Ps. 29: 6. &c.; so too Carmel (the vineyard), without the article in Is. 32:15. 33: 9. Nah. 1:4. The following two likewise take the article, viz. Pisgah, Num. 23: 14., c. To the name of the principal river of Palestine, Peor, v. 28. the Jordan, which in prose always takes the article, except when in construction with a definite noun (see § 717. II. 2. b.), thus Jordan of Jericho, i. e. near Jericho, Num. 35: 1.; although in poetry it occa. sionally appears without it, as in Ps. 42: 7. Job 40:23. 4. The article of preeminence is likewise prefixed to nouns in the vocative, to give additional point to the exclamation, e. g. INT 1787 J200) Dra give ear, O heavens; and hear, O earth! Deut. 32:1. Is. 42: 19. Joel 1: 2., by O Baal, answer us! 1 Kings by come up, ye horses; and rage, ye 18:26., come from the four מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת בֹּאִי הָרוּחַ .9 : 46 .chariots! Jer winds, O spirit! Ezek. 37: 9.* § 722. The demonstrative article is the definite article employed with certain nouns denoting time, to restrict their meaning to that period in which the time of narration is situated, whence it has the force of a demonstrative pronoun, e. g. to-day this day (Lat. hodie, i. e. hoc die), Gen. 4:14. 1 Sam. 12:17., to-night= this night, Gen. 19: 5. 30: 15., Dy this time, Gen. 29: 35. 30:20. Ex. 9:27.† = Use of the Article with Adjectives and Pronouns. §723. Adjectives when standing alone and referring to a noun. understood, may always be rendered definite by the reception of the article in the same manner as nouns, e. g. the wise (man), ó cógos, the wicked, oi doɛßeis. And since the adjective must always belong to a noun either implied in the expression, as in the above instances, or previously mentioned, the article, which properly refers to such noun, may be resolved into a relative, thus hence we may term the article thus employed the relative article. § 724. The rules which relate to the prefixing of the article to nouns apply equally whether the noun be found in the subject or predicate The New Testament writers employ the article in a similar manner, e. g. ὁ υἱός, Mark 10 : 47., ὁ Θεός, Luke 18:11., οἱ πατέρες, Eph. 6 : 4. † So Arab. 90 JI, Pers. الْيَوْمَ to-day; Arab., Pers.ļ to-night. of a proposition. The case, however, is different with regard to attributives, such as adjectives and demonstrative pronouns: since these when employed as predicatives to ascribe certain attributes to the noun, are not affected by the latter's definiteness, and consequently never receive the article; while a qualificative, which is viewed in immediate connection with the noun to which it belongs, must agree with it in this as in all other respects. We will therefore exhibit them first as predicatives and then as qualificatives. I. 1. In Hebrew a predicative adjective is considered, not as a specifying appendage to the noun to which it refers, but as the representative of an abstract quality which the proposition assigns to or predicates of its subject; and on this account it can never take the article even when the noun itself is definite,* e. g. 78 ni the land (is) good, Deut. 1: 25., this city (is) near, your wickedness (is) great, 1 Sam. 12: 17., Jehovah (is) gracious and merciful, &c. Ps. Gen. 19: 20., 37 145:8., 2 the works of Jehovah (are) great, Ps. 111 : 2. 2. The same is the case with demonstrative pronouns employed as predicates, e. g. ing may hun beg this (is) the thing which the Lord commanded, i. e. the thing is this, &c. Ex. 35: 4., NT NT this (is) the woman, 2 Kings 8: 5., - these (are) the sons of Joseph, Num. 26:37. II. 1. An attributive employed as a qualificative is viewed as an appendage to the noun to which it belongs, and is consequently placed after such noun, whereas a predicative attribute most commonly precedes it. It also agrees with its noun as to the reception or nonreception of the article as well as in other respects. Thus, a qualificative adjective is placed, a. Without the article after an indefinite noun, e. g. 72 a wise son, Prov. 10: 1., nạn mạio yas a good and broad land, Ex. 3: 8., ,beautiful women נָשִׁים יָפוֹת .12:17 .great plagues, Gen נְגָעִים גְּדֹלִים Job. 42:15.† It is on a similar principle that in German an adjective in the predicate is put in the nude form, without being inflected to agree with the noun to which it belongs, e. g. das Land ist gut (not gutes), gross (not grosse) sind die Werke des Herrn ; while if used as a qualificative, it must agree with its noun in gender, number, and case. In the comparatively few instances where adjectives take the article contrary to the above rule, it may be viewed as a relative (see § 723), e. g. 14♫ b. With the article after a noun rendered definite by the reception either of the article or of a pronominal suffix, e. g. in the great light, Gen. 1:16., the good land, Deut. 1: 35., "T ,.41:20 .the lean and ill favoured kine, Gen הַפָּרוֹת הָרָקוֹת וְהָרָעוֹת thy strong יָדְךָ הַחֲזָקָה .12:4 .his near neighbour, Ex שְׁכֵנוֹ הַקָּרֹב hand, Deut. 3:24. 4:3, 36, 37.* This applies likewise to ordinal 18:1. in the in the third year, 1 Kings 2. A noun qualified by a demonstrative pronoun is always defi. nite; and hence they both receive the article,t e. g. this day, Gen. 7:13., this land, Deut. 3: 12., these cities, Gen. 19: 25., П ipp in that place, 28: 10., these things, 15: 1. ;‡ § 725. I. The word totality, whole, all, which, though considered as a pronominal adjective, is in reality a noun,|| may receive the article when standing alone, like any other word of its class, e. g. 35 his hand (shall be) against all, Gen. 16: 12., baby all (is) vanity, Eccl. 2: 1., he has made every thing beautiful, 3:11. the great well, lit. a well that (is) great, 1 Sam. 19: 22.; so a n .Ps מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד .9:35 .Neh אֶרֶץ הָרְחָבָה,.9:2 .Ezek שַׁעַר הָעֶלְיוֹן .7 :4 .Zech 24: 7, 8, 10. 104: 18. The same is the case with ordinal numerals, e. g. “een bi the sixth day, Gen. 1:31. 2:3. • A very few instances are found where the article is not prefixed to a qualificative belonging to a definite noun, e. g. 2 Sam. 6:3., rian Ezek. 39:27. In the instances, Judg. 16:5, 6, 15., 12 Ps. 99 : 3., the adjectives may be considered as predicates. † Compare the use of the article in Greek with the demonstratives outos, öde, ἐκεῖνος. An exception appears in the passage, Ps. 12: 8. § Although the demonstratives, which are definite in themselves, when accompanying a noun with the article usually take the article also, in order to agree with it in form, yet they frequently remain without it when the noun is made definite by a pronominal suffix, e. g. ♫ this my oath, Gen. 24:8. Ex. 10: 1. Deut. 5:29. 11: 18. 21:20. Josh. 2: 14, 20. Hence in Arabic it loses its nunnation when in construction, like other II. When placed in construction with another noun, it may be viewed as a pronominal adjective, and rendered by all or every. according as such following noun is definite or not. Thus, 1. a. When in construction with a definite noun in the singular number, such noun is viewed in its entirety, and is generally to be rendered by all, the whole, e. g. 7 all mankind, Gen. 7:21., the whole generation, Ex. 1:6., all the people, Ezek. all the cattle, Zech. 14: 15., 45: 16., the whole day, paa maab-baa 8 b with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might, Deut. 6 : 5., all the mortar of the house, Lev. 14 : 45., all the house of Judah, Neh. 4:10.* So too when receiving a singular pronominal suffix, e. g. all of him, Cant. 5:16., the whole of it, Ezek. 29: 2., all of thee, Mic. 2: 12. all the all the nations, b. The same is the case with plural nouns, e. g. days (of one's life), always, Gen. 43:9., Is. 2:2., and all the wicked, Ps. 145 : 20., - all the children of Israel, Ex. 16:6.† And also with plural pronominal all of us, Gen. 42: 11., all of you, 1 Sam. 22:7, 8. Ps. 62: 4., all of them, Eccl. 2:14. suffixes, e. g. 2. When followed by a singular indefinite noun, is used distributively, and should generally be rendered by every or any, e. g. erery head and כָּל־רֹאשׁ וְכָל־לְבָב,.2: 13 .every first-born, Ex כָּל־בְּכוֹר every heart, Is. 1:5., any likeness, Ex. 20:4., any blood, Lev. 7:27., any tree, 19:23., any implement, Num. 35:22, 23. Judg. 19: 19. Also when the noun is in the plural number, e. g. every hand, Is. 13:7., every street, 51:20. Use of the Article with Participles and Verbs. § 726. The article is employed with participles in like manner as with adjectives, that is to say, with reference to a noun expressed or understood; on which account it may usually be rendered by a relative, A different meaning is conveyed by this construction in the passage, i this is all of, or belonging to, man, meaning, the whole duty of man, Eccl. 12:13. Occasionally the article is omitted in poetry in cases where it would regularly be inserted in prose (see § 718), e. g. of all the sons, Is. 51: 18. e. g. 7 he who believes (lit. the believing one), Is. 28:16.; so , he who gives, Job 5: 10., they who came, Is. 27 : 6., □¬пpbŋ they who trust, Ps. 125: 1. § 727. As participles like other attributives may be employed either as predicatives or qualificatives, they follow the same rules with respect to the reception or non-reception of the article (see § 724). Thus, 1. Participles when used as predicatives do not admit the article, on account of their independent nature (§ 724. I.), even though the sub the oren were הַבָּקָר הָיוּ חֹרְשׁוֹת וְהָאֲתנוֹת רעות .ject be definite, e. g ploughing and the asses feeding, Job 1:14., 7722 133 ngh thy servant was keeping his father's sheep, 1 Sam. 17: 34., the Spirit of God (was) brooding over אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם the face of the waters, Gen. 1:2. 2. a. But participles used as qualificatives agree with the nouns they refer to as respects definiteness or indefiniteness (§ 724. II.). Thus a participle when joined to an indefinite noun, also remains indefinite, e. g. ND) 18 a ravening and roaring lion, Ps. 22:14. Prov. 2: 12., a tongue speaking proud is ten he-asses carrying of the best of Egypt, and ten she-asses carrying corn, &c. Gen. 45: 23.* b. But when the noun is definite, the qualificative participle must receive the article, which is generally to (see § 726), e. g. 7a8q-by Dain web creeps on the earth, Gen. 1 : 27., turning itself, Gen. 3: 24., in Ezek. 12: 20.,†ION DEAD saved thy life, 2 Sam. 19:6., who (are) present, Gen. 19: 15.‡ be rendered as a relative every creeping thing that the sword that (was) the cities that (are) inhabited, thy servants who (have) thy two daughters ⚫ In a few instances, however, a participle qualifying an indefinite noun receives the article as a relative, e. g. De servants who (are) breaking away, 1 Sam. 25: 10., a fence that (is) broken down, Ps. 62 : 4. : IT: In the following instance, where the word to which the participle belongs is an adjective, whose article refers to a noun understood (§ 723), the participle properly remains indefinite: he who walks as an upright (man) Mic. 2:7. Occasionally a noun with a suffix is followed by a qualificative participle without the article, e. g. Ezek. 34 : 12., o ba¬nga Hag. 1:4. |