diseases, it being kept in mind that there are many which are not touched at all:

1. Typhoid Fever.-He has probably written more extensively about this disease than any other. General and special papers, reports on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, etc., have all appeared. The wider problems have been considered, and there is probably no clinician who has made so many valuable contributions on this subject. The necessity of the careful study of the two great acute diseases, typhoid fever and pneumonia, has been an oft-emphasized point in his writing and teaching.

2. Tuberculosis.-There are many articles on this subject, and to go over them would be to state almost every feature of the disease. The section on tuberculosis in the Loomis-Thompson system of medicine was written by him. Perhaps no one thing in his writings on this subject has been more quoted than the application of the parable of the sower. The use of Bunyan's phrase, “Captain of the Men of Death," has also gone into the literature.

3. Cerebrospinal Fever.-This was the subject of the Cavendish lecture delivered before the West London Medico-Chirurgical Society in 1899. There are articles dealing with special phases of the disease.

4. Parasitic Diseases. -Two of these, malarial fever and amebic dysentery, should be mentioned. With the first observation of the ameba dysenteriae in this country his name is associated.

5. Cretinism and Myxoedema.-On these subjects he has written extensively. The most elaborate article was that on cretinism presented to the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons in 1897.

6. Neurological Subjects.-There are many papers in this department too numerous to be detailed. The most important are the monographs on the "Cerebral Palsies of Children" and on "Chorea and Choreiform Affections." There are several articles on the tics.

7. Cardiovascular System.-There are few conditions of the heart and vessels which he has not discussed. Endocarditis, aneurism, intermittent claudication and arteriosclerosis may be mentioned. The largest work is the monograph on "Angina Pectoris."

8. The Blood.-The studies on the blood plates have already been noted. Of the special blood diseases pernicious anemia has perhaps received the most attention. On splenic anemia he has written much and has studied a large number of cases. The condition of chronic polycythemia with other features has been specially described by him.

9. Gastric and Hepatic Diseases. Of his writings on stomach conditions the monograph on "Cancer of the Stomach" may be noted. He discussed the subject of gastric atrophy some years ago. Of the papers on hepatic disorders perhaps the most impor

tant are those dealing with the symptoms associated with stone in the common duct. Amebic abscess of the liver has also received attention.

10. Trophic Diseases.-There are many papers on these subjects. Scleroderma, Raynaud's disease and angioneurotic edema have been discussed in many papers.

To give merely the headings of subjects on which he has written gives no idea of the scope and variety of his writings. To give a detailed list would require much more space than is available. On diagnosis he has written a well-known work, "Lectures on the Diagnosis of Abdominal Tumors." Throughout his writings there is everywhere emphasis laid on the importance of diagnosis. There is always the reminder that correct diagnosis must precede proper treatment. The saying of Celsus has been kept in mind "Vero eum curaturum recte, quem prima origo causae non fefellerit." In therapeutics he has held that a correct estimate of the exact condition was the first requisite; then can come intelligent treatment. But a well-based skepticism as to the value of much which is considered good treatment by drugs is evident in his teaching and writing. Fresh air, sunlight, general hygiene and diet are always emphasized as important. The giving of drugs is only a part.

To his greatest work, the "Practice of Medicine," it is hardly necessary to refer. Used perhaps more widely than any textbook in the English language, it is so well known that any reference to it is unnecessary. It stands as the best example of his methods.

To give an idea of the style of his writing would be difficult. To those who are familiar with it any such attempt is a work of supererogation; to those who are not-if there be any such who read this, which is unlikely-the advice can only be given to learn at first hand. Perhaps of those who write on medicine in English at the present time two stand out as having the most distinctive style. They are the regius professors of medicine at Oxford and Cambridge-William Osler and Clifford Allbutt. It is a fit coincidence that the representatives of our art in the chairs of medicine at these two universities should be examples of the best development of an English style.

Of the influence of his professional work this seems hardly the proper time to speak. He has ever stood for exact and careful work, for rational methods of teaching, for intelligently-directed treatment, and above all for the exercise of charity by members of the profession both to their patients and to each other. In his speech at the dinner given by the profession in New York on May 2, Dr. Osler said that there were two things for which he had striven to become a good clinical teacher and physician, and to establish a clinic along Teutonic lines. That he has succeeded in these is very evident; that he has succeeded in many other things we all know just as surely.

DR. OSLER'S METHODS AS A TEACHER.

WHEN a great loss occurs in any system it is inevitable that upon the cause of that upheaval shall be focused the eyes of everyone. And so in the departure of Dr. Osler, the acknowledged leader of American medicine, American physicians, to each of whom his going is a distinct personal loss, all see, as in a glass clearly, what he has been to them, what he has represented in their scheme of life, what note he has touched in their minds and souls that had he never come into their lives would have remained mute until the end of time.

Some, blessed of the gods and yet by the gods bereft, see in his departure the going of a friend strong, stimulating, ennobling; to others there fades into the East a shape which has cheered them when sorrowing and brought light into their darkness; the city of his adoption mourns the loss of a great and good citizen, one whose voice has rung out loud for civic right and civic virtue. But the loss has fallen heaviest upon the American medical fraternity in general and Dr. Osler's students at the Johns Hopkins in particular, who mourn the departure of the great teacher, who by word and by deed, by the loud voice from the hilltop, by the small voice from the study, has shown them as no one else could the true path of the true physician.

In trying to discuss Dr. Osler as a teacher it is in a sense trying to paint the unpaintable, to grasp the intangible, to penetrate a genius which is impenetrable. And yet, even bereft of the personality of the man, divorced from the ever-present magnetic charm so peculiarly his own, his methods of teaching medicine are epochmaking in the education of the American medical student. Many of his views upon this subject are expressed in two of his essays "On the Need of a Radical Reform in Our Methods of Teaching Senior Students" and "The Master Word in Medicine," and every teacher in this oldest of professions should read these, for they will be richer in knowledge and better able to cope with their daily problems for the reading.

As he says, "Improvement in medical education has been in three directions in demanding of the student a better general education, in lengthening the period of professional study and in the substi