the ultimate syllable, e. g. Gen. 25:15. Ex. 16 : 23. 23: 4. ; but if it be on the penult, it remains single, e. g. nn nng Is. 60:17. Eccl. 5:7.

c. When it is in connection with two preceding words, the second has Kadhma, and the first, if less separated from the second than the last is from its following one, takes T'lisha K'tanna, thus (' ), e. g. DÍDO DEN S Gen. 13: 1. 14:13. 18: 19. 19: 15. Deut. 1:28.; but if this be not the case, the first takes T'lisha Gh'dhola, e. g.

.34:25 .31:52 .Gen וְאִם־אַתָּה לֹא־תַעֲבֹר אֵלַי

2. When a word with T'lisha Gh'dhola (') or T'lisha K'tanna (`) is in connective relation to a preceding word or words, each of these latter takes their servant Munahh, even when there are more than two, contrary to the rule § 1142. 2. ; for as these are among the weakest of the disjunctives, a preceding accent with even a slight disjunctive power would form a separate clause, e. g. Gen. 19: 2. 30: 33, 35.,

1 Kings 2: 5.

3. a. Pazer (*) is frequently employed before T'lisha K'tanna or Kadhma, and indicates a greater degree of separation than either of them,* e. g. N N N 5 Gen. 31: 42. Lev. 27:28. Num. 4:46. 7:1., 75-by Gen. 32:33. But when several words are equally related to the final word of the clause, they

.Sam 2 וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְנֵר אֶל־דָּוִד אָקוּמָה וְאֵלְכָה וגו' .all take Pazer, e. g .4 18 : 15 .Chron 1 זְכַרְיָהוּ בֶן וְיַעֲזִיאֵל וּשְׁמִירָמוֹת וגו' .3 :20 .13:21

b. When a word with Pazer is in connection with one or more preceding words, each of these latter takes Munahh (see 2. above), e. g.

אִישׁ אִישׁ כִּי־יִהְיֶה טָמֵא .10:25 .8:65 .2:5 Kings 1 וְגַם אַתָּה .9:10 .Num לָנֶפֶשׁ

4. P'cik () is the weakest of all the disjunctive accents, and is employed only after one of the conjunctives, in cases where the connective relation of a word to the following one, although not sufficiently close to admit a conjunctive, is still too much so for the reception of a simple disjunctive.

The Masora reckons sixteen instances in which Karne Phara () is employed with its servants Yerahh ben Yomo () and Munahh instead of Pazer,

Jer. 13 13.; which again is sometimes preceded by Pazer, as in Josh. 19:51.

2. Division of the Verse.

§ 1147. The use of the major disjunctive accents for the division of the verse into clauses, which remains to be exhibited (see § 1145. 2.), is not regulated exclusively by the logical degree of separation existing between these clauses, but by the relative completeness of each clause in itself as compared with the rest, with the exception of the pause at the end of the verse (see § 1139).

§ 1148. As each verse, whatever its logical relation to the following may be, is regarded as complete within itself, its last word always receives the great disjunctive Cilluk (§ 1146. I.). The termination of the verse being thus determined, the other principal disjunctives are disposed according to the number and relative completeness of the clauses which it may contain. Thus,

1. When a verse consists of a simple proposition, and is hence considered as forming but a single clause, it can receive none but the

TTT!

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב,.1: 43 .Gen וְהָרָעָב כָּבֵד בָּאָרֶץ .relative disjunctives, e. g

.6:8 .Gen בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה

7 Gen. 1:13. 2:1. Lev. 7: 22, 28., 7832 Dij

2. But when a verse is considered to contain two logically distinct clauses, the first of them is terminated by the second independent disjunctive Athnahh, either with or without its respective attendants and

&c. &c.

3. When the verse contains another clause preceding that of Athnahh, it is designated by the first king C'gholta ( ̈), provided this latter can be preceded by Zarka (see § 1146. II. 1. a.); so that the verse is divided into three principal clauses, thus ( ̧ ̧ˆ), e. g. TÓN ÜY

87 Ex. 2:3, 7.

§ 1149. 1. The three principal disjunctives are thus disposed independently of each other, and chiefly in accordance with the logical

In this instance, as the reader will perceive, the division is rather relative than absolutely logical, as is often the case (see § 1139).

relation of the several parts of the verse; but into more than three independent clauses no verse however large can be divided, on account of the interference of the rhythmical principle (§ 1140). Each of these clauses however may contain one or more subdivisions, the accents denoting which are employed with relation to the chief disjunctive at its close. Thus a subdivision of the clause of either of the emperors Cilluk or Athnahh is made by Tiphhha (§ 1146. I. 2, 3, 4.).

2. The two kings Tiphhha and Zakeph Katon may be preceded by a clause which is either of inferior or of equal strength to their own.* Thus,

a. When a clause preceding that of Tiphhha is less complete in itself, it takes T'bhir, e. g. Gen. 32: 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12.; when equally so, it takes Zakeph Katon, e. g. py, mbwa

b. When a clause preceding that of Zakeph Katon is less complete, it takes Pashta, e. g. Gen. 1:14, 15, 16, 18.; and when equally so, it also takes Zakeph Katon, e. g. in

.20 : 14 .14 : 13 .Gen. 50: 13, 15. Ex בָנָיו אָרְצָה כְּנַעַן וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ

15: 9., and thus should even three occur in succession, as in Ex. 6:8. Deut. 19: 10. The same is the case with Zakeph Gadhol, e. g. 7

7 Ex. 16: 6. Gen. 20 : 4. Josh. 1: 14. 1 Sam. 14:42.

3. The princes R'bhi 'h (), Zarka (*), and Pashta (`), have a greater variety in their attendant disjunctives than the kings Tiphhha and Zakeph Katon. Thus, a. When a clause preceding one which is terminated by either of these princes is less complete in itself, it takes Geresh (');† b. when equally so, it takes T'lisha Gh'dhola ('); c. when more so, but less than that denoted by their following kings

As no accents employed relatively are of greater strength than these two kings, the accentuation is the same whether the preceding clause have an equal or a greater degree of separation.

When however Pashta is preceded by two clauses of this kind, the first takes R'bhi'h, and the second also takes Pashta, e. g. Dos Dhas ning da Be in Gen. 6:7. 31: 12. Num. 6:2. 16:13.; and the

ויֹּאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל־אַהֲרוֹן .same is the case when a minor clause intervenes, e. g .6:13 .Lev. 9:7. Ezek קְרַב אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וַעֲשָׂה אֶת־חַטָאתְךָ

A word preceding one

of the other princes, and which is less separated from its following one than is that which has the prince, takes Geresh ('), when it is itself preceded by only one that has a still less degree of separation, which last takes T'lisha K'tanna (`); but when it is preceded by two or more such, the word which should have Geresh takes instead the servant of the following disjunctive, and those preceding

(which we shall term relatively more complete), it takes R'bhi”h ('); d. and when equal to or even greater than that denoted by the following king (which we shall call absolutely more complete), it takes Zakeph Katon ('). The consecution of the kings and princes remains the same whether they are accompanied by their respective attendants

or not.

4. The officers T'lisha Gh’dhola ( ́), Pazer (*), and Geresh ( ́), take their attendant disjunctives in like manner with the princes. Thus,

a. a. When a clause preceding one with T'lisha Gh'dhola is less complete in itself, it takes Munahh with P'cik (,); p. if equally complete, it takes Pazer ('); 7. if more so, but less than that denoted by the following king, it takes R'bhia'h (`); 8. and if more so than that which its king denotes, it takes Zakeph Katon (').

b. In like manner Pazer is preceded, a. by Mar'cha with P'cik (', ); B. by Pazer ('); 7. by R'bhi 'h ('); 8. by Zakeph Katon (').

c. So too Geresh is preceded, a. by T'lisha K'tanna (*), if this latter be preceded by Kadhma (see § 1146. IV. 1. c.); B. by T'lisha Gh'dhola (*)when there are no T'lisha K'tanna and Kadhma, and Pazer (') when there is; 7. by R'bhi 'h; and, 8. by Zakeph Katon (`).

§ 1150. The following table will exhibit the consecution of all the prose accents at one view. The left hand division contains the several disjunctives with their respective servants among the conjunctives; and the right hand division their attendant disjunctives, arranged according as the degree of separation which these attendants denote is less, equal to, or relatively or absolutely greater (see § 1149. 3.) than that of the disjunctive which they precede.

it Kadhma and T'lisha K'tanna, e. g. Deut. 19:5. 21:8. 22:26. 24:13. Hence (') preceded by () is always Pashta, when both are preceded by R'bhi h; but when this is not the case, it is Kadhma.

§1151. The accents termed poetic are those employed in the three books Psalms, Proverbs, and Job (§ 52). They consist, like the prose accents, of disjunctives, which separate the verse into independent and relative clauses, and of conjunctives or servants used to show the connection between members of the same clause.

§1152. 1. The disjunctives are divided into three classes of different degrees of strength, called Emperors, Kings, and Princes.

a. The Emperors are Cilluk (,), Athnahh ( ̧), and Mar'cha with Mahpach (,), which answer to the Cilluk, Athnahh, and C'gholta of prose. Thus, Cilluk is always placed on the last word of a verse; Athnahh ends the principal division preceding it; and Mar'cha with Mahpach the division preceding that of Athnahh: that is, when there are three principal divisions or clauses in the verse; and more than three cannot occur (see § 1149. 1.), all other clauses being subordinate to these.