§ 918. Frequently too the interrogatives are followed by a verb of which they constitute either the subject or the object. Thus they appear, 1. As the subject of a following verb, e. g. has done this thing? Judg. 6: 29. 15: 6. 20:18., who who who can אֵשֶׁת-חַיִל מִי יִמְצָא .1 :15 .shall abide in thy tabernacle ? Ps find a virtuous woman? Prov. 31: 10.; what portion have we in David? meaning, we have no portion in David, 1 Kings 12:16. (the following clause has ), 12:3. 28:11., what leaves me? meaning, nothing leaves me, I am not at all relieved, Job 18: 6.* 2. a. As the direct object of a following verb, e. g. "Apty "Any whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? 1 Sam. whom shall I send? Is. 6:9. 28:9.;' what hast thou done? Gen. 4:10. 20: 9. Is. 45:9. Eccl. 8: 4. Ps. 11: 3., what did they say? Is. 39:3, 4. 40:6. b. As the indirect object of a verb, in which case it receives a preposition, e. g. whom should I serve? 2 Sam. 16:19. Esth. אֶל־מִי תְּדַמְּיוּן אֵל,.1: 27 .of whom shall I be afraid ? Ps מִמִּי אִירָא .6: 6 to whom will ye liken God? Is. 40:18, 25., by to whom will ye flee? Is. 10: 3.53 : 1.57 : 4., 7 with whom took he counsel? Is. 40:14.; wherewithal shall he reconcile himself? 1 Sam. 29: 4. Mal. 1: 7.. wherefore do the heathen rage? Ps. 21. Prov. 5: 20., also 2 TON on what are its foundations sunk? Job 38:6., how many Hag. 1:9., IT: T * From this use of the interrogative, by which a negative is implied, it came מַה־תָּעִירוּ וּמַה־תְּעַרְרוּ .to be employed in later times as a proper negative, e. g - stir not, and do not awake my love, Cant. 8:4. Although this conversion of the interrogative into a negative particle is rare in Hebrew, it is of extremely frequent occurrence in Arabic : thus, as an interrogative pronoun, e. g. - what do they deceive but them وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ selves, and what do they know ? meaning, they deceive none but themselves, and are not aware of it, Kor. 2: 8. 3: 182.; as a negative particle, e. g. مَا يُزَّكَّى a man is not justified by the testimony of his الْإِنْسَانُ بِشَهَادَةِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ مَا شَعَرْتُ لِمَنْ نَزَلْتِ وَلَا أَدْرِى لِمَن صورت family, Le fab Loc. 7., I knew not on whom thou hadst alighted, and perceived not to whom thou hadst done injury, fab. 13., La I am not a robber, Kos. Chrest. p. 14. (are) the days of the years of thy life? lit. according to what are the days, &c. Gen. 47: 8. Ps. 119: 84. Job 13: 23.* 919. The personal interrogative sometimes specifies a noun in construction, e. g. whose son is this? 1 Sam. 17:55, 58., whose daughter (art) thou? Gen. 24: 23, 47., taken? or whose ass have I taken? or from whose hand have I taken a bribe? 1 Sam. 12:3., whose spirit came from thee? Job 26 : 4. TIT § 920. 1. The impersonal interrogative is frequently employed to question the mode or rather the possibility of an action or condition, in which case it is equivalent to the English how? e. g. p DYIN TVA.... how shall I curse, and how shall I execrate? Num. 23:8., how shall this (man) save us? 1 Sam. 10:27., NP how should a man be just? Job 9: 2. 2. And from this is derived its use before neuter verbs, participles, and adjectives, as an exclamation of admiration, e. g. how excellent are thy tents! Num. 24: 5., in 278 2 how beautiful how dreadful (is) how glorious (is) thy name! Ps. 8:2., how amiable (are) thy tabernacles! are thy feet! Cant. 7:2, 7., this place! Gen. 28: 17., § 921. The interrogatives 84:2. and when used relatively, i. e. when forming a constituent part both of a primary and secondary clause, assume by an easy transition the nature of indefinite pronouns, thus who, Gr. ris, Lat. quis; what, Gr. rì, Lat. quid.† • The expressions 1 and 2, formed by a slight change from and lose the force of, and are employed in poetry as separable prepositions equivalent to the prefixes and (§ 674). †This is the principal office of the corresponding Arabic and Lo, which are only occasionally used as interrogatives, e. g. ثُمَّ يَحْتَجُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَفْقَرَهُ مَنْ يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ فِي الْخَطِيَّة whoso squanders his wealth in sin, then complains impoverished him, Loc. fab. 16. 22., jî þjóg who that God has ever thou castest into hell, Kor. 3: 109.; مَا لَا مَنْ يسمع يُصْلِحُ وَآتِنَا whoso hears what will not amend his condition, Loc. fab. 29., Lidé, to list, give us what thou hast promised us, Kor. 3: 192. see who is gone רְאוּ מִי הָלַךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ .e. g, מִי Indefinite use of .1 thou לֹא הוֹדַעְתָּ אֶת־עַבְדְּךָ מִי יֵשֵׁב עַל כִּסֵא .17 :14 .from us, 1 Sam hast not informed thy servant (as to) who shall sit on the throne, 1 Kings 1:27., Dhe knows not who shall gather them, Ps. 39:7. 2. Indefinite use of , e. g. they knew not what he will tell thee what הוּא יַגִּיד לָךְ מַה־יִהְיֶה לַנַּעַר .15 : 16 .it eas, Ex shall become of the child, 1 Kings 14: 3. Jer. 38: 25. Job 23: 5., DND DNRÍO DO U see what (is) this going forth, Zech. 5:5., " bining see wherein (is) his great strength, Judg. 16:5, 6. § 922. 1. They are often employed in a still more indefinite sense, equivalent to the English whoever, whatever, e. g. a b whoever has business (§ 821. 1.) let him come to them, Ex. 24: 14., let whoever is fearful and timid return, Judg. 7:3. Hos. 14: 10. Prov. 9:4, 16., by against thee shall fall for thy sake, Is. 54: 15.; whoever combine whatever thy soul desires I will do for thee, 1 Sam. 20:4.; occasionally without reference to a secondary clause, e. g. let come upon me aught whatever, Job 13:13., she knows naught whatever, Prov. 9: 13. 2. A fuller construction is sometimes made use of, which consists in whoever sins against מִי אֲשֶׁר חָטָא לִי .e. g, אֲשֶׁר adding the relative whoever favours מִי אֲשֶׁר חָפֵץ בְּיוֹאָב וּמִי אֲשֶׁר לְדָוִד.32:33 .me, Ex Joab and whoever (is) for David, 2 Sam. 20: 11., whoever is united to all the living, Eccl. 9:4.; what. ever has been, Eccl. 3: 15. 6:10. 7:24. CHAPTER XI. THE NUMERALS. Cardinals. § 923. THE words used in Hebrew to perform the office of cardinal numerals may be considered with but a few exceptions as nouns placed either in apposition or construction with the name of the thing numbered. As there are many peculiarities belonging to the Hebrew numerals in common with those of the other Shemitish languages, we shall treat of them somewhat in detail, and with a classification founded on the manner in which these peculiarities display themselves. § 924. The numeral one, masc., fem. (§ 610), which specifies a noun by designating its inherent quality of individuality, is a true qualificative adjective, and as such is always placed after its noun, with which it agrees both in gender and with respect to definiteness or indefiniteness, e. g. one day, Gen. 1: 5, 9. 2 : 24. &c., one speech, Gen. 11: 1. 27:38. Ex. 12:49. &c.; one board, Ex. 26: 16, 17, 19. 29: 15, 39. &c., the one of your brethren, lit. the one brother of you, Gen. 42:33., ponybr the הַמַּחֲנֶה הָאַחַת .26 : 26 .the one side of the tabernacle, Ex הָאֶחָד TT one company, Gen. 32:9. Ex. 26: 2, 24. 28: 10. &c., one side of it, Ex. 25: 12. the § 925. This is also partially the case with the number two, masc. , fem., which, in consequence of its intermediate nature between singular and plural,* partakes with the numeral one of the character of an adjective, and with those above it of that of a noun. Thus, like the former, it agrees with the noun to which it refers in gender and in assuming the dual form; and like the latter, it is placed before instead of after such noun, and also stands with it either in It is on account of this intermediate nature of the number two, that in several of the ancient Indo-European languages, as the Sanscrit, Greek, and MasoGothic, and likewise in the Arabic, it is indicated in the inflections both of verbs and nouns by a separate termination. Josh. 21. Judg. 11: 37, 39., men, Gen. 18: 2., T three ninar seven altars, Num. 23: 1.; 15:2., is a five cubits, Ex. 27: 1., Gen. 21:30.† a seven ewe-lambs, 2. These units may either be placed in apposition with the noun to which they belong, as in the instances just given; or they may be joined to it in the closer connection of the construct state, when the numerals undergo the same changes as other nouns, e. g. Da b the three men, Job 32: 1, 5., six days, Ex. 20: 8, 11., ,the five curtains חֲמֵשׁ הַיְרִיעת ; .35 : 11 the ten tribes, 1 Kings הַשְׁבָטִים Ex. 26:3. In like manner they may receive pronominal suffixes, e. g. Dy these four, Dan. 1: 17. Ezek. 1: 8., by those seven, T: : 2 Sam. 21: 9. 3. The use of these two modes of construction depends on whether the writer views the connection as being more or less strict. The • We thus see that in Hebrew the numeral one is treated wholly as an adjective, and two partly so. Some languages go further in this respect, and others not so far: thus in Sanscrit and Greek the four first cardinals, and in Latin, Russian, and Polish the three first, are adjectives; while in the Teutonic languages and those derived from the Latin, the first only is declined. This construction, it will be observed, is logical, not formal; that is, it depends on the real gender of the noun as determined by § 494, and not on its mere form (see §§ 556, 557). An exception however appears in the phrase Gen. 7:13., where the formal construction is employed. |