§ 728. An active participle which has for its complement a pronominal suffix may also receive the article, which refers properly not to the participle itself, but to a noun expressed or understood (§ 726), e. g. יְהוָה המוציאךְ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם .9:12 .he who smites him, Is המכה the Lord who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, Deut. 8: 14, 15, 16., the Lord who crowns thee, &c. Ps. 103 : 4. §729. From the above use of the article as a relative before participles, is derived its occasional employment for the same purpose with verbs, representing either the subject, e. g. in his son that was born to him, Gen. 21:3. Judg. 13: 8. 1 Chron. 29: 17., N inx xban nonbon the men of war who went with him, Josh. all who (are) in our כֹּל אֲשֶׁר בְּעָרֵינוּ הַהִשִׁיב נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת .10:24 .which the king and his coun הַהֵרִימוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ וְיֹעֲצָיו וגו' .object, e. g cities who have married strange women, Ezra 10:14, 17. ;* or the sellors, &c. had offered, Ezra 8:25., all that Samuel had dedicated, 1 Chron. 26: 28., ex n by on account of what God had prepared for the people, 2 Chron. 29: 36.† CHAPTER III. AGREEMENT. 730. HAVING shown in the preceding chapter when a word is made or considered definite, and when left indefinite, we shall now exhibit those changes which take place in the forms of attributives, whether predicative or qualificative, in consequence of their entering into a coördinate relation with nouns (see § 713. 1.). In other words, the object of the present chapter is to detail the rules of agreement, with the principles on which their application depends. • The other instances adduced by Gesenius, as 1 Sam. 9:24. 1 Kings 13:33. Is. 563. Dan. 8: 1. (see § 448), are rather to be viewed as participles. † As the infinitive has no subject, and cannot receive a relative for its object, it never takes the article; the only exception is , which is considered as an abstract noun (see § 720. II. 2. c.). A. § 731. 1. a. In a sentence containing a simple subject and a simple predicate, when the latter consists of a word which has no gender or number of itself, as an adjective, participle, or demonstrative pronoun, it assumes those of the noun it serves to specify, that is to say, the predicate agrees with its subject in gender and number. And this is the case whether they are connected by a copula or not. Thus, when the predicate is an adjective, e. g. Dy the serpent was cunning, Gen. 3: 1., in the Lord (is) good, Ps. ,and the slaughter there was great וַתְּהִי־שָׁם הַמַּגֵּפָה גְדוֹלָה,.145:9 2 Sam. 18:7., 6:5.; the wickedness of man (was) great, Gen. the men (were) good, 1 Sam. 25: 15., 82 nba ning the cities (are) walled (and) very great, Num. ז הָיוּ אֲנָשִׁים ;.3:17 .the ground (is) cursed, Gen אֲרוּרָה הָאֲדָמָה,.4:11 camels גְמַלִּים בָּאִים,.5 :19 .the men were ashamed, 1 Chron נִכְלָמִים (were) coming, Gen. 24: 63., our feet shall stand, lit. shall be standing, Ps. 122: 2., in the asses (were) feeding, Job 1:14. When a demonstrative pronoun, e. g. ban this (is) the first-born, Gen. 48: 18., TNT this (is) the woman, 2 Kings 8:5., these (are) the men, Ezek. 11 : 2. b. The same rules of agreement are observed by qualificative attributives. Thus adjectives, e. g. a good matter, Ps. 45:2., one day, Gen. 1:5., the mighty hand, Deut. T Ps. 22: 13., many women, Judg. 8: 30.; participles, e. g. ,many bulls פָּרִים רַבִּים .1 :11 .one lip, Gen שָׂפָה אַחַת .12: 34 לָשׁוֹן .12 :2 .a man speaking falsehoods, Prov אִישׁ מְדַבֵּר תַּהְפָּכוֹת עֲנַיִם רָמוֹת,.4: 12 .a tongue speaking proud things, Ps מדברת גדלות high looks, lit. eyes, Ps. 18: 28.; demonstratives, e. g. Dipen this place, Gen. 19:13., this well, Gen. 21: 30., 777 *.1 : 22 ,these words הָאֵלֶּה 2. a. When the predicate consists of more than one attributive, they all agree with the subject in gender and number, and are either placed together before it, e. g. in the Lord (is) good and upright, Ps. 25:8, 16.; or one is placed before, and the rest after it, e. g. bi our Lord (is) great and of great power, 147: 5. It may here be remarked that the few nouns which assume the dual form (see § 563) are treated with respect to agreement precisely as plurals of the same gender. b. When a noun has two or more qualificatives, they are all placed after it, agreeing with it in gender and number, e. g. DER PIX UN a righteous (and) perfect man, Gen. 6:9., E? Dan bæ DONT TO 1 a God merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abundant in mercy and truth, Ex. 34: 6., a is a good plagues great and lasting, and sicknesses grievous and lasting, Deut. 28:59. the the fear 3. a. When the subject consists of two or more nouns in regimen, the predicate agrees in gender and number with the first, or specified noun, that being the principal one, e. g. ning ning by of the Lord (is) pure, Ps. 19: 10., Spirit of God (was) brooding, Gen. 1: 2., on en and the cry of the people and of their wives was great, Neh. 5: 1., Pe abngby and, n the statutes of the Lord (are) right, rejoicing the heart, Ps. 19:9., these (are) the sons of Esau, Gen. 36:5. 37: 2. b. The same is the case with qualificatives appended to a noun in construction with another, e. g. in the good hand of TIT: the children of Israel בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה,.9 :7 his God, Ezra these rords of the דִּבְרֵי הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הָאֵלֶּה,.1:1 .who came into Egypt, Ex Philistine, 1 Sam. 17: 11. 4. When the subject consists of two or more nouns of the same gender connected by a conjunction, and denoting different persons or things, the predicate agrees with them in gender, and is put in the Saul שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן הַנֶּאֱהָבִים וְהַנְעִימִים בְּחַיֵּיהֶם .plural number, e. g and Jonathan (were) lovely and pleasant in their The same is the case with qualificatives, e. g. אֲסוּרִים the butler and the baker who (were) bound, Gen. 40: 5. 5. a. When the nouns thus constituting the subject are of different genders, the attributive generally takes the masculine form, which is considered as the principal one, on account of the prominent part played by the male sex in the affairs of life and consequently in narrations,* e. g. 18:11., Abraham and Sarah (were) old, Gen. Manoah and (his) wife (were) looking on, thy sons and thy בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנוֹתֶיךָ נִתְנִים לְעַם אַחֵר .20 ,19 : 2013 .Judg The classical reader will here recognise the construction of the Greek and Latin, as ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἀγαθοί εἰσιν, Π. σ'. 567., pater mihi et mater mortui sunt, Ter. daughters (shall be) given to another people, Deut. 28:32.; see also 1 Kings 7:5. 20: 3. Neh. 9: 13. Job 1 : 13., &c.* b. The same rule is followed by qualificatives attached to nouns of different genders, e. g. inip good statutes and commandments, Neh. 9: 13. § 732. 1. It is a common idiom of the Hebrew to employ instead of an adjective, an abstract noun denoting the quality to be predicated of the subject, an emphatic construction, also found in ancient classical as well as in modern poetry. Here of course the rules of agreement do not apply; since predicates of this kind have a gender and number of their own, not depending on those of other words, .the earth was emptiness and vacuity, i. e הָאָרֶץ הָיְתָה תהוּ וָבֹהוּ .e. g T: IT T: IT: empty and void, Gen. 1:2. Is. 1:7., p orban then shall the all the pays of the Lord (are) mercy and כָּל־אָרְחֹת יְהוָה חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת truth, i. e. merciful and true, Ps. 25: 10., 2. Material nouns are employed in like manner instead of adjectives derived from them, e. g. thy forehead (is) brass, i. e. brazen, Is. 48: 4., any nabti aban all the drinking vessels of king Solomon (were) gold, i. e. made of gold, golden, 2 Chron. 9:20. B. § 733. 1. When the predicate is a verb, it agrees with its subject not only in gender and number (§ 731. 1. a.), but also in person thus, third person, e. g. he shall bruise thee, Gen. 3: 15., 77 and Cain said, 4:13., 787 in and the earth brought forth, 1:12., and the וַתִּפָּקַחְנָה עֵינֵי שְׁנֵיהֶם,.14: 12 ,the Egyptians san וַיִּרְאוּ הַמִּצְרִים eyes of both of them were opened, 3:7.; second person, e. g. and thou shalt bruise him, 3:15., TN thou knowest, 1 Kings 2:15., DAYT DAN ye (masc.) know, Gen. 44:27., and ye (fem.) know, 31: 6.; first person, e. g. will go also, Zech. 8:21., we will go up, Deut. 1 : 41. 2. When there are two or more verbs to a single subject, the first is usually placed before, and the rest after it (see § 731. 2. a.), e. g. 237 E and the waters prevailed, and increased greatly, Gen. Sometimes, however, when the last noun is feminine, the predicate following my anger and my fury (shall it is put in the same gender, e. g. be) poured out, Jer. 7:20. IT the children of Israel, and said to them, Deut. 5: 1., 717) DIE) 187) many shall see (it), and fear, and trust in the Lord, Ps. 40:4. Sometimes however, especially when the subject is a compound one, two verbs constituting its predicate are placed before it, e. g. and the children of Reuben, &c. returned וַיָּשְׁבוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן וגו' let those shoul יָרֹנּוּ וְיִשְׂמְחוּ חָפְצֵי צִדְקִי .9 :22 .and departed, Josh and rejoice who favour my righteous cause, Ps. 35: 27. 3. a. When the subject consists of two or more nouns in regimen, the verb usually agrees with the first (see § 731. 3. a.), e. g. in? Ay b the daughter of Pharaoh came down, Ex. 2:5., and וַתֵּרֶד בַּת־פַּרְעֹה .9:16 .thus says the Lord of hosts, Jer צְבָאוֹת ve נְשֵׁי לָמֶךְ הַאֲזִנָּה אִמְרָתִי .17 : 16 ,and the children of Israel did so wives of Lamech, listen to my speech, Gen. 4: 23. b. But when the verb follows the subject, it sometimes agrees with the specifying noun, near which it is placed, e. g. on nij the fields of Heshbon languish, lit. languishes, Is. 16:8., נֶגַע צָרַעַת כִּי .16 :4 .the anger of the Lord has divided them, Lam חִלְקָם מִסְפַּר .9 : 13 .when the plague of leprosy is in a man, Lev תִהְיֶה בְּאָדָם however מִסְפָּר) the number of years is hidden, lit. are hidden, Job 15:20. may be taken as a collective, see § 735. 2.). This occurs oftenest both with verbs and participles in cases where the second noun is the principal one, as for instance when the first is ip voice, used pleonastically for the sake of emphasis, e. g. the voice of thy brother's blood (is) crying to me, equivalent to, thy brother's blood is crying aloud to me, Gen. 4: 10., קול .10:22 .behold the sound of the rumour is come, Jer הִנֵּה בָאָה IT: the voice of the nobles was restrained, Job 29: 10. 4. a. When the subject consists of two or more nouns of the same gender connected by a conjunction, the verb agrees with them in gender, and is usually put in the plural number (see § 731. 4.), e. g. ומשה,.7:20 .and Moses and Aaron did so, Ex וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵן משה ואהרן and Moses and Aaron did all these וְאַהֲרֹן עָשׂוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּפְתִים הָאֵלֶּה and Aarom וַיִּסְמְכוּ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם וגו' .10: 11 .wonders, Ex and his sons laid their hands, &c. Lev. 8:18, 22., ip Adah and Zillah, hear my voice, Gen. 4:23., Bab 3 ngày mǝbba mba so Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah were married (lit. became wives) to their uncles' sons, Num. 36: 11. b. But when the verb stands before the nouns, it frequently agrees with the first, or nearest to it, in the singular, e. g. |