has been taken to make the chapters on the various branches of the science sound as far as they go, but the more advanced work must be left to special students.
While the various departments of the science of Man are extremely multifarious, ranging from body to mind, from language to music, from fire-making to morals, they are all matters to whose nature and history every wellinformed person ought to give some thought. It is much, however, for any single writer to venture to deal even in the most elementary way with so immense a variety of subjects. In such a task I have the right to ask that errors and imperfections should be lightly judged. I could not have attempted it at all but for the help of friends eminent in various branches of the science, whom I have been able to consult on doubtful and difficult points. My acknowledgments are especially due to Professor Huxley and Dr. E. A. Freeman, Sir Henry Maine, Dr. Birch, Mr. Franks, Professor Flower, Major-General Pitt-Rivers, Professor Sayce, Dr. Beddoe, Dr. D. H. Tuke, Professor W. K. Douglas, Mr. Russell Martineau, Mr. R. Garnett, Mr. Henry Sweet, Mr. Rudler, and many other friends whom I can only thank unnamed. The illustrations of races are engraved from photographic portraits, many of them taken by the permission of Messrs. Dammann of Huddersfield from their valuable Albums of Ethnological Photographs.
Differences of Race, 56-Stature and Proportions, 56-Skull, 60—
Features, 62-Colour, 66—Hair, 71-Constitution, 73-Tempera.
ment, 74-Types of Races, 75-Permanence, 80-Mixture, 80-
Variation, 84--Races of Mankind classified, 87.
Sign-making, 114-Gesture-language, 114-Sound-gestures,
Natural Language, 122-Utterances of Animals, 122-Emotional
and Imitative Sounds in Language, 124-Change of Sound and
Sense, 127-Other expression of Sense by Sound, 128-Children's
Words, 128-Articulate Language, its relation to Natural Lan-
guage, 129 Crigin of Language, 130.
Articulate Speech, 132-Growth of Meanings, 133-Abstract Words,
135-Real and Grammatical Words, 136-Parts of Speech, 138—
Sentences, 139-Analytic Language, 139-Word Combination, 140
-Synthetic Language, 141—Affixes, 142—Sound-change, 143–—
Roots, 144-Syntax, 146-Government and Concord, 147-Gender,
149--Development of Language, 150.
Adoption and loss of Language, 152-Ancestral Language, 153-
Families of Language, 155-Ar, an, 156-Semitic, 159-Egyptian,
Berber, &c., 160-Tatar or Turanian, 161-South-East Asian, 162
-Malayo Polynesian, 163-Dravidian, 164-African, Bantu, Hot-
tentot, 164-American, 165-Early Languages and Races, 165.
Development of Instruments, 183-Club, Hammer, 184-Stone-flake,
185-Hatchet, 188—Sabre, Knife, 189-Spear, Dagger, Sword, 190
-Carpenter's Tools, 192-Missiles, Javelin, 193-Sling, Spear-
thrower, 194-Bow and Arrow, 195-Blow tube, Gun, 196—
Mechanical Power, 197-Wheel-Carriage, 198-Hand-mill, 200—
Drill, Lathe, 202-Screw, 203-Water-mill, Wind-mill, 204.
Quest of wild food, 206-Hunting, 207-Trapping, 211-Fishing, 212
-Agriculture, 214-Implements, 216-Fields, 218-Cattle, pa-tur-
age, 219-War, 221-Weapons, 221-Armour, 222-Warfare of
lower tribes, 223—of higher nations, 225.
Dwellings :-Caves, 229-Huts, 230-Tents, 231-Houses, 231-Stone
and Brick Building, 232-Arch, 235-Development of Archi-
tecture, 235-Dress :-Painting skin, 236-Tattooing, 237-De-
formation of Skull, &c., 240-Ornaments, 241-Clothing of Bark,
Skin, &c., 244-Mats, 246-Spinning, Weaving, 246-Sewing,
249-Garments, 249-Navigation :-Floats, 252-Boats, 253-
Rafts, 255-Outriggers, 255-Paddles and Oars, 256-Sails, 256-
Galleys and Ships, 257.
Fire, 260-Cookery, 264-Bread, &c., 266-Liquors, 268-Fuel, 270
-Lighting, 272-Vessels, 274-Pottery, 274-Glass, 276-Metals,
277-Bronze and Iron Ages, 278-Barter, 281-Money, 282-
Commerce, 285.
|