an entertainment by the governor, he inform-house of one Mr. Busbich, where all com ed him of what had befallen Mr. Lithgow, forts were given him. It fortunately heyfrom the time of his being apprehended as a pened, that there was at this time a squadspy, and described the various sufferings he ron of English ships in the road, commanded bad endured. He likewise told him, that by Sir Richard Hawkins, who being informafter it was known the prisoner was inno-ed of the past sufferings and present situacent, it gave him great concern. That on tion of Mr. Lithgow, came the next day this account he would gladly have released ashore, with a proper guard, and received him, restored his money and papers, and him from the merchants. He was instantly made some atonement for the injuries he had carried in blankets on board the Vanguard, received; but that, upon an inspection into and three days after was removed to another his writings, several were found of a blas- ship, by direction of the general, Sir Robert phemous nature. That on his refusing to Mansel. The factory presented him with abjure these heretical opinions, he was turn- clothes, and all necessary provisions, beed over to the inquisition, who finally con- sides which they gave him 200 reals in sildemned him. ver; and Sir Richard Hawkins sent him twe While the governor was relating this tale, double pistoles. Sir Richard also demanded a Flemish youth, servant to the Spanish gen- the delivery of his papers, money, books, &c. tleman, who waited at table, was struck before his departure from the Spanish coast, with amazement and pity at the description but could not obtain any satisfactory answer of the sufferings of the stranger. On his re- on that head. By such secondary means turn to his master's lodging, he began to re- does Providence frequently interfere in bevolve in his mind what he had heard, which half of the virtuous and oppressed. made such an impression on him that he Having lain twelve days in the road, the could not rest in his bed; and when the ship weighed anchor, and in about two months morning came, without disclosing his inten- arrived safe at Deptford. The next morntions to any person, he went into the town, ing Mr. Lithgow was carried on a feather and inquired for an English factor. He was bed to Theobalds, in Hertfordshire, where, directed to the house of one Mr. Wild, to at that time, were the king and royal family. whom he related the whole of what he had Mr. Lithgow was presented to him, and reheard the preceding evening, between his lated the particulars of his sufferings, and master and the governor: but could not tell his happy delivery; which the king was so Mr. Lithgow's name. Mr. Wild, however, affected at, that he expressed the deepest conjectured it was he, by the servant re- concern, and gave orders that he should be membering the circumstance of his being a traveller.

sent to Bath. By these means, under God, after some time, Mr. Lithgow was restored, Mr. Wild, therefore, on the departure of from the most wretched spectacle, to a great the servant, immediately sent for the other share of health and strength; but he lost the English factors, to whom he related all the par- use of his left arm, several of the smaller ticulers relative to their unfortunate country- bones being so crushed and broken, as to be man. After a short consultation it was agreed, rendered ever after unserviceable. that information of the whole affair should Notwithstanding every effort, Mr. Lithbe sent, by express, to Sir Walter Aston, the gow could never obtain any part of his money English ambassador at Madrid. This was or effects, though his majesty, and the minaccordingly done, and the ambassador hav-isters, interested themselves in his behalf. ing presented a memorial to the king and Gondamore, the Spanish ambassador, indeed, council of Spain, obtained an order for Mr. promised that all his effects should be reLithgow's enlargement, and his delivery to stored, with the addition of 1000l. English the English factory. This order was direct- money, as some atonement for the tortures ed to the governor of Malaga; and was re- he had undergone, which last was to be paid ceived by the whole assembly of the bloody him by the governor of Malaga. These eninquisition with the greatest surprise. gagements, however, were never kept; and Mr. Lithgow was released from his con- though the king was a kind of guarantee for finement on the eve of Easter-Sunday, when the performance of them, the cunning Spanhe was carried from his dungeon on the back iard found means to elude the order. of the slave that had attended him, to the

BOOK VI.

FARTHER HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS, SUFFERINGS, AND CRUEL DEATIIS OF PROTESTANT MARTYRS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES, DURING THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES.

Brief Relation of the Horrible Massacre in France, Anno 1572.

AFTER a long series of troubles in France, the Protestants, beginning with the admiral, the Papists seeing nothing could be done who being dreadfully wounded, was cast out against the Protestants by open force, began of the window into the street, where his to devise how they could entrap them by head being struck off, was embalmed with subtlety, and that by two ways: first by pre- spices to be sent to the pope. The savage tending that an army was to be sent into the people then cut off his arms and privy memlower country, under the command of the bers, and drew him in that state through the admiral, prince of Navarre and Conde; not streets of Paris, after which, they took him that the king had any intention of so doing, to the place of execution, out of the city, and but only with a view to ascertain what there hanged him up by the heels, exposing force the admiral had under him, who they his mutilated body to the scorn of the popuwere, and what were their names. The lace.

second was, a marriage suborned between The martyrdom of this virtuous man had the prince of Navarre and the sister of the no sooner taken place, than the armed solking of France; to which were to be invited diers ran about slaying all the Protestants all the chief Protestants. Accordingly, they they could find within the city. This confirst began with the queen of Navarre; she tinued many days, but the greatest slaughter consented to come to Paris, where she was was in the three first days, in which were at length won over to the king's mind. said to be murdered above 10,000 men and Shortly after she fell sick, and died within women, old and young, of all sorts and confive days, not without suspicion of poison; ditions. The bodies of the dead were car but her body being opened, no signs thereof ricd in carts and thrown into the river, which appeared. A certain apothecary, however, was all stained therewith; also whole streams made his boast, that he had killed the queen in various parts of the city ran with the by venomous odors and smells, prepared by blood of the slain. In the number that were himself. slain of the more learned sort, were Peter Ramus, Lambinus, Plateanus, Lomenius Chapesius, and others.

Notwithstanding this, the marriage still proceeded. The admiral, prince of Navarre and Condé, with divers other chief states of These brutal deeds were not confined the Protestants, induced by the king's let- within the walls of Paris, but extended int ters and many fair promises, came to Paris, other cities and quarters of the realm, especi and were received with great solemnity. ally to Lyons, Orleans, Toulouse, and Rouen The marriage at length took place on the where the cruelties were unparalleled 18th of August, 1572, and was solemnized Within the space of one month, thirty thou by the cardinal of Bourbon upon a high sand Protestants, at least, are said to hav stage set up on purpose without the church been slain, as is credibly reported by thos walls: the prince of Navarre and Condé who testify of the matter. came down, waiting for the king's sister, When intelligence of the massacre wa who was then at mass. This done, the com- received at Rome, the greatest rejoicing pany all went to the bishop's palace to din- were made. The pope and cardinals wen ner. In the evening they were conducted in solemn procession to the church of S to the king's palace to supper. Four days Mark to give thanks to God. A jubilee wa after this, the admiral coming from the also published, and the ordnance fired fro council table, on his way was shot at with a pistol, charged with three bullets, and wounded in both his arm3. Notwithstanding which, he still remained in Paris, although the Vidam advised him to flee.

Soldiers were appointed in various parts of the city to be ready at a watch-word, upon which they rushed out to the slaughter of

the castle of St. Angelo. To the person wi brought the news, the cardinal of Lorrain gave 1000 crowns. Like rejoicings we also made all over France for this imagine overthrow of the faithful.

The following are among the particula recorded of the above enormities:

The admiral, on being wounded in bo

his arms, said to Maure, preacher to the At Bordeaux, by the instigation of a monk, queen of Navarre, "O my brother, I now named Enimund Angerius, two hundred and perceive that I am beloved of my God, seeing sixty-four persons were cruelly murdered, of that for his most holy name's sake I do suffer whom some were senators. This monk conthese wounds." He was slain by Bemjus, tinually provoked the people in his sermons who afterwards reported that he never saw to this slaughter.

man so constantly and confidently suffer At Agendicum, in Maine, a cruel slaughter death. of the Protestants was committed by the inMany honorable men, and great person-stigation of Æmarus, inquisitor of criminal ages, were, at the same time, murdered, causes. A rumor being spread abroad that namely, count Rochefoucault; Telinius, the the Protestants had taken secret counsel to admiral's son-in-law; Antonius Claromontus, invade and spoil the churches, above a hunmarquis of Ravely, Lewis Bussius, Bandi-dred of every estate and sex were by the neus, Pleuvialius, Bernius, &c. enraged people killed or drowned in the

Francis Nompar Caumontius, being in river Igonna, which runs by the city. bed with his two sons, was slain with one of On entering Blois, the duke of Guise, (to them: the other was strangely preserved, whom the city had opened its gates) gave it and afterwards came to great dignity. Ste- up to rapine and slaughter; houses were phen Cevalerie Prime, chief treasurer to spoiled, many Protestants who had remained the king in Poictiers, a very good man, and were slain or drowned in the river; neither careful of the commonwealth, after he had were women spared, of whom some were paid for his life a large sum of money, was cruelly and perfidiously murdered.

Magdalen Brissonet, an excellent woman, and learned, the widow of Ivermus, master of requests to the king, flying out of the city in poor apparel, was taken, cruelly murdered, and cast into the river.

Two thousand were murdered in one day; and the same liberty of killing and spoiling continued several days after.

ravished, and more murdered. From thence he went to Mere, a town two leagues from Blois, where the Protestants frequently assembled at sermons; which for many days together was spoiled, many of its inhabitants killed, and Cassebonius, the pastor, drowned in the next river.

At Anjou, Albiacus, the pastor, was murdered, certain women slain, and some ravished.

At Meldis, two hundred were cast into John Burgeolus, president of Turin, an prison, and being brought out as sheep to the old man, being suspected to be a Protestant, slaughter, were cruelly murdered. There having bought with a great sum of money also were twenty-five women slain. his life and safety, was, notwithstanding, At Orleans, a thousand men, women, and taken and beaten cruelly with clubs and children, were murdered.

staves, and being stripped of his clothes, was The citizens of Augustobona, hearing of brought to the bank of the river Liger, and the massacre at Paris, shut the gates of their town that no Protestants might escape, and cast all they suspected into prison, who were terwards brought forth and murdered.

hanged with his head downward in the water up to his breast; then the entrails were torn out, while he was yet alive, and thrown into the river, and his heart put upon a spear, and carried about the city.

At Lyons there were eight hundred men, women, and children, most miserably and The town of Barre being taken by the cruelly murdered. Three hundred were Papists, all kinds of cruelty were there used; ain in the archbishop's house. The monks children were cut to pieces, and their bowels would not suffer their bodies to be buried. and hearts being torn out, some of the barAt Toulouse two hundred were murdered. barians, in their blind rage, gnawed them At Rouen five hundred were put to death; with their teeth. and as Thuanus writes, "This example At Albia of Cahors, upon the Lord's day, passed unto other cities, and from cities to the 16th of December, the Papists, at the lowns and villages, so that it is by many ringing of a bell, broke open the houses in pablished, that in all the kingdom above which the Protestants were assembled, and thirty thousand were in these tumults divers killed all they could find; among whom was ys destroyed." one Guacerius, a rich merchant, whom they drew into his house, and then murdered him, with his wife and children.

Á little before this massacre, a man, nurse, and infant, carried to be baptized, were all three murdered.

In a town called Penna, three hundred Bricamotius, a man of seventy years, and persons (notwithstanding their lives had been Caragnius, were laid upon hurdles and promised them) were murdered by Span dawn to execution: and after being in the iards, who were newly come to serve the my reviled and defiled with dirt cast upon French king.

hen, they were hanged. The first might The town of Nonne having capitulated to tane been pardoned, if he would publicly the Papists, upon condition that the foreign confess, that the admiral had conspired soldiers should depart safe with horse and gainst the king, which he refused to do. Jarmor, leaving their ensigns, that the ene

my's soldiers should not enter into the town, Seven assaults were made against th and that no harm should be done to the in-town, none of which succeeded. At on habitants, who (if they chose) might go into time a breach was made by the tremendou the castle; after the yielding of it, the gates cannonade; but through the undaunte were set open, when, without any regard to valor of the citizens, assisted even by the these conditions, the soldiers rushed in, and wives and daughters, the soldiers wer began murdering and spoiling all around driven back with great slaughter. them. Men and women without distinction The siege lasted seven months, when th were killed; the streets resounded with cries duke of Anjou being proclaimed king and groans, and flowed with blood. Many Poland, he, in concert with the king were thrown down headlong from on high. France, entered into a treaty with the pe Among others, the following monstrous act ple of Rochelle, which ended in a peace of cruelty is reported: a certain woman conditions, containing twenty-five article being drawn out of a private place, into having been drawn up by the latter, en which, to avoid the rage of the soldiers, she bracing many immunities both for then had fled with her husband, was, in his sight, selves and other Protestants in France, we shamefully defiled: and then being com- confirmed by the king, and proclaimed wi manded to draw a sword, not knowing to great rejoicings at Rochelle and other citie what end, was forced by others, who guided her hand, to give her husband a wound, whereof he died.

Bordis, a captain under the prince of Condé, at Mirabellum, was killed, and his naked body cast into the street, that, being unburied, the dogs might eat it.

The year following died Charles IX. France, the tyrant who had been so instr mental in the calamities above recorde He was only in the twenty-fifth year of age, and his death was remarkable a dreadful. When lying on his bed, the ble gushed from various parts of his body, an after lingering in horrible torments duri many months, he at length expired.

ROBERT OGUIER, HIS WIFE, AND TWO SO

BURNED AT LISLE.

The prince of Condé being taken prisoner, and his life promised him, was shot in the neck by Montisquius, captain of the duke of Anjou's guard. Thuanus thus speaks of him: "This was the end of Lewis Bourbon, prince of Condé, of the king's blood, a man On March 6, 1556, about ten o'clock above the honor of his birth, most honorable night, the provost of Lisle, with his se in courage and virtue; who, in valor, con- jeants, armed themselves, and went to se stancy, wit, wisdom, experience, courtesy, if they could find any Protestants met eloquence, and liberality, all which virtues gether in houses; but there was then no excelled in him, had few equals, and none, sembly. They therefore came to the hot even by the confession of his enemies, supe- of Robert Oguier, which was a little chur rior to him." where both rich and poor were familiarly structed in the scriptures.

At Orleans one hundred men and women being committed to prison, were, by the furious people, most cruelly murdered.

On

Having entered into the said house, a seeking for their prey, they found cert The enemies of the truth, now glutted books, which they carried away. But with slaughter, began everywhere to tri- whom they principally aimed at was umph in the fallacious opinion, that they there, namely, Baudicon, the son of the s were the sole lords of men's consciences; Robert Cguier, who at that time was g and, truly, it might appear to human reason, abroad to commune and talk of the work that by the destruction of his people, God God with some of the brethren. had abandoned the earth to the ravages of return home, he knocked at the door, wh his enemy. But he had otherwise decreed, Martin, his younger brother, watching and thousands yet, who had not bowed the coming, bade him be cone: but Baudie knee to Baal, were called forth to glory and thinking his brother mistook him for so virtue. The inhabitants of Rochelle, hear- other, said, "It is I, open the door:" w ing of the cruelties committed on their that the serjeants opened the same, and brethren, resolved to defend themselves him in, saying, "Ali, sir, you are well me against the power of the king; and their to whom he answered, "I thank you, example was followed by various other towns, friends, you are also welcome hither." T with which they entered into a confederacy, said the provost, "I arrest you all in exhorting and inspiriting one another in the emperor's name;" and with that comman common cause. To crush this, the king each of them to be bound, viz. the husba shortly after summoned the whole power of his wife, and their two sons (leaving th France, and the greatest of his nobility, two daughters to look to the house). among whom were his royal brothers; he confined them in several prisons. then invested Rochelle by sea and land, and commenced a furious siege, which, but for the immediate hand of God, must have ended in its destruction.

A

days after, the prisoners were brought bel the magistrates, and examined concern their course of life. They first char Robert Oguier with not only absenting h

self from the celebration of mass, but with prison from whence they came, being joyful dissuading others from attending it, and that the Lord did them that honor to be en"maintaining conventicles" in his house. rolled in the number of his martyrs. They He confessed the first charge, and justi- no sooner entered the prison, than a band of fied his conduct by proving from the scrip- friars came thither: one amongst the rest tures that the saying of mass was contrary told them, the hour was come in which they to the ordinances of Jesus Christ, and a mere must finish their days. Robert Oguier and buman institution; and he defended the re- his son answered, "We know it well; but ligious meetings in his house by showing blessed be the Lord our God, who now dethat they were authorized and commanded livering our bodies out of this vile prison, will by our blessed Savior himself. receive our souls into his glorious and hea

One of the magistrates demanded what venly kingdom."

The old man answered, "Poor man, how darest thou attribute that to thyself which belongs to the eternal God, and so rob him of his honor? For it seems by thy speech, that if I will hearken to thee, thou wilt become my Savior. No, no, I have one only Savior, Jesus Christ, who, by and by, will deliver me from this miserable world. I have one doctor, whom the heavenly Father hath commanded me to hear, and I purpose to hearken to none other."

they did when they met together. To which One of the friars endeavored to turn them Baudicon, the eldest son, answered, "If it from their faith, saying, "Father Robert, please you to give me leave, I will open the thou art an old man: let me entreat thee in whole business at large unto you." this thy last hour to think of saving thine The sheriffs, seeing his promptness, look- own soul; and if thou wilt give ear unto ing upon one another, said, "Well, let us me, I warrant thee thou shalt do well.". hear it." Baudicon lifting up his eyes to heaven, began thus: "When we meet together in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to hear the word of God, we first of all prostrate ourselves upon our knees before God, and in the humility of our spirits do make a confession of our sins before his Divine Majesty. Then we pray that the word of God may be rightly divided, and purely preached; we also pray for our sovereign lord the emperor, and for all his honorable counsellors, that the commonwealth may be peace- Another exhorted him to take pity on his ably governed to the glory of God; yea, we soul: "Thou willest me," said Robert, "to forget not you, whom we acknowledge our pity mine own soul: dost thou not see what superiors, entreating our good God for you, pity I have on it, when for the name of Christ ad for this whole city, that you may main- I willingly abandon this body of mine to the in it in all tranquillity. Thus I have ex- fire, hoping to-day to be with him in paraactly related unto you what we do: think dise? I have put all my confidence in God, you now, whether we have offended so highly and my hope is wholly fixed upon the merits m this matter of our assembling." of Christ, his death, and passion; he will diWhile they were thus examined, each of rect me the right way to his kingdom. I be them made an open confession of their faith; lieve what the holy prophets and apostles and being returned again to prison, they not have written, and in that faith will I live and ng after were put to the torture, to make die." The friar hearing this, said, "Out, them confess who they were that frequented dog, thou art not worthy the name of a Christheir house: but they would discover none, tian! thou and thy son with thee are both unless such as were well known to the resolved to damn your bodies and souls with adges, or else were at that time absent. all the devils in the bottom of hell." Four or five days after, the father and his As they were about to separate Baudicon two sons were again brought before the ma- from his father, he said, "Let my father gistrates, and after many words passed, they alone, and trouble him not thus; he is an old ked them whether they would submit man, and hath an infirm body: hinder him themselves to the will of the magistrates. not, I pray you, from receiving the crown of The father and his eldest son, with some de- martyrdom." Baudicon was then conveyed liberation, said, "Yea, we will." into a chamber apart, and there being stripThen the same being demanded of the ped of his clothes, was prepared to be sacriyounger son, he answered, that he would ficed. While one brought him gunpowder Pact submit himself thereto, but would ac- to put to his breast, a fellow standing by ompany his mother; so he was sent back said, "Wert thou my brother, I would sell Again to prison, whilst the father and bro- all that I am worth to buy fagots to burn ther were sentenced to be burnt to ashes. thee-thou findest but too much favor." The

One of the judges, after sentence was pro- young man answered, "Well, sir, the Lord nounced, said, "To-day you shall go to dwell show you more mercy." Whilst they spake with all the devils in hell-fire," which he thus to Baudicon, some of the friars pressed ake as one transported with fury in be-about the old man, persuading him at least ding the great patience of these two ser- to take a crucifix into his hands, "lest the ats of Christ. Having received the sen- people," said they, "should murmur against bce of death, they were returned to the you;" adding further, that he might for all