ing territories; and in view of the responsibilities involved in implementing such legislation as the Fulbright and Smith-Mundt Acts and the emerging program in technical assistance, "The Executive Committee of the U.S. National Commission requests the Department of State to undertake, at the highest level, a comprehensive appraisal of the role of educational, scientific and cultural factors in the foreign policy of the United States and in the conduct of international relations." 2. "Convinced that planning for UNESCO, inspired by wisdom and foresight and based on knowledge and experience, should proceed on the assumption that funds will be forthcoming to support the greatest efforts of which the Organization and its Member States are capable, and that such expenditures are indeed investments in peace, "Believing that the criteria by which the projects of UNESCO should be judged are their intrinsic merits, the soundness and realistic quality of their planning, and their potential contribution to the Organization's objectives and to those of the United Nations, "The Executive Committee resolves that the delegation to the next General Conference be instructed to urge the Director General to develop over and beyond the regular program of UNESCO certain extraordinary projects capable of making a large-scale contribution to world peace and security, in the hope that such special task force' projects, imaginatively conceived, might become of such consequence as to warrant special financing from public and private sources." Another resolution adopted by the Executive Committee read: "All are agreed that UNESCO's basic objective of promoting international understanding must be carried on by having peoples speak to peoples. "This requires that program and materials be organized in such a manner as to be most effective in securing use and acceptance by the greatest number of peoples. Persons trained in the development of such programs and preparation of such materials for use by organizations of large memberships of workers, farmers, youth, women, etc., must be utilized to the largest extent. In addition, UNESCO must obviously work closely with such large membership organizations of the world in formulating and implementing these ideas." Other Program Actions The Executive Committee approved in full the report of the Committee on Program. Among the major recommendations of the latter Committee was one for the establishment of a new committee on U. S. activities. Other recommendations: 1. UNESCO should plan and execute an increasing portion of its work as "projects" which have terminal dates, or definable stages, and proportionately less of its resources should go into continuing services and activities. 2. To a greater degree than at present UNESCO'S activities should be concentrated (through projects) so as to make more impact and contribute more effectively to important objectives. 3. UNESCO should develop better procedures for formulating projects, analyzing relationships of proposed projects to work previously done or being carried out under other auspices, analyzing costs and methods, proposing termination dates and methods, before the Conference votes on a project and its budget. 4. An increasing proportion of projects should provide for combined operations of education, exchange of persons, and mass media with the "subject matter" departments. 5. Proposals for budgetary increases should be justified by reference to projects of central importance. The Committee was in substantial agreement that there is a tendency for UNESCO to devote too large a part of its resources to services which promote the advance and interchange of knowledge in specialized fields and too small a part of its resources to activities, including projects, which are designed to contribute more directly to peace and security by promoting universal respect for justice, for the rule of law, and for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The Program Committee also urged that UNESCO expand its program in the occupied territories and urged stress on education about the United Nations and international relations. The Committee also adopted a report from the Working Party on Mass Communications, calling for effective liaison with United Nations, better (Continued on page 16) MUSIC PROJECTS IMPORTANT IN UNESCO PROGRAM The past three years in UNESCO's history have been marked by a growing realization that music is an important and integral part of any cultural program. Major emphasis throughout these formative years has been on the establishment of an International Music Council and the preparation of a world catalog of recorded music. The idea for an International Music Council was originally proposed at the First National Conference on UNESCO at Philadelphia, 1947. In the fall of that year the General Conference of UNESCO recommended the establishment of the Council, and in 1949 a Preparatory Commission was set up. The Council was finally constituted at its First General Assembly held at UNESCO House, January 30February 3, 1950. Meanwhile, in September 1947 the National Commission meeting in Chicago authorized the establishment of the first panel in the arts, that of music. Howard Hanson, director of the Eastman School of Music, was made the first chairman. Mr. Hanson, who has been active in UNESCO's entire arts program, has stated: "The arts are international both in scope and in appeal. Avenues of approach for the promotion of friendship and understanding are frequently open to the creative artist, the performer, the teacher-avenues which may be closed to the usual methods of diplomacy. Under the leadership of Dr. Torres Bodet, who is sympathetic to the arts and understands their use. it is my hope that the creative arts may find an increasingly useful role in the work of UNESCO.” In 1949 the panel cooperated with the independent International Music Fund, under the direction of Serge Koussevitsky and Carleton Sprague Smith, in raising approximately $10,000 for assistance to foreign composers. Since January of this year, the Fund has been functioning as a committee of the panel. Approximately $4.000 of the 1949 funds was given to the National Conservatory of Music in Paris to cover the board and lodging of students of composition. In presenting the check to the Conservatory the Director General of UNESCO restated what Romain Roland had said in 1939 to Dr. Smith: "We must save all the light that can be saved, and none shines more brightly than that of music." A recent report from Paris tells of the status of the world catalog of recorded music. UNESCO maintains a central index of recordings of serious western music, using the perforated card system. by which selections may be made mechanically. by country, period, type of music, etc. A 253-page volume on the "Works of Frederic Chopin", containing information on recordings of his music, is the first publication undertaken in the series UNESCO Archives of Recorded Music. Others under way concern the works of Bach and Beethoven. A catalog of recorded music of India will be published in 1950. Others are being prepared on the music of China, Burma, and Indonesia. Two important catalogs of ethnographic folk music also will be published in 1950. Milton Eisenhower Elected Milton S. Eisenhower, former Chairman of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, was elected president of Pennsylvania State College at the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees in January. Mr. Eisenhower has been president of Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in Manhattan, Kans., since 1943. He will assume his new duties at State College, Pa., about July 1. As Penn State's eleventh president, he will fill the vacancy left by the death of Ralph D. Hetzel in October 1947. Barrett to Speak-Continued from page 15 utilization of radio networks, integration of the work in mass communications with the programs of other departments, the promotion of the production and interchange of educational films, cooperative arrangements with producers of entertainment films, improvement of publications, and an increased budget for mass communications. Department of State publication 3778 The printing of this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget (May 29, 1947) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price $1.00 per year, domestic: $1.35 per year, foreign; single copy, 10 cents. Food and People-An International Progress Report By WALTER H. C. LAVES, Deputy Director General of UNESCO "Food and people" translates into the various languages in different ways: "Les Hommes et leur nourriture" in French; "Alimentazione e populazione" in Italian; "El Hombre y su alimento" in Spanish. "Food and people," as an idea, has been translated in different ways. In Italy it has meant a series of courses at the Universities of Bari, Milan, and Genoa. In New Zealand it has meant a public symposium sponsored by the Royal Society and the Association of Scientific Workers. In Chile it has meant debates organized by the UNESCO Field Science Cooperation Office. And in all countries it has meant radio programs, some networks using UNESCO scripts and translating them into Flemish, Thai, Spanish, others using UNESCO material in preparing their own documentary programs, as in Canada and Brazil. In addition, "Food and people" has meant a series of articles in 27 different countries, and in almost as many languages. These are samples of the various ways in which UNESCO has stimulated people all over the world to talk, think, and read about this problem: "How can everyone, everywhere, be well fed?" It was in September 1948 that the DirectorGeneral informed member states that "food and people" had been chosen as the theme for UNESCO'S first world-wide discussion project. Since that time UNESCO has assembled and distributed pamphlets, newspaper features, and short radio news 00000000 "I taught my friends how to farm without losing the good U. S. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Chairman: George D. Stoddard . . . Vice Chairmen: Detlev Bronk, Erwin D. Canham, Justin Miller. Executive Committee: William Benton, Milton S. Eisenhower, Mrs. Douglas Horton, Waldo G. Leland, Rayford W. Logan, Earl J. McGrath, C. J. McLanahan, Mrs. Anna Rosenberg, Mrs. Henry Potter Russell, Stanley H. Ruttenberg, George N. Shuster, Merle A. Tuve, Howard E. Wilson, Mrs. Louise Wright, George F. Zook. Other Members: Barclay Acheson, Ellis Arnall, Paul D. Bagwell, Keith Beery, Karl W. Bigelow, Livingston L. Blair, Miss Selma Borchardt, Chester Bowles, William G. Carr, Ben M. Cherrington, Arthur H. Compton, Wayne Coy, Nelson H. Cruikshank, Edgar Dale, Mrs. Harvey N. Davis, Everette L. DeGolyer, Henry Grattan Doyle, F. S. Dunn, Clarence A. Dykstra, George Harold Edgell, Luther H. Evans, David E. Finley, Robert M. Gates, Miss Rosamond Gilder, Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein, Willard E. Goslin, Howard Hanson, Ross G. Harrison, Mrs. John E. Hayes, Mrs. Charles E. Heming, Ralph E. Himstead, Msgr. Frederick Hochwalt, Ernest M. Howell, B. W. Huebsch, Rees H. Hughes, Herbert C. Hunsaker, Charles S. Johnson, Rev. F. Ernest Johnson, Eric Johnston, Mrs. Kathleen N. Lardie, Milton E. Lord, Archibald MacLeish, James Marshall, Roscoe C. Martin, Mrs. Anne O'Hare McCormick, Raymond McCoy, Miss Kathryn McHale, Richard P. McKeon, Charles E. Odegaard, Thomas G. Pullen, Frederick D. G. Ribble, Daniel C. Rich, Rabbi William F. Rosenblum, J. T. Sanders, Mrs. Raymond Sayre, C. A. Scott, Miss K. Frances Scott, Harlow Shapley, Lawrence M. C. Smith, Miss Maycie Southall, George S. Stevenson, Alexander J. Stoddard, Donald C. Stone, P. G. Stromberg, Davidson Taylor, Stanley D. Tylman, Harold C. Urey, Mrs. Pearl A. Wanamaker, Glenway Wescott, Robert L. West, Alexander Wetmore, M. L. Wilson. Executive Secretary: Charles A. Thomson, Department of State, Washington 25, D. C. UNESCO EDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGN ON FOOD AND PEOPLE TO BE LAUNCHED AT MEETING OF NATIONAL COMMISSION By M. L. WILSON 1 An educational program on "food and people"the first UNESCO-sponsored world-wide discussion of a world-wide problem-will be launched in this country April 14 during the semiannual sessions of the U. S. National Commission in Washington. Representatives of the Food and Agricultural Organization, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and other government agencies and departments, as well as the Washington representatives of national organizations will meet with members of the Commission, and kits of materials will be presented to those interested in promoting community participation. Mr. Wilson. "How can the people of the world get enough to eat? This problem is immediate and urgent," states a fact sheet which announces the program. Lord Boyd Orr, first Director General of the Food and Agriculture Organization and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, has said, "If we get the nations of the world working together to produce more food and to get that food to the people who need it, their racial jealousies and imperialistic ambitions will fade." However, there are many who have dismissed the problem because they don't realize the seriousness of the situation or because they say: People have always been hungry; the world has always known starvation somewhere. Why the urgency today? When asked for the reasons behind UNESCO's decision to encourage discussion of "food and people" and why the National Commission has stressed this program at this time, we can answer that the problem is as old as civilization itself but-for the first time in history-mankind now knows 'Mr. Wilson, director of Extension Work, Department of Agriculture, is a member of the U. S. National Commission for UNESCO. how to raise enough food for all. The purpose of this discussion, then, is to find out how the job can be done, and to get on with it as quickly as possible. Science and technical skill in agriculture are the new elements which could change the familiar pattern of hunger, poverty, and ignorance. As a matter of fact, the rotting tons of surplus potatoes and the countless thousands of people doomed. to perish from lack of food in the underdeveloped areas of the earth merely testify to the world's failure to use its knowledge. Much of our "surplus" today is the result of better farming methods and of the use of improved seed, pesticides, and fertilizers. These surpluses, troublesome though they are, in reality comprise a living proof of the expanding capacity of the soil to produce. I have recently returned from an assignment in Europe to help a number of nations plan for a service which would put scientific information to (Continued on page 4) NATIONAL COMMISSION MEETING The eighth semiannual meeting of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO will be held in Washington April 13-15. Discussions will center on the international and domestic UNESCO programs, the role of UNESCO in U. S. foreign policy, and advice to the U.S. Delegation to the UNESCO Conference in Florence, Italy, May 22 to June 16. The Commission meetings will be opened by talks by George D. Stoddard, Chairman of the Commission, and Edward W. Barrett, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. A full report of the Commission meetings will be carried in next month's National Commission News. 3 |