§ 883. 1. When a demonstrative pronoun is employed as a predicate to affirm of a subject that it is this individual person or thing now present either in reality or in imagination to the speaker or writer, it is placed indefinitely like other predicative attributives before its subject, with which it agrees both in gender and number. Thus, a. Singular masculine, e. g. this is the first-born, lit. the first-born is this one, Gen. 48: 18. 1 Kings 13: 3. Ezek. 41 : 22., so this is thy lot, Jer. 13: 24., tion of a wicked man, Job 20: 28. 27:13., 16:12.; feminine, e. g. this is the porthis is he, 1 Sam. T this is the cattle, Deut. 14:4. Is. 14:26. 28:12. Lam. 2: 15., on this is my comfort, Ps. this is Jezebel, 2 Kings 9:37. Ruth 119:50. 132: 14., 1:19.* "IT b. Plural common, with masculine subject, e. g. are the words, Deut. 1:1. Ezek. 11: 2., these by x x are these his doings? Mic. 2:7., - these are the sons of Ham, Gen. 10:20; with feminine subject, e. g. these are the com mandments, Lev. 27: 34. Num. 36: 13. Deut. 4: 45., these shall be its dimensions, Ezek. 48: 16, 29. 2. As the demonstrative like the personal pronouns include the idea of existence (§881), they constitute a complete predicate without the help of a copula; yet occasionally, when an emphatic distinctness of expression is required, a personal pronoun is employed for this purpose (§ 701. 1. b.), e. g. on these are my feasts, Lev. 23: 2., these are the families of the Levites, Num. 3: 20, 7bn into a 21, 27, 33. §884. When a demonstrative is employed, not as a predicate to make a declaration concerning the identity of the noun to which it relates, but as a simple qualifying or restrictive term, it is placed like other qualificatives after the noun it specifies, and agrees with it not only in gender and number, but also with regard to definiteness or indefiniteness.† • In the expression Gen. 12: 12., the pronoun is placed without the article after a definite noun: but here it forms not the predicate but the subject of the proposition, not meaning literally his wife is this (woman), and not another, but this (woman) is his wife, and not his sister. †The demonstrative accordingly sometimes takes the article when its noun is in reality definite although not designated as such in either of the usual modes, e. g. MENŋ QUẸP J these seven ewe-lambs, Gen. 21 : 29., of this honey, 1 Sam. 14:30. a little 1. a. When the noun is made definite by the reception of the article, which is most commonly the case, the following demonstrative takes one likewise, e. g. this thing, Gen. 20: 10. 28: 17. 1 Sam. 17:10. 2 Sam. 2:5., this land, Gen. 12:7. Deut. 11: 22. 13:15., these nations, Josh. 23: 7. Jer. 16: 10., these men, Gen. 19:8. Deut. 7: 22., 19:25.* these cities, Gen. b. When the noun is qualified also by an attributive adjective or participle, the demonstrative is usually placed last, e. g. nan yon bagn this evil news, Ex. 33: 4. Deut. 3:25. 13: 12., in this good land, Deut. 9: 6., in these remaining nations, Josh. 23 : 4. Is. 7 : 4. ; and also when more than one attribu these good years הַשָּׁנִים הַטְבוֹת הַבָּאֹת הָאֵלֶּה .tive is employed, e. g that (are) coming, Gen. 41:35. Occasionally the demonstrative is placed for emphasis' sake immediately after the noun, in which case it הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה הַנִּשְׁאָרִים .must be repeated after the attributive, e. g these nations that (are) remaining, Josh. 23:7, 12. 2. When however the definiteness of a noun is caused by its receiving a pronominal suffix (§ 717. II. 2. b. ß.), and is therefore less conspicuous than when produced by the article, the following demonstrative, which is definite in itself, not unfrequently appears without the article, and is accordingly distinguished as a qualificative by its position alone, e. g. this our son, Deut. 21: 20. Josh. 2: 14, 20., in this thy strength, Judg. 6: 14., T this my oath, Gen. אותתִי אֵלֶּה,.18: 24 .this their trespass, 2 Chron אַשְׁמָתָם זאת .8 : 24 these my signs, Ex. 10:1. Deut. 11: 18., by these thy servants, Ex. 118. 1 Kings 22: 23.† §885. When two nouns are in construction, the second only can an ephah of אֵיפַת הַקְלִיא הַזֶּה .take a qualifying demonstrative, e. g this parched corn, 1 Sam. 17: 17., in the words of this law, Deut. 27: 8. 29: 18., in the wickedness of these people, Deut. 9: 4. § 886. 1. A demonstrative is frequently employed in poetry both to specify a noun in one proposition, and to connect it to a following For an exception to this rule see § 724. II. 2. note. † Occasionally for the sake of emphasis, and sometimes like the Latin iste to indicate contempt, a qualifying demonstrative is placed before the noun to which it belongs, and always without the article, e. g. that Sinai, Judg. 5:5. 1 Sam. 17: 55, 56. 1 Kings 14: 14., that Moses, Ex. 32: 1. their way, Ps. 49: 14. Hab. 1: 11.; these words, Is. 42: 16. זֶה this clause in which something further is affirmed respecting it; so that the pronoun participates in the properties both of a demonstrative and relative, and corresponds in good measure to the English that which = what. As in this case the noun with its demonstrative are rendered definite by their close connection to the following verb, they do not that mountain which his הַר־זֶה קָנְתָה יְמִינוֹ .receive the article, e. g right hand had reared, Ps. 78:54. 104:8, 26., which they hid, 9:16. 132: 12., 757 (§ 841. 1.), 142: 4. that net that way which I walk in 2. When the demonstrative stands to the verb of the secondary clause in an indirect objective relation viewed as such (see § 842), the relation is indicated by a following preposition, to which a personal pronoun this אֱלֹהֵינוּ זֶה קָרִיכוּ לוֹ .representing the demonstrative is affixed, e. g our God whom we waited for him, i. e. for whom we waited, Is. 25: 9., so in that Jehovah against whom we have sinned, 42 : 24., .that mount Zion in which thou hast dwell, Ps הַר צִיּוֹן זֶה שָׁכַנְתָּ בוֹ 74:2. ¶§ 887. 1. The use of the demonstratives is not confined to the cases which have been detailed; for they may also be employed as the independent subject or object of a proposition, like other attributives, with reference to something either previously or subsequently mentioned. Thus, a. Referring to a preceding noun or nouns, e. g. my this (man) sends to me, 2 Kings 5: 7. Is. 6: 7. Prov. 23: 22. Job 21: 23., en put this (fellow) in the prison, mittite virum istum in carcerem, Vulg., 1 Kings 22: 27. 2 Kings 4:43.; ON this (woman) was taken out of man, Gen. 2: 23., -DA 7? MIMI) why מַדּוּעַ קְרָאנִי אֵלֶּה ; .27 : 29 ,and we will give thee this one also זאת this by these were the territories of the Gentiles divided, Gen. 10:5. 2. The demonstratives are used in like manner with reference not to any individual noun or nouns, but to the whole contents of a preceding or following sentence or sentences, which may be viewed by the writer either in their totality as constituting a single object, in which case the demonstrative is put in the masculine or feminine singular; or in their individuality, as consisting of many, when the plural form of the demonstrative is employed (see § 739. 1.). Thus, a. Referring to what precedes, e. g. pn this was my portion, Eccl. 2: 10. 12:14., Dan. 10: 17.; 37 2 Sam. 19:8. Ps. 119:56., all this have I proved, Eccl. 7: 23. and this will be worse for thee, &c. NT who has counselled this? Is. 23: 8. 41:20. 42: 23. Ps. 78: 32.; ♬ by every one who does these things, Deut. 22: 5. Job 33:29. Eccl. 11: 9. In the following passage both the singular and plural forms are employed, by for this our heart is faint, for these דָוֶה לִבֵּנוּ עַל־אֵלֶּה חָשְׁכוּ עֵינֵינוּ things our eyes are dim, Lam. 5: 17. b. Referring to what follows, e. g. and this is what thou shalt do, Gen. 6: 15. 20: 13., "this have I found, Eccl. 7:27, 29.; nr this we will do to them, Josh. 9:20. 1 Sam. this I recall to my mind, Lam. 3:21. Job these are the generations of Noah, Gen. 6: 9., 11:2., 35:2.; T on these are the judgments which וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תָּשִׂים לִפְנֵיהֶם thou shalt set before them, Ex. 21 : 1. § 888. The demonstratives are sometimes equivalent to a double relative (see § 886. 1.), when forming an independent constituent part both and what I וְזֶה חָזִיתִי אֲסַפְּרָה .of a primary and secondary clause, e. g have beheld I will recount, Job 15: 17., " "ONDI those whom I loved have turned against me, 19: 19.; also when the predicate of the primary clause is one of the interrogative pronouns who? or what? e. g. who is this that comes from Edom? lit. this is who, &c. Is. 63:1., 77 9 by Nr 2 who is this that comes up out of the wilderness? Cant. 3: 6. 8: 5.; p what is this that has happened to the son of Kish? 1 Sam. 10: 11. Eccl. 2:2., my what is this that thou hast done? Gen. 3:13. 12:18. §889. The demonstratives are often antithetically repeated, so as to correspond to the English this-that, these-those, e. g. this one said so, and that one said so, 1 Kings 22:20. Ps. 75: 8. Job 1:16. 21:23, 25., ba by nin'? God has set this against that, i. e. the one against the other, Eccl. 7: 14, 18. the sword devours one as well as another, 11:6., ... • lit. as this one so that one, 2 Sam 11:25. ; by the one says, This is my son; and the other says, Not so, 1 Kings 3:23., 7:20. 2 Sam. 17:15.; thus and thus have I done, Josh. those on horses, Ps. 20:8., these in chariots, and these hither and those thither, i. e. these on one side and those on the other, 2 Sam. 2: 13. §890. The masculine singular demonstrative is used independ ently with reference to the abstract ideas of space and time. Thus, 1. With reference to space, meaning this (place), here,* e. g. here is the sea, Ps. 104: 25. (opposed to there) Ruth 2:7., come up here, Num. 13:17. More frequently it takes a preposition, by means of which the signification is more fully expressed: thus whom God has given אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לִי אֱלֹהִים בָּזֶה .in this (place), here, e. g me here, Gen. 48 : 9., 2. With reference to time, meaning this (time), now, usually followed § 891. 1. The masculine singular form of the demonstrative is sometimes used pleonastically as an intensive pronoun, when followed by art) thou my) הַאַתָּה זֶה בְנִי עֵשָׂר .the name of the person or thing, e. g son Esau himself? Gen. 27: 21. 2 Sam. 2: 20. 2. The pleonastic use of this pronoun occurs more frequently with the interrogative particles or wherefore? and a. With where? for what? wherefore? the expression being equivalent to wherefore is this that? why is it that? e. g. why is it that Sarah laughed? why did Sarah laugh? Gen. 18: 13., wherefore are ye angry? 2 Sam. 19:43. Job 27: 12.; or with לָמָּה זֶה .5:22 .wherefore hast thou sent me ? Ex לָמָּה זֶּה שְׁלַחְתָּנִי 80 מַה־זֶה תּאמְרוּ .alone, the preposition being readily understood, e. g מָה why מַה־זֶה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה,.18:24 .why do ye say to me, &c. Judg אֵלַי וגו' Compare the Latin hic, here, and the occasional use of the Greek demonstrative οὗτος, e. g. ἠρόμην ὅπου εἴη, οὗτος, ἔφη, ὄπισθεν προσέρχεται, I asked where he was; here,said one, he comes behind, Plat. Rep. |