such is the Old and New Testament of Andro Hart, which is praised by Watson, in his curious account of the Scottish Printers, as well printed. There was an Andro Hart, a bookbinder, at Edinburgh, at this time, of whom nothing is known except his having bound some books for James VI. In the account of the Library of Mary queen of Scots and James VI. 4to. is the following entry: April, 1602. Item payit to Andro Hart Buik binder, for certane buikis quhilkis wer gevin to Mr. Adam Newtoun for the Prince his use, as the said Mr Adamis ressait thairof producit testifieis, xxxj li. ix s. 1610. Died, GEORGE BISHOP, deputy printer to queen Elizabeth, and an alderman of the city of London. He married Mary, the daughter of John Cawood. He was master of the company in 1590, 1592, a part of 1593, 1600, 1602, and 1608. He gave, by his last will, two tenements called Newton, with the lands thereto belonging in the parish of Milbornstoke, Salop, for five hundred years, at the quit rent of a pepper-corn, to pay £6 a-year to Christ's Hospital; £6 yearly to the company; and also to pay £10 yearly among such preachers as come to preach at Paul's Cross, and who, in the judgment of the mayor and commonalty of London, are not sufficiently provided for; remainder to Christ's Hospital. On failure of issue by his daughter Martha, he leaves all his freeholds, Newton before-mentioned excepted, to the mayor, commonalty, and citizens of London, governors of Christ's Hospital, on condition of applying the rents to the following purposes: £60 a year to the maintaining three poor students in divinity; the first three to be chosen by the mayor, commonalty, and citizens of London; and next by the master, warden, commonalty of the stationers' company, and so for ever. In particular, Christ's church, Oxford; where his son died and was buried, to be chosen rather than any other, as often as vacancies of scholarships permit; and any poor kindred of his family to have the preference. This allowance to cease as soon as any student is beneficed, or dismissed for misconduct. One moiety of the residue of such rents to be applied to the relief of the poor children of Christ's hospital and the other to be paid to the master and wardens of the company of stationers. Provided that if in the judgment of the master, wardens, and assistants of the company in writing under their common seal, the mayor, commonalty, and citizens should be found to be remiss or negligent, in bestowing such rents according to the testator's intention, the bequest to them to be utterly void. MRS. MARY BISHOP, wife of the above, gave, in 1608, to the stationers' company a table-cloth, towel, and two dozen of napkins, wrought with white laid work; and by her will, in 1613, gave £10, four arras wrought cushions, a cupboard cloth, and two long flaxen table cloths of her own spinning. 1610, July 19. The first stone of that unrivalled repository, THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY, at Oxford, founded by sir Thomas Bodley,* is placed with all the formalities on this day. By founding this magnificent library, sir Thomas Bodley has immortalized his name; for it now exceeds that of any university in Europe, and even those of all the sovereigns of Europe, except the emperor's, at Vienna, and the French one, both of which were established one hundred years before. Within whose silent chambers treasure lies Preserved from age to age; more precious far Than that accumulated store of gold The sultan hides against a day of need, These hoards of sweets you can unlock at will; And music waits upon your skilful touch. The first catalogue of the printed books of the Bodleian was published in 4to. in 1605, by Dr. Thomas James. It was dedicated to Henry Sir Thomas Bodley, from whom the above library takes its name, was the eldest son of Mr. John Bodley of Exeter, by Joan, daughter and heiress of Robert Home, Esq., of Ottery St. Mary. By his father's side he was descended from the ancient family of the Bodleys or Bod leighs of Dunscombe, near Crediton. He was born at Exeter, March 2d, 1544. On the accession of queen Mary, his father removed with his family to Geneva. The young Bodley, about twelve years of age, applied himself university of that city having been then recently erected, with diligence to the study of the learned languages, under the most celebrated professors. On the accession of queen Elizabeth, his father returned to England, and settled in London, when Thomas was sent to Magdalen college, Oxford. In 1576, he went abroad, and spent four years in France, Germany, and Italy. Upon his return, he applied himself to the study of history and politics. In 1585 he was made gentleman usher to queen Elizabeth, and from that time until 1597 he was employed in several embassies; when, disgusted with the intrigues of the court, he retired from public life, and, to use his own words, resolved to "set up his staff at the library door." Being in the prime of life, and eminently qualified both by his learning and experience, he engaged in an employment, which, as Camden justly remarks, would have added glory to the character of a crowned head,-the restoration of the public library. Having announced to the university his design, and receiving assurances of thankful acquiescence, and cordial co-operation, he began by presenting a collection of volumes which he had pur chased abroad, and which were valued at £10,000. His example and solicitations operated so powerfully, that contributions flowed in from various quarters, with a rapidity that rendered it speedily necessary to enlarge the building. On the 8th of November, 1602, the library was first opened; and in 1605, the bust of sir Thomas Bodley was placed in the library, by the earl of Dorset, chancellor of the university. Besides giving his books, which he had collected at a great expense, sir Thomas Bodley left an estate, for salaries to officers, and to keep the library in repair. For the government of it, he drew up some statutes, which were confirmed in convocation, and which are preserved in the archives of the library. By these, the vice-chancellor, proctors, and the regius professors of divinity, law, medicine, Hebrew, and Greek, are appointed visitors and curators. In 1585, Bodley married Anne, daughter of Mr. Carew, of Bristol, and widow of Mr. Ball, a lady, as Wood informs us, of considerable fortune. He died January 28, 1612, and was buried in the chapel of Merton college. An annual speech in praise of sir Thomas Bodley, was founded in 1681, by Dr. John Morris, canon of Christ Church; the speaker to be nominated by the dean of Christ Church, and confirmed by the vice-chancellor. These speeches are delivered at the visitation-day of the library, November the 8th. Prince of Wales; and the books were classed in four faculties, divinity, medicine, jurisprudence and arts, completed by an index of author's names. Dr. James* published a more extensive catalogue, in an alphabetical form, in 4to. Ox ford, 1625. The curators have for many years published, or rather printed and distributed, and continue to print and distribute, annual alpha betical catalogues of its acquisitions in the partment of printed books, for the information of the university.† For full and accurate information of this mag nificent library, see the Reliquiæ Bodleiane 8vo. London, 1703; Wood's account of Bodley! Library, Hist. and Antiq. of the University Oxford, 4to. 1796, vol. ii. p. 920-953; Chalmers History of the Colleges, Halls, and Public Build ings attached to the University of Oxford, vol. i p. 458-464; Oxford University and City Guid 8vo. ; and the Oxford University Calendar fo 1835. When James I. first saw this library, and pe ceived the little chains by which the books wer fastened, he expressed a wish, that if ever should be his fate to be a prisoner; this librar might be his prison, those books his fellow-pr soners, and those chains his fetters. 1610, Nov. 14. "Received from Oxen, by th delivery of Mr. Doctor Kinge, dean of Chr Church, the vice-chancellor of Oxen, under th university's seal, of an indenture for one book i every copy to be given to the public library Oxen-that they appoint sir Thomas Bodky receive the same." This, on the face of it, appears to have bee a private transaction between sir Thomas Bodk and the company of stationers; who in retur for some favour done to them by his interests court, complimented him with a voluntary si towards the furnishing of his new library Oxford. From this foundation, however, ar those oppressive enactments which have si pressed so heavily on literature. 1610, Nov. 10. Died, RICHARD BANCRO archbishop of Canterbury. He was born in t county of Lancaster, and educated at Jes college, Cambridge. He distinguished hims with so much learning against the Puritans, t in 1597 he was made bishop of London. bore a principal part in the famous conference Hampton court; and on the death of archbis Whitgift in 1604, he was translated to Cant Thomas James was a learned divine, and the first pointed librarian to the Bodleian. He was born at N port, in the Isle of Wight, became dean of Wells, and at Oxford, 1632. He wrote several learned books, chief of which is a Treatise of the Corruption of the St tures, Councils, and Fathers, &c. 1611. 4to. Repris in 8vo. 1638. + How many volumes this inestimable collection con is not exactly known, but it is immense, and the is continually increasing by donations, by copies of e work printed in this country (by Act 54 Geo. III. ch as well as by books purchased from the fund left founder, assisted by fees received at matriculation by an annual payment from all who have a right of a sion to the library. t Sir Thomas Bodley's original draft for the statute his library will be found in the Reliquiæ Bodleiana. 1610. GEORGE BISHOP printed the first edition With one sole pen I wrote this book, And a pen I leave it still. bury, where he exerted himself with great vigi- | the reign of James I. It seems that at the conlance in behalf of the Anglican church. ference held at Hampton Court, in January, 1603, before that monarch, between the Episcopalians and Puritans, Dr. John Reynolds, the speaker of the Puritans, requested of his majesty that a new translation of the bible might be made, alleging that those which had been allowed during former reigns were incorrect. To which motion, says Dr. William Barlow, dean of Chester, one of the assembly, "there was at the present no gainsaying, the only objections being trivial, and old, and already in print, often answered, only my lord of London, (Bancroft) well added, that if every man's humour should be followed, there would be no end of translating." His majesty, however, formed the resolution of causing a new and more faithful translation to be made, and commissioned for that purpose fifty-four of the most learned men in the universities and other places. At the same time he required the bishops to inform themselves of all the learned men within their several dioceses who had acquired especial skill in the Greek and Hebrew languages, and had taken great pains in their private studies of the scriptures, for the clearing up of obscurities either in the Greek or Hebrew, or for the correction of any mistakes in the former English translations, and to charge them to communicate their observations to the persons employed, so that the intherance of all the principal learned men in the tended translation might have the keep and furkingdom. To the curious collector of books the following list of the early editions of Camden's Britannia may be acceptable, and depended upon as accurate : 1. 1586, printed by R. Newbery, 12mo. 2. 1587, 3. 1590, G. Bishop, 8vo. G. Bishop, 4to. G. Bishop, 4to. 4. 1594, 5. 1600, This is the first edition of Camden which was published with maps. 6. 1607, printed by G. Bishop, folio. 39 In 1617, a Latin abridgement by Lirizæus was published in 12mo.; and a second edition appeared in 1639, in 12mo. OF THE 1611. THE PRESENT TRANSLATION BBLE, published with the following title: The Holy Bible, conteyning the Old Testament ad the New, newly translated out of the Origiall Tongues, and with the former Translations pently compared and revised by his Majesties peciall Commandement. Imprinted at London, by Robert Barker, Printer to the King's most excellent Majestie. 1611. Folio. The light of Divine truth, which, during the sixteenth century, had been diffusing its red influence through a great part of Europe, dispelling the shades of superstition and rance, shone with peculiar lustre in the eventeenth century, and rendered it an age of Found biblical learning and labours. The rental languages were assiduously studied, ical criticism engaged the talents and the Kus of the most distinguished scholars, and the bly scriptures issued from the press in numeras versions, and in every variety of form, from he diminutive volumes of Stephens, Elzevir, Bleau, to the ponderous tomes of the PolyCats of Walton and Le Jay."t Nothing can be more striking than the care ich was taken by our learned ancestors to are the accuracy of the translation of the le, now in common use, at its last revision in *For an account of Philemon Holland, see 1636, post. Illustrations of Biblical Literature, vol. iii. p. 285. Before the work was begun seven of the persons nominated for it either were dead or de clined to engage in the task; the remaining forty-seven were ranged under six divisions, and several parcels of the bible were assigned to them, according to the several places where they were to meet, confer, and consult together. Every one of the company was to translate the whole parcel; then they were each to compare their translations together; and when any company had finished their part, they were to communicate it to the other companies, that nothing might pass without the general consent. If any company, upon the review of the book so sent, doubted or differed upon any place, they were to note the place and send back their reasons for their disagreement. If they happened to differ about the amendments, the difference was to be referred to a general committee, consisting of the chief persons of each company at the end of the week. When any passage was found remarkably obscure, letters were to be directed by authority to any learned persons in the land for their judgment thereon. The translation seems to have been begun in the spring of 1604, and it is said to have been retarded by the death of Mr. Edward Lively, whose active labours had materially assisted the work. When the translation was finished, three copies were sent to London; one from Cambridge, a second from Oxford, and a third from Westminster. Two from each company were then selected to review and polish the whole, Mr. HISTORY OF PRINTING. John Boyse and Mr. Andrew Downes, from Cambridge, with their fellow-labourers, met daily at stationers' hall, London. In nine months they completed their important task, and during that time received £30 weekly, from the company of stationers, having previously received nothing. Afterwards Dr. Bilson, and Dr. Miles Smith, again reviewed the whole, and prefixed arguments to the several books; and the latter was ordered to write the preface.* The highest eulogiums have been passed upon this version by the most competent critics, and learned men of every country. * of the translators of this version no biographical account has been published; but the following brief sketches of the principal portion of the learned men who made this translation, will most probably be acceptable to the reader. Lancelot Andrews was born at London, in 1555, and educated at Cambridge. By his unremitting attention to study, he rose to be one of the most learned men of the age in which he lived; so that Fuller, in his humorous way, says of him, "the world wanted learning to know how learned this man was." He was bishop of Chichester, in 1605; translated to Ely, 1609; and Winchester, in 1618. In the exercise of his episcopal dignity, he was the patron of learning; in his private character, generous and modest; and in his manner grave and sedate. He died September 25, 1626, in the 71st year of his age. John Overall, styled by Camden a "prodigious learned man," was born in 1559, and educated at Cambridge. In 1604 he was made dean of St. Paul's, London; in 1614, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; and in 1618, translated to Norwich, where he died May 12, 1619. His attainments were very high in theological learning, leaning towards Arminianism. Adrian a Saravia, D.D., was a native of Artois, where he was born in 1531. In 1587 he came to England, and was appointed master of the free school at Southampton; and successively obtained prebends in the churches of Gloucester, Canterbury, and Westminster. He died at Canterbury in 1613, aged 82. His works were published in 1611, in one volume folio. Richard Clarke, D.D., fellow of Christ college, Cambridge, and vicar of Minster and Monkton, in the isle of Thanet. He died in 1634. A folio volume of his sermons was published in 1637. John Layfield, D.D., fellow of Trinity college, Cambridge, and afterwards rector of St. Clement Danes, Westminster. He died at his rectory in 1617. Robert Tighe, or Teigh, D D., was born at Deeping, in Lincolnshire, and received his education partly at Oxford and partly at Cambridge. He was archdeacon of Middlesex, and rector of All-Hallows, Barking. He died in 1616. William Bedwell studied at Cambridge, and became vicar of Tottenham High cross, near London. He was esteemed the first Arabic scholar of his age, and at his death left many valuable manuscripts to the university of Cambridge, with numerous notes upon them, and a fount of types for printing them. Edward Lively, fellow of Trinity college, Cambridge, and regius professor of Hebrew, was profoundly learned in the oriental languages, but died before the completion of the bible, May, 1605. John Richardson, D.D., was born at Linton, in Cambridgeshire, and educated at Cambridge. He was master first of Peter House then of Trinity, and regius professor and vice-chancellor. Died (according to Fuller) in 1621, and was buried in Trinity college chapel. Laurence Chaderton, D.D., was born at Chadderton, in Lancashire, in 1537, and having renounced the catholic ⚫ faith he entered Christ college, Cambridge, which so enraged his father that he not only disinherited him, but as a mark of his great displeasure, “sent him a poke, with a groat in it, to go a-begging." When sir Walter Mildmay founded Emmanuel college, he was appointed the first master; and, when from his great modesty, he objected to undertake the charge, sir Walter replied, "if you will not be the master, I will not be the founder of the college. In this office he continued thirty-eight years, and which he resigned to Dr. Preston in 1622, and died November 13, 1640, at the extraordinary age of 103 years! John Rainolds, D.D., was born at Penhoe, near Exeter, in the year 1549, and educated at Oxford. In 1598, he was made dean of Lincoln, which he exchanged the fol lowing year, for the presidentship of Corpus Christi col Dr. Adam Clarke says, "Indeed," says Dr. Geddes, "if accuracy, lege. "To name Rainolds," says Dr. Crackenthorpe, "is "What war is this? when conquered, both are glad, shire, in 1539, and educated at Oxford, where he was bendary in the cathedral church of Lincoln, and professor Miles Smith, D.D., was born in the city of Hereford John Harmer, D.D., was born at Newbury, in Berks z shire, and educated first at Winchester, and then at New college, Oxford, of which he became perpetual fellow 1574. He was chief master of Winchester school for min years, and warden of the college there seventeen died October 11, 1613. Richard Brett, D.D., was born in London, and educah Christi college, Oxford, and on the death of Rainolds, sne bridge, and King's Greek professor, was accounted folk, January 3, 1560, and educated at Cambridge. in Surry, was first at Westminster, and afterwards |