an entertainment by the governor, he inform-house of one Mr. Busbich, where all com ed him of what had befallen Mr. Lithgow, forts were given him. It fortunately heyfrom the time of his being apprehended as a pened, that there was at this time a squadspy, and described the various sufferings he ron of English ships in the road, commanded had endured. He likewise told him, that by Sir Richard Hawkins, who being informafter it was known the prisoner was inno-ed of the past sufferings and present situacent, it gave him great concern. That on tion of Mr. Lithgow, came the next day this account he would gladly have released ashore, with a proper guard, and received him, restored his money and papers, and him from the merchants. He was instantly made some atonement for the injuries he had carried in blankets on board the Vanguard, received; but that, upon an inspection into and three days after was removed to another his writings, several were found of a blas- ship, by direction of the general, Sir Robert phemous nature. That on his refusing to Mansel. The factory presented him with abjure these heretical opinions, he was turn- clothes, and all necessary provisions, beed over to the inquisition, who finally con- sides which they gave him 200 reals in sildemned him, ver; and Sir Richard Hawkins sent him twe While the governor was relating this tale, double pistoles. Sir Richard also demanded a Flemish youth, servant to the Spanish gen- the delivery of his papers, money, books, &c. tleman, who waited at table, was struck before his departure from the Spanish coast, with amazement and pity at the description but could not obtain any satisfactory answer of the sufferings of the stranger. On his re- on that head. By such secondary means turn to his master's lodging, he began to re- does Providence frequently interfere in bevolve in his mind what he had heard, which half of the virtuous and oppressed. made such an impression on him that he Having lain twelve days in the road, the could not rest in his bed; and when the ship weighed anchor, and in about two months morning came, without disclosing his inten- arrived safe at Deptford. The next morntions to any person, he went into the town, ing Mr. Lithgow was carried on a feather and inquired for an English factor. He was bed to Theobalds, in Hertfordshire, where, directed to the house of one Mr. Wild, to at that time, were the king and royal family. whom he related the whole of what he had Mr. Lithgow was presented to him, and reheard the preceding evening, between his lated the particulars of his sufferings, and master and the governor: but could not tell his happy delivery; which the king was so Mr. Lithgow's name. Mr. Wild, however, affected at, that he expressed the deepest conjectured it was he, by the servant remembering the circumstance of his being a traveller. concern, and gave orders that he should be sent to Bath. By these means, under God, after some time, Mr. Lithgow was restored, Mr. Wild, therefore, on the departure of from the most wretched spectacle, to a great the servant, immediately sent for the other share of health and strength; but he lost the English factors, to whom he related all the par- use of his left arm, several of the smaller ticulars relative to their unfortunate country- bones being so crushed and broken, as to be man. After a short consultation it was agreed, rendered ever after unserviceable. that information of the whole affair should Notwithstanding every effort, Mr. Lithbe sent, by express, to Sir Walter Aston, the gow could never obtain any part of his money English ambassador at Madrid. This was or effects, though his majesty, and the minaccordingly done, and the ambassador hav-isters, interested themselves in his behalf. ing presented a memorial to the king and Gondamore, the Spanish ambassador, indeed, council of Spain, obtained an order for Mr. promised that all his effects should be reLithgow's enlargement, and his delivery to stored, with the addition of 1000l. English the English factory. This order was direct- money, as some atonement for the tortures ed to the governor of Malaga; and was re- he had undergone, which last was to be paid ceived by the whole assembly of the bloody him by the governor of Malaga. These eninquisition with the greatest surprise. gagements, however, were never kept; and Mr. Lithgow was released from his con- though the king was a kind of guarantee for finement on the eve of Easter-Sunday, when the performance of them, the cunning Spanhe was carried from his dungeon on the back iard found means to elude the order. of the slave that had attended him, to the BOOK VI. FARTHER HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS, SUFFERINGS, AND CRUEL DEATIIS ̊ OF PROTESTANT MARTYRS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES, DURING THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES. Brief Relation of the Horrible Massacre in France, Ànno 1572. AFTER a long series of troubles in France, the Protestants, beginning with the admiral, the Papists seeing nothing could be done who being dreadfully wounded, was cast out against the Protestants by open force, began of the window into the street, where his to devise how they could entrap them by head being struck off, was embalmed with subtlety, and that by two ways: first by pre-spices to be sent to the pope. The savage tending that an army was to be sent into the people then cut off his arms and privy memlower country, under the command of the bers, and drew him in that state through the admiral, prince of Navarre and Conde; not streets of Paris, after which, they took him that the king had any intention of so doing, to the place of execution, out of the city, and but only with a view to ascertain what there hanged him up by the heels, exposing force the admiral had under him, who they his mutilated body to the scorn of the popu were, and what were their names. The lace. second was, a marriage suborned between The martyrdom of this virtuous man had the prince of Navarre and the sister of the no sooner taken place, than the armed selking of France; to which were to be invited diers ran about slaying all the Protestants all the chief Protestants. Accordingly, they they could find within the city. This confirst began with the queen of Navarre; she tinued many days, but the greatest slaughter consented to come to Paris, where she was was in the three first days, in which were at length won over to the king's mind. said to be murdered above 10,000 men and Shortly after she fell sick, and died within women, old and young, of all sorts and confive days, not without suspicion of poison; ditions. The bodies of the dead were car but her body being opened, no signs thereof ricd in carts and thrown into the river, which appeared. A certain apothecary, however, was all stained therewith; also whole streams made his boast, that he had killed the queen in various parts of the city ran with the by venomous odors and smells, prepared by blood of the slain. In the number that were himself. slain of the more learned sort, were Peter Ramus, Lambinus, Plateanus, Lomenius, Chapesius, and others. Notwithstanding this, the marriage still proceeded. The admiral, prince of Navarre and Condé, with divers other chief states of These brutal deeds were not confined the Protestants, induced by the king's let- within the walls of Paris, but extended into ters and many fair promises, came to Paris, other cities and quarters of the realm, especiand were received with great solemnity. ally to Lyons, Orleans, Toulouse, and Rouen, The marriage at length took place on the where the cruelties were unparalleled. 18th of August, 1572, and was solemnized Within the space of one month, thirty thouby the cardinal of Bourbon upon a high sand Protestants, at least, are said to have stage set up on purpose without the church been slain, as is credibly reported by those walls: the prince of Navarre and Condé who testify of the matter. came down, waiting for the king's sister, When intelligence of the massacre was who was then at mass. This done, the com- received at Rome, the greatest rejoicings pany all went to the bishop's palace to din- were made. The pope and cardinals went ner. In the evening they were conducted in solemn procession to the church of St. to the king's palace to supper. Four days Mark to give thanks to God. A jubilee was after this, the admiral coming from the also published, and the ordnance fired from council table, on his way was shot at with a pistol, charged with three bullets, and wounded in both his arms. Notwithstanding which, he still remained in Paris, although the Vidam advised him to flee. Soldiers were appointed in various parts of the city to be ready at a watch-word, upon which they rushed out to the slaughter of the castle of St. Angelo. To the person who brought the news, the cardinal of Lorraine gave 1000 crowns. Like rejoicings were also made all over France for this imagined overthrow of the faithful. The following are among the particulars recorded of the above enormities: The admiral, on being wounded in both 7 his arms, said to Maure, preacher to the At Bordeaux, by the instigation of a monk, queen of Navarre, "O my brother, I now named Enimund Angerius, two hundred and perceive that I am beloved of my God, seeing sixty-four persons were cruelly murdered, of that for his most holy name's sake I do suffer whom some were senators. This monk conthese wounds." He was slain by Bemjus, tinually provoked the people in his sermons who afterwards reported that he never saw to this slaughter. man so constantly and confidently suffer At Agendicum, in Maine, a cruel slaughter death. of the Protestants was committed by the inMany honorable men, and great person-stigation of Amarus, inquisitor of criminal ages, were, at the same time, murdered, causes. A rumor being spread abroad that namely, count Rochefoucault; Telinius, the the Protestants had taken secret counsel to admiral's son-in-law; Antonius Claromontus, invade and spoil the churches, above a hunmarquis of Ravely, Lewis Bussius, Bandi-dred of every estate and sex were by the Deus, Pleuvialius, Bernius, &c. enraged people killed or drowned in the Francis Nompar Caumontius, being in river Igonna, which runs by the city. bed with his two sons, was slain with one of On entering Blois, the duke of Guise, (to them: the other was strangely preserved, whom the city had opened its gates) gave it and afterwards came to great dignity. Ste- up to rapine and slaughter; houses were phen Cevalerie Prime, chief treasurer to spoiled, many Protestants who had remained the king in Poictiers, a very good man, and were slain or drowned in the river; neither careful, of the commonwealth, after he had were women spared, of whom some were paid for his life a large sum of money, was ravished, and more murdered. From thence cruelly and perfidiously murdered. he went to Mere, a town two leagues from Magdalen Brissonet, an excellent woman, Blois, where the Protestants frequently asand learned, the widow of Ivermus, master sembled at sermons; which for many days of requests to the king, flying out of the city together was spoiled, many of its inhabitants in poor apparel, was taken, cruelly murder- killed, and Cassebonius, the pastor, drowned ed, and cast into the river. in the next river. Two thousand were murdered in one day; At Anjou, Albiacus, the pastor, was murand the same liberty of killing and spoiling dered, certain women slain, and some ravThe continued several days after. ished. At Meldis, two hundred were cast into John Burgeolus, president of Turin, an prison, and being brought out as sheep to the old man, being suspected to be a Protestant, ughter, were cruelly murdered. There having bought with a great sum of money also were twenty-five women slain. At Orleans, a thousand men, women, and children, were murdered. The citizens of Augustobona, hearing of the massacre at Paris, shut the gates of their own that no Protestants might escape, and stall they suspected into prison, who were afterwards brought forth and murdered. his life and safety, was, notwithstanding, taken and beaten cruelly with clubs and staves, and being stripped of his clothes, was brought to the bank of the river Liger, and hanged with his head downward in the water up to his breast; then the entrails were torn out, while he was yet alive, and thrown into the river, and his heart put upon a spear, and carried about the city. At Lyons there were eight hundred men, and women, and children, most miserably and The town of Barre being taken by the cruelly murdered. Three hundred were Papists, all kinds of cruelty were there used; ain in the archbishop's house. The monks children were cut to pieces, and their bowels would not suffer their bodies to be buried. and hearts being torn out, some of the barAt Toulouse two hundred were murdered. barians, in their blind rage, gnawed them At Rouen five hundred were put to death; with their teeth. das Thuanus writes, "This example At Albia of Cahors, upon the Lord's day, psed unto other cities, and from cities to the 16th of December, the Papists, at the towns and villages, so that it is by many ringing of a bell, broke open the houses in published, that in all the kingdom above which the Protestants were assembled, and irty thousand were in these tumults divers killed all they could find; among whom was ys destroyed." one Guacerius, a rich merchant, whom they drew into his house, and then murdered him, with his wife and children. A little before this massacre, a man, nurse, and infant, carried to be baptized, were all ee murdered. In a town called Penna, three hundred Bricamotius, a man of seventy years, and persons (notwithstanding their lives had been agnius, were laid upon hurdles and promised them) were murdered by Span w to execution: and after being in the iards, who were newly come to serve the reviled and defiled with dirt cast upon French king. they were hanged. The first might The town of Nonne having capitulated to e been pardoned, if he would publicly the Papists, upon condition that the foreign , that the admiral had conspired soldiers should depart safe with horse and st the king, which he refused to do. Jarmor, leaving their ensigns, that the ene force of bigotry, and from fear of incurring bleeding, and the hot bath; when the veins the anger of the inquisition, passed sentence of his arms and legs being opened, he exof death on his only son. pired gradually, falling a martyr to the malThe prince had what was termed an in- ice of the inquisitors, and the besotted bigotdulgence; that is, he was permitted to ry of his father. choose the manner of his death. He chose SECTION V. Further Accounts of the Persecutions of Protestants in Foreign Countries. DR. ÆGIDIO. undertook the task, and read lectures, by DR. EGIDIO was educated at the univer- portions, on the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and sity of Alcala, and applied himself to the Canticles; but while beginning to expound study of the sacred scriptures. The profess- the book of Job, the inquisitors seized him. or of theology dying, he was elected in his When brought to examination, he answered place, and gave great satisfaction to every with such precaution that they could not find impartial person by his learning and piety. any explicit charge against him, but reHis enemies, however, laid a complaint mained doubtful in what manner to proceed. against him to the inquisitors, who sent him when the following circumstance occurred. a citation, and when he appeared to it, cast. The doctor had deposited with a woman. him into a dungeon. named Martin, several books, which to him As the greatest part of those who belong- were very valuable, but which he knew ed to the cathedral at Seville, and many per- were exceptionable in the eyes of the inqui sons belonging to the bishopric of Dortois, sition. This woman was apprehended, and approved of the doctrines of Egidio, which after a short process, her goods were ordered they thought perfectly consonant with true to be confiscated. Previous, however, to the religion, they petitioned the emperor in his officers coming to her house, her son had re behalf. Though the monarch had been edu-moved several chests full of the most valu cated a Roman Catholic, he was not a bigot; able articles, and among these were th and therefore sent an immediate order for his books of Dr. Constantine; but a treacherou liberation. Soon after, he visited the church servant having given intelligence of this u of Valladolid, did every thing he could to the inquisitors, an officer was dispatched t promote the cause of religion, and returning the son to demand the chests. The son, sup home he fell sick, and died in an extreme posing the officer only came for Constantine old age. books, said, "I know what you come for, an The inquisitors having been disappointed I will fetch them to you immediately." H of gratifying their malice against him while then fetched the books and papers, and de living, determined (as the emperor's whole livered them to the officer, who was great! thoughts were engrossed by a military expe- surprised to find what he did not look for. dition) to wreak their vengeance on him when dead. They therefore, soon after he was buried, ordered his remains to be dug up; and a legal process being carried on, they were condemned to be burnt, which was accordingly.executed. The inquisitors, thus possessed of Con stantine's books and writings, were soon er abled to form charges against him. Whe he was brought up for re-examination, the presented one of his papers, and asked hi if he knew the handwriting. Perceiving to be his own, he confessed the writing, an justified the doctrine it contained, saying This gentleman, an intimate acquaintance"In that and all my other writings, I hav of Dr. Egidio, was a man of uncommon never departed from the truth of the gosp natural abilities and profound learning. His but have always kept in view the pure pr eloquence, and the soundness of his doc- cepts of Christ as he delivered them to ma trines, rendered him a highly pleasing and kind." Having been detained upwards popular preacher. two years in prison, he was at last seiz DR: CONSTANTINE. When fully confirmed in Protestantism by with a bloody-flux, which put an end to b Dr. Ægidio, he preached boldly such doc- miseries. The process, however, was ca trines only as were agreeable to gospel puri- ried on against his body, which was burnt ty, and uncontaminated by the errors of the the ensuing Auto da Fé. Romish church. This created him many enemies among the Roman Catholics, who determined on his utter ruin. One Scobarte, a worthy gentleman, having erected a school for divinity lectures, appointed Dr. Constantine to be reader therein. He immediately MARTYRDOM OF NICHOLAS BURTON. Mr. Burton was a merchant of Lond who traded into Spain. Being at Cadiz familiar of the inquisition called upon h one day at his lodgings, pretending that |