"If the peace can be maintained for a decade, UNESCO and its sister agencies in the United Nations should be the means of extending it through the slow but deep-seated process of basic understanding among all peoples. Peace thus achieved is the reason-and the only reason-for the existence of UNESCO."

Mr. Eisenhower, in relinquishing the chairmanship, said:

"It is my conviction that our Commission; uniquely mingling nationalism with internationalism and individual freedom with governmental responsibility, may well serve as one solid bridge of transition between the assertive state sovereignty of the past, knowing no law but its own, and that future federation of the world which is, I think, the goal toward which the United Nations must tend. ...

"Perhaps the greatest contribution the United States has made to UNESCO has been our effective insistence that the organization become one of peoples talking to peoples, learning thus to know each other so well that the warlike elements of national sovereignty are dissolved, bit by bit, in common peaceful understanding. It is not too much to say, I think, that without our Commission this contribution could not have been made.

"Reviewing these last three years-the first three years of a tremendously important international organization-I am impressed by the progress UNESCO has made. . . . The session of the General Conference held in Lebanon last fall came close, I think, to completing the process of organizing this international effort. We may say that the tools for doing a job have been forged; a beginning on the job itself has been made. But we must also say that the great bulk of the job lies before us. All the past is but a prel ude to a future which

Left: William Benton, former Assistant Secretary of State, takes the floor at the Commission meeting on a favorite subject: a radio voice for UNESCO. He urged that experts outline a full week's program for a theoretical UNESCO network, to provide some basis for a judgment as to what UNESCO might do toward its objectives if given the opportunity.

Right: Erwin D. Canham, editor of the Christian Science Monitor, was elected a Vice Chairman of the National Commission during the Washington meeting.

may well be as glorious as it will certainly be difficult. . .

"But as I strive to look into the future of this Commission and of our national participation in UNESCO, I find myself hoping that both our valid

commitments and the area of our competence will be increased. I hope that to the formal contributions which we make to UNESCO-the adminis trative and technical skills which we Americans can always bring to bear upon specific problems-I hope that to these we may add more contributions of a substantial nature: original program ideas for peacemaking through the arts, the humanities, education, mass communication, and science. I hope we will permit UNESCO to become one of our teachers, a vital medium through which other nations may supply deficiencies in our national consciousness, stimulating us to think of means in terms of ends, of techniques in terms of purpose-causing us in short to engage in a kind of thinking which we Americans in general, and we Commission members in particular, may have too much neglected.

"Fortunately my successor [Mr. Stoddard] is much more than an administrator. . . . He is a great administrator. But all of you know that he is also a scholar and a creative mind of the first order: bold, incisive, deeply probing: and a rich human personality. I may say that his acceptance of this chairmanship has enhanced, in my own eyes, the prestige of the position which I have had the honor to fill during the last three years. And as the very last act of my chairmanship I turn over to him, in grateful anticipation of his inspiring leadership, this gavel with which he will preside over our future deliberations."

At the conclusion of Mr. Eisenhower's address. Detlev Bronk, president of Johns Hopkins University and a Vice Chairman of the National Con mission, acting on behalf of the Commission members, presented the outgoing Chairman with a three-panel screen, covered on both sides with photographs and clippings depicting various epi

'DEPOSITED BY THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

OCT 14 4'49

sodes and developments of UNESCO and the Commission during the past three years. On the central panel is a scroll signed by the 100 men and women composing the Commission. Mr. Bronk expressed appreciation of Mr. Eisenhower's "distinguished leadership" and added: "We are especially indebted to you for your enthusiastic vision. of what UNESCO can become and do. We have been inspired by your example of devoted service to the furtherance of world peace through this organization you have helped to create."

Tributes were also paid Mr. Eisenhower by George V. Allen, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, and William Benton, former Assistant Secretary of State, described by Mr. Eisenhower as the one "to whom this body owes its very existence."

Erwin D. Canham, editor of the Christian Science Monitor, was elected to succeed Waldo G. Leland, Director Emeritus of the American Council of Learned Societies, as one of the three Vice Chairmen. Newly elected members of the Executive Committee are Mr. Benton; Mr. Eisenhower; Mr. Leland; Rayford W. Logan, American Teachers Association; Earl J. McGrath, U. S. Commissioner of Education; Stanley H. Ruttenberg, director of education and research, Congress of Industrial Organizations; and George F. Zook, president, American Council on Education.

Carrying out the policy of rotation with regard to organizations actively affiliated with the National Commission, the following six organizations were voted representation on the Commission: American Association for the United Nations, American Dental Association, American Junior Red Cross, B'nai B'rith, National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, and Negro Newspaper Publishers Association. These will replace representatives of the following organizations: Association of American Colleges, Association of American Medical Colleges, Farmers Education and Cooperative Union of America, General Federation of Women's Clubs, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and National Social Welfare Assembly.

In expressing gratitude to the organizations whose representatives will leave the Commission for the present, it was pointed out that the growing group of "alumni" will be one of the basic resources for the future of the UNESCO program in this country.

During the plenary sessions Mr. Stoddard re

MILTON STOVER EISENHOWER

One of the founders, and the leading creator, of the United States National Commission for UNESCO, which became, under his courageous and imaginative chairmanship, the first representative assembly in the United States for the examination, the discussion, and the advancement of those intellectual and spiritual values which are the enduring life of the Republic;

A devoted and loyal ambassador of American cultural, educational, and scientific interests at four General Conferences of UNESCO, where his tact, humanity, and tolerance enhanced his country's prestige and notably strengthened the common hope for a world organization capable of constructing the defenses of the peace in men's minds;

One of the first, one of the most effective, and one of the most admired of the Citizens of the World whose appearance in our time may well become its principal distinction.

The above tribute to Mr. Eisenhower, retiring Chairman of the U. S. National Commission for UNESCO, signed by the hundred men and women who make up the Commission, and bearing the National Commission emblem, appears on a three-panel screen presented to Mr. Eisenhower by the Commission members.

ported on recent developments at UNESCO House in Paris, and Mr. Allen spoke on the topic, "The Place of UNESCO in American Foreign Policy." Waldo G. Leland, chairman of the Program Committee, reported on progress made in furthering the UNESCO program in the United States since the Cleveland meeting last March.

Reinhold Niebuhr, writer and professor of applied Christianity at Union Theological Seminary in New York City, made a brief talk on the basic theme adopted for general discussion at the Fourth Conference of UNESCO in Paris. This theme, as rephrased by the Executive Committee of the National Commission, is: "What should be the role of the states now members of UNESCO in promoting a better understanding among all people through education, science, and culture, under the conditions which now obtain in the world and in view

of the existence of the obligations imposed by the UNESCO Constitution?" Mr. Niebuhr will be the spokesman for the U. S. Delegation on the theme in Paris.

Later the members of the Commission met in small groups to consider the conference theme and to draw up suggestions which might be useful to Mr. Niebuhr in the Paris discussions.

The Commission voted to give full cooperation to all national organizations, whether represented on the Commission or not, in their programs for increasing understanding of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the proposed Covenant on Human Rights, and to cooperate with the Office of Education in its sponsorship of a national conference on methods of teaching about human rights in the schools and among adult-education groups. The Commission endorsed proposals that December 10 be set aside as a national observance day for the adoption of the Declaration.

The Commission also went on record as favoring the ratification of the genocide convention, without opposing reservations such as those adopted by the Section on International and Comparative Law of the American Bar Association.

With regard to the improvement of teaching materials, the Commission agreed that the present plan by which each member nation examines its own textbooks should be supplemented by an international study. It was recommended that the U. S. Delegation to Paris be instructed to request the UNESCO staff to move forward in the direction. prescribed in the official program adopted in 1946 and reaffirmed in the two subsequent General Conferences. Under this program, each member state would send a full set of its commonly used textbooks on history, geography, civics, and other subjects related to international understanding to the UNESCO Secretariat in Paris, where arrangements would be made for an impartial study of them, with UNESCO given the responsibility of reporting to the General Conference instances of textbook usages inimical to peace among nations.

The Commission authorized the Committee on Educational Reconstruction to sponsor a national conference of interested organizations this fall for the purpose of further promoting the reconstruction program. Each organization represented on the Commission was requested to undertake a reconstruction project related to the priority needs established by the Committee on Educational

Reconstruction. Representatives of these organizations were urged to present the reconstruction story at their annual conventions and other conferences.

Concerning UNESCO's "Food and People" campaign, the Commission decided that detailed plans for a popular-participation program in this country should be drawn up through consultation between representatives of the Food and Agriculture Organization interagency committee, the UNESCO Relations Staff, and experts from appropriate panels of the Commission.

The need for increasing education at all levels within the United States about the United Nations and its various specialized agencies and their relationship to each other was stressed, and it was voted to set up a committee to study the responsibility of the National Commission in this field. The committee is empowered to consult with representatives of appropriate agencies, governmental and nongovernmental, in arriving at its conclusions and is instructed to report to the Commission at its next session.

The next Commission meeting will be held in February or March of 1950, prior to the fifth session of the General Conference of UNESCO, scheduled for Florence, Italy. The Executive Committee will consider an invitation extended by Bennett Harvie Branscomb, chancellor of Vanderbilt University, for the meeting to be held in Nashville.

The Third National Conference for UNESCO will be held in the fall of 1951. The Executive Committee has suggested a conference of educationa character on the United Nations and its specialized agencies; New York City is being considered as a possible site.

Oberlin Furthers UNESCO Program

Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, reports a widespread growth of interest in UNESCO, both on the campus and in the surrounding vicinity. One o the local papers has agreed to carry a weekly col umn on UNESCO, prepared by the editor of th college paper. A book drive for war-devastate libraries has the support of the entire community. including press and radio. Plans are under wa for the local UNESCO Committee to serve as coordi nator for all campus clubs and activities concerned with international affairs.

ine peacemaking and that this government can be made only as nations pool their sovereignty in supranational machinery for the making and enforcement of laws.

"But, though this idea of world government was clearly expressed by several Commission members as the goal to be achieved, there was also expressed a conviction that the creation of governmental machinery is not, in and of itself, sufficient to the task of making world peace. . . .

"It is clear to me that UNESCO, working through and with the various National Commissions, can create more than merely the consent to be governed, which is, of course, indispensable to government. It can, I think, create the positive, affirmative desire-even demand-that whatever world government is necessary for the maintenance of peace be actually created."

Other representatives are Luther H. Evans, Librarian of Congress; Miss Martha B. Lucas, president of Sweet Briar College; and Reinhold Niebuhr, professor of applied Christianity, Union Theological Seminary. Representative Mike Mansfield, of Montana, is congressional adviser to the group.

Special advisers to the Delegation are George D. Stoddard, president of the University of Illinois, newly elected Chairman of the U. S. National Commission for UNESCO, and member of UNESCO's Executive Board; Ellis Arnall, Frederick S. Dunn, Howard Hanson, Eric Johnston, Earl J. McGrath, and Stanley Ruttenberg, of the National Commission; and Paul M. Gross, Oscar Hild, and Mrs. Charles W. Tillett.

State Department advisers are Otis Mulliken, Max McCullough, Miss Carol C. Laise, Alvin Roseman, Herbert J. Abraham, Miss Constance Roach, Kenneth Holland, and Arthur A. Compton. Mrs. Alice Curran accompanied the group as special adviser to Mr. Allen. Stephen V. C. Morris is executive secretary, and William Breese technical secretary, to the Delegation.

CALIFORNIA CAMPUS STATION
STARTS NEW UNESCO SERIES

Campus station KUSC at the University of Southern California is beginning a new weekly radio series, "UNESCO Highlights the World Today." It is sponsored by the University's Council for UNESCO for each Monday evening and rebroadcast on Tuesday mornings.

The series will cover wide areas in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Western Europe. Council member Frank Chookolingo, political-science graduate student, will interview foreign students enrolled at the University.

Each Wednesday the campus UNESCO Council sponsors the program "News from UNESCO." John Spence edits information from the "UNESCO World Review" in an informal fashion designed to appeal to student listeners.

Austrian West Coast Consul General Frederick Waller has requested that the hour-long Los Angeles-Vienna Affiliation 1 radio program, edited by Howard Rieder, be sent for rebroadcast from Vienna.

UNESCO Sends Mission to Afghanistan

A three-month survey of Afghanistan's educational system is being made by an educational mission sent by UNESCO at the request of the Afghan Government. The mission, headed by Jean Debiesse, of the French Ministry of Education, includes William Abbott, of Great Britain, and Harold W. Benjamin, dean of education, University of Maryland.

The group will advise the Afghan educational authorities on (1) the expansion of technical and industrial schools to produce the trained craftsmen needed for the nation's development; and (2) the reorganization of the elementary and secondary school systems.