Exercise 3- Illustrating Rule 4, Page 20.

1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability Their chief use for delight, is in retired privacy; for ornament, in discourse; and for ability, in the arrangement and disposition of business; for expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but general counci.s, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from the learned.

2. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to form one's juagment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, and need pruning by study; and studies, themselves, give forth directions too much at large, unless they are hedged in by experience.

3. Crafty men contemn studies; simple men admire, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but there is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe or take for granted; nor to find matter merely for conversation; but to weigh and consider.

4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be only glanced at, others are to be read, but not critically; and some few are to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books, also, may be read by deputy, and extracts received from them which are made by others; but they should be only the meaner sort of books, and the less important arguments of those which are better; otherwise, distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

5. Reading makes a full man; conversation, a ready man; and writing, an exact man. Therefore, if a man write little, he needs a great memory; if he converse little, he wants a present wit; and if he read little, he ought to have much cunning, that he may seem to know what he does not. His tory makes men wise; poetry makes them witty; mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral philosophy

grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend; nay, there is no obstruction to the human faculties but what may be overcome by proper studies.

Exercise 4-Illustrating Rule 4, Page 20.

1. Like other tyrants, death delights to smite
What, smitten, most proclaims the pride of power
And arbitrary nod. His joy supreme,
To bid the wretch survive the fortunate;
The feeble wrap the athletic in his shroud;
And weeping fathers build their children's tomb:
Me, thine, NARCISSA! - What though short thy date?
Virtue, not rolling suns, the mind matures.

2. That life is long, which answers life's great end;
The tree that bears no fruit, deserves no name.
The man of wisdom, is the man of years
NARCISSA'S youth has lectured me thus far.
And can her gayety give counsel too?
That, like the Jew's famed oracle of gems,
Sparkles instruction; such as throws new light,
And opens more the character of death;
Ill known to thee, LORENZO; this thy vaunt:
"Give death his due, the wretched, and the old;
Let him not violate kind nature's laws,
But own man born to live as well as die."
Wretched and old thou givest him; young and gay
He takes; and plunder is a tyrant's joy.

3. Fortune, with youth and gayety conspired

To weave a triple wreath of happiness,

(If happiness on earth,) to crown her brow,

And could death charge through such a shining shield?
That shining shield invites the tyrant's spear,

As if to damp our elevated aims,

And strongly preach humility to man.

O, how portentous is prosperity!

How, comet-like, it threatens, while it shines!

Few years but yield us proof of death's ambition,
To cull his victims from the fairest fold,

And sheath his shafts in all the pride of life.

4. When flooded with abundance, and purpled o'er
With recent honors, bloomed with every bliss,
Set up in ostentation, made the gaze,

The gaudy center, of the public eye;
When fortune thus has tossed her child in air,
Snatched from the covert of an humble state,
How often have I seen him dropped at once,
Our morning's envy, and our evening's sigh

5. Death loves a shining mark, a signal blow;
A blow, which, while it executes, alarms;
And startles thousands with a single fall.

As when some stately growth of oak or pine,
Which nods aloft and proudly spreads her shade,
The sun's defiance and the flocks defence;
By the strong strokes of lab'ring hinds subdued,
Loud groans her last, and rushing from her height,
In cumb'rous ruin, thunders to the ground:
The conscious forest trembles at the shock,
And hill, and stream, and distant dale resound.

Exercise 5-Illustrating Rule 1, Page 18.

1. Banished from Rome! what's banished, but set free From daily contact of the things I loathe?

"Tried and convicted traitor!" Who says this?

my head?

my

chain !

It breaks
this hour
Smile on, my lords,

Who 'll prove it, at his peril, on
Banished? I thank you for 't.
I held some slack allegiance till
But now my sword's my own.
I scorn to count what feelings, withered hopes,
Strong provocations, bitter, burning wrongs,
I have within my heart's hot cells shut up,
To leave you in your lazy dignities.

2. But here I stand and scoff you: Hatred and full defiance in your face.

- here I fling

Your Consul's merciful.

For this all thanks.

He dares not touch a hair of Catiline.

"Traitor!" I go- but I return.

This trial!

Here I devote your senate! I've had wrongs,
To stir a fever in the blood of age,

Or make the infant's sinews strong as steel.

This day's the birth of sorrows! — This hour's work

Will breed proscriptions. Look to your hearths, my lords;
For there henceforth shall sit, for household gods,
Shapes hot from Tartarus! - all shames and crimes;·
Wan treachery, with his thirsty dagger drawn ;
Suspicion, poisoning his brother's cup;
Naked rebellion, with the torch and ax,

Making his wild sport of your blazing thrones;
Till anarchy comes down on you like night,
And massacre seals Rome's eternal grave.

CHAPTER IV.

INFLECTION.

INFLECTION is a modification of the voice in reading or speaking, commonly referring to the upward and downward slides.

We shall consider Inflection under the four following heads; viz., Rising Inflection, Falling Inflection, Circumflex, and Monotone.

The first is marked thus ('); the second thus (`); the third thus (~); and the fourth thus (−).

It should be distinctly remembered, that, although each of the above characters indicates an inflection of voice the same in kind, yet in degree, intensity, and significant expressiveness, there is a great variety of shades. Any attempt, therefore, to give definite rules, touching the minor shades of modification, would rather perplex than aid the learner. Good sense, a correct taste, and a delicate ear, will ordinarily adapt the more graceful inflections to the spirit of the piece in the best way, and the most natural manner.

QUESTIONS. What is inflection? Under what four heads is it treated? How are the soveral inflections marked? What is said of the shades of inflection ?

The Rising and Falling Inflections

The RISING INFLECTION is an upward turn o slide of the voice; as, Will you go to-day?

The FALLING INFLECTION is a downward turn or slide of the voice; as, Where has he gone?

The falling slide is sometimes mistaken for the rising, when it is attended with strong emphasis. If the learner is in doubt which has been employed, let him use the doubtful word in the form of a question, thus: Did I say home or home? In the rising slide, it must be remembered that the voice rises from the general pitch gradually to its highest note; in the falling, it commences above the general pitch and falls down to it, but not below, as in a cadence.

RULE 1. Direct questions, or those that can be answered by yes or no, generally require the rising inflection, and the answers the falling.

EXAMPLES.

Will you go to Baltimore? Nò.

Have you been to New York? Yes.

Are we to interfere in the Greek cause? Certainly not.

Did Clodius waylay Mílo? He did.

Do temptations surround you? Trust in God.

Think you they will come to-day? No, to-morrow.

Was that man George Washington? It wàs.

Does he pronounce correctly? He does not.

Keep you the watch to-night? We dò, my lord.
Can nothing more be dóne for him? Nothing.

EXCEPTION 1. Direct questions, when attended with earnestness and strong emphasis, the answers being anticipated, take the falling inflection.

QUESTIONS. What is the rising inflection? Give the example. How does the falling inflection affect the voice? Will you give one example? What effect has strong emphasis on this inflection? When the learner is in doubt, how can he determine the inflection? In the falling inflection, at what pitch or note does the voice start, and where end? What is Rule First? Will you give an example? How does the voice end in a cadence? What is Exception First ?