EXHIBIT 21

203, 212, 877

22, 549, 815

11.1 133,567, 845

13, 071, 943

9.8

521, 758

2,991

1 "Black Elected Officials in the South," V.E.P. News, vol. 2, No. 2, February 1968.

2 Voter education project, "Black Elected Officials in the South," Atlanta, Ga., January 1969.

3 Voter Education Project and Metropolitan Applied Research Center, "National Roster of Black Elected Officials," Atlanta, Ga., and Washington, D.C., February 1970.

4 Joint Center for Political Studies, "National Roster of Black Elected Officials," Washington, D.C., March 1971.

• Voter education project, "Black Elected Officials in the South," Feb. 3, 1972.

• Voter education project, "Black Elected Officials in the South," January 1973.

7 Joint Center for Political Studies, 1974 Roster of Black Elected Officials, Washington, D.C.

PERCENT OF POPULATION 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER WHO HAVE COMPLETED LESS THAN 5
YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, 1960 AND 19701

EXHIBIT 23-Continued

PERCENT OF POPULATION 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER WHO HAVE COMPLETED LESS THAN 5 YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, 1960 AND 1970

Continued

1 Statistical information for this chart taken from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Reports PC (1), table 47, vol. 1, pts. 2-52, for each of the States and the District of Columbia; and Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1), table 51, vols. C2-C52, for each of the States and the District of Columbia.

2 For purposes of this chart "nonwhite" persons are identified as Negro, American Indian, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Asian Indian, Malayan. 1960 Introduction to Final Report PC (1), vol. I, pts. 2-52.

3 For purposes of this chart "Persons of Spanish Heritage" are identified in the 1970 census, above cited publication, appendix B, as follows: (a) 42 States and the District of Columbia-"persons of Spanish language'' which is comprised of persons of Spanish mother tongue and all other persons in families in which the head or wife reported Spanish as his or her mother tongue; (b) Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas-persons of Spanish language as well as persons with Spanish surnames; (c) New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania-persons of Puerto Rican birth or parentage. * States with literacy tests or devices as prerequisites to voting prior to 1970.

Note: In 1960, persons of "Spanish heritage" were classified as white. Introduction to Final Report PC (1). A Special 1960 Report of Persons of Spanish Surname, Report PC (2)-1B tabulated social and economic data for white persons of Spanish surname in 5 Southwestern states (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas). It does not, however, contain data comparable to the statistics expressed by this chart.

EXHIBIT 24

STATES WHICH HAVE LAWS PROVIDING FOR A TEST OR DEVICE AS DEFINED BY SEC. 4(c) OF THE VOTING

1 "Constitution of Alabama:" "[only those] who can... read and write any article of the Constitution of the United States in the English language [shall be qualified to register]." See also Alabama Code, title 17, sec. 32.

Alabama code, title 17, sec. 31 provides: "The Board of Registers shall require an applicant to submit proof of his or her ability to read and write [by submitting] a certificate of literacy." Alternatively, the applicant may submit a diploma showing completion of 8th grade, a college matriculation card, or a letter from a college official.

2 Alternative requirements of voters who are not able to comply with that State's other requirements.

3 "Constitution of Connecticut," article VI, sec. 1: "Every citizen of the United States... who is able to read in the English language any article of the Constitution or any section of the statutes of this state, and who sustains a good moral character, shail... be an elector." The statutes implementing these provisions were amended in 1973 to delete any references to literacy requirements. See Connecticut general statute annotated, secs. 9-12 and 9-20.

"Constitution of Delaware," article V, sec. 2 provides: "[N]o person.... have the right to vote unless he shall be able to read this Constitution in the English language and write his name...." See also Delaware code annotated, title 15, sec. 1701, implementing this provision.

"Constitution of Georgia, sec. 2-704, limits the right to vote to: "(1) All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government, or, (2) "All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars." Those unable to comply with these requirements because of physical disability may vote if they can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them...." The statutes implementing these provisions were deleted in 1969. See Georgia code annotated, sec. 34-617 to 618. "Constitution of Idaho," article VI, sec. 3, disqualifies from voting, inter alia, all persons who are members of organizations which teach, advise, counsel, encourage or aid persons to enter into bigamy or polygamy. See also Idaho code, sec. 34-404.

7 The reading and writing requirement is provided in Louisiana revised statute, title 18, sec. 31(3): "[H]e shall be able to read and write. . sec. 31(2) provides the good character and understanding requirement: "He shall be of good character and shall understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government." Sec. 36 grants an exception for those who cannot read: "If the registrant cannot read or write, he may register if he is a person of good character and reputation . . . and understands and can give a reasonable interpretation of [the United States or Louisiana] constitution when read to him ." If the applicant is unable to write his application by reason of physical disability or inability to write, he must bring "with him two qualified electors of the precinct in which he resides to sign written affidavits attesting to the truth of the facts set forth in the application form." Louisiana revised statute, title 18, sec. 31(5). All of these statutory provisions may be adopted at the option of each parish. See acts 1968, No. 622, sec. 2. Louisiana has ratified a new constitution effective Dec. 31, 1974. It is not clear what effect this will have on the current statutory provisions. Article I, sec. 10, provides: "Every citizen of the State, upon reaching 18 years of age, shall have the right to register and vote. . . ." However, article XI, sec. I, provides: "The legislature shall adopt an election code which shall provide for permanent registraion of voters and for the conduct of all elections.

"Constitution of Maine," article II, sec. 1: "No persons shall have the right to vote... who shall not be able to read the Constitution in the English language, and write his name...." The statutes implementing these provisions were amended in 1971 to delete any references to literacy requirements. See Maine revised statute annotated, title 21, secs. 241 and 1579.

"Constitution of Mississippi", article 12, sec. 244 requires that voters be able to read and write. See also Mississippi code annotated, secs 3209.7, 3235, implementing this provision.

10 "Constitution of New Hampshire", pt. 1, article 2, provides that a voter must be able to write and to read in such manner as to show that he is not being assisted in so doing and is not reciting from memory. See also New Hampshire revised statute annotated, sec. 55:10, implementing this provision.

11 "Constitution of New York, article 2, sec. 1: "No person shall become entitled to vote . . . unless such person is also able, except for physical disability, to read and write English." See also New York elections law, secs. 150, 168, implementing this provision.

12 "Constitution of North Carolina," article VI, sec. 84: "Every person presenting himself for registration shall be able to read and write any section of the Constitution in the English language." See also North Carolina general statute, sec. 163-58, implementing this provision.

13 Constitution of South Carolina," article II, sec. 4(d): "The General Assembly may require each person to demonstrate a reasonable ability . . . to read and write the English language as a condition to becoming entitled to vote." See South Carolina code annotated, sec. 23-62(4): "Any person... shall be registered: Provided, that he can both read and write any section of this Constitution submitted to him." Sec. 23-62(4) provides that as alternative to the literacy test, a person may be registered if he "has paid all taxes collectible during the previous year on property in this State assessed at three hundred dollars ($300) or more."

The State constitutional literacy provision formerly was identical to the statutory provision. In 1971, the Constitution was amended to read in its present form. The statutory provision was not disturbed

14 "Constitution of Washington," article 6, sec 1, amendment 5, requires that voters be able to speak and read English. 15 "Constitution of Wyoming," article 6, sec. 9, provides that voters must be able to read the constitution. (Note: Statutes implementing this provision have been repealed.)

Note: The following States have repealed in the year indicated sec. 4(c) tests or devices since the enactment of the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970: Alaska (1970), Arizona (1970), California (1972), Hawaii (1968 and 1972), Massachusetts (1971), Oklahoma (1964 and 1965), Oregon (1971), Virginia (1970).