when his time has come, he shall be laid by his breaking of machinery. I now see but one objec‐ children. These are the feelings of the owners of tion which can possibly be raised to this powerthe soil. Words cannot paint them-gold can- that is, the wind does not blow constantly. To not buy them; they flow out of the deepest foun- this I offer the following considerations: tains of the heart, they are the life-springs of a 1st. You have a good working power, for onefresh, healthy and generous national character.-half the days, and nights also, during the year, and at times a mill will run night and day for two weeks in succession. Edward Everett. For the New England Farmer. A NEW WIND-MILL. 2d. This mighty agent, of almost unbounded power, costs nothing-the Creator makes it a free gift to all. Many millions of horse power, go S. BROWN, Esq.-Dear Sir,-I send you here- sweeping through the heavens, over every man's with a letter to me from an old friend, which if farm and work-shop, which the skill of man can you think best you, will please publish in the now control, using it to pump water for beautifyFarmer. I know nothing of the newly-invented ing grounds with ponds and fountains, supplyng wind-mill my friend describes more than you can houses, watering stock, irrigating land; and if aplearn from his communication. He is of quite a scientific turn of mind, and I think it quite probable the invention may prove valuable to the community. F. HOLBROOK. Brattleboro', August 2, 1854. plied to machinery, the extensive farmer will use it to thresh grain, saw wood, cut hay, &c. In using it to supply water, large reservoirs can be built to draw from, in case the mill should be still for a few days. It is very appropriate for irrigating land, making flowers, fruits and grains to MR. HOLBROOK :-Dear Sir,-Knowing the in-grow, where the mullen and sorrel, now scarcely terest which you take in any new invention of find nourishment, and where now the dismal croak merit, particularly, such as directly benefits the of the frog is heard, the clear music of the seythe agricultural commuuity, I am induced to write and whetstone to ring upon the morning air. you respecting a wind-mill of an entirely new con- The inventor will soon commence the manufa estruction. Within the last few years I have no-ture of these mills on a large scale, and notify the ticed many inquiries in the scientific and agricul- public by advertising the same in the New Engtural papers of this country, respecting wind-land Farmer. Very truly, your friend, mills, stating, that if some ingenious mechanic New Haven, July 19, 1854. would invent machinery to be carried by wind, I. B. which could be regulated with but little difficulty, REMARKS.-There is scarcely anything which and of a permanent, durable construction, not would prove of more substantial service to the likely to be destroyed by severe gales, he would farmer, than the means of collecting and distribnot only be doing the public a great service, but would most assuredly acquire a fortune thereby. uting water at his pleasure. On many farms large For centuries, the civilized world has been looking quantities of pure water are collected by drainage, for something of this kind. In the retired village which run idly by, while all the water needed of Ellington, Conn., DANIEL HALADAY, a young for a large family and a large stock of cattle, mechanic, has, after one year's trial, succeeded in sheep and horses, has to be raised by human toil. producing a wind-mill, or wind-engine, which reg- If a cheap, substantial, and permanent powulates itself. When terrific gales strike it, the broad wings swing back, presenting only their er were devised, all this labor might be given thin edges to the wind, and when the extra pres-over to the sport of the winds, and thousands of sure has passed, the fans, of themselves,.swing gardens and lawns and fields irrigated, so as to back, presenting their surface to the wind, or such add immensely to the beauty of the landscape, a part of the surface as the pressure will admit of. The mill we have there in operation, has and untold profits to the labor of the husbandbeen running since early last spring, proving by a man. We earnestly hope that the mill here spokfair trial its utility and capability of regulating en of, will meet the general wants of the people, itself through severe storms. The wheel is ten and that our friend will let us know more particfeet in diameter, having five foot fans; they will ularly about it. be enlarged as more power is required. For the New England Farmer. BUDDING. This one draws water from a well 28 feet deep, and 100 feet distant, forcing it to supply a barn, blacksmith's shop, and fish-pond, all of which have been bountifully supplied by it. Repeated In your paper of to-day, I saw a few remarks trials and their failure in producing a desirable on budding. You suggested the propriety of inwind-power, has nearly discouraged farmers from serting buds two or three weeks earlier than attempting its use. I recollect that when a boy, common, and for the two or three years past, I 1 was tending a four horse-power steam-engine in have commenced budding as soon as I ascertained your village, and for a moment detached the reg- that the bark would peel, inserting a few occaulator: the movement became immediately so sionally, as I found time, as long as it would peel, rapid and violent, that, had I not quickly replaced and I found that many of the early buds failed, it, the increased speed would have torn it from while most of the latter lived. Being desirous to its foundation. Now, many times there is a pres- know which would do best, early or late budding, sure in the air, as great as that upon the steam- I inserted buds in the same stalks with my first engine; yet people, to some extent, are trying to budding, two or three weeks after the first buduse this power with nothing to control it, and the ding, and found that the last buds mostly lived; results are violent, irregular, motion, and frequent whilst the first, but few survived, though some of them adhered to the stalks, and healed up and ad- day in examining the best stock in his own counpeared green, and remained stationary through ty, and found, as he unquestionably will, better the first and second seasons and the present sea- animals than he expected, he has prepared his son have sent out some very feeble shoots, show-mind to extend his observations still further. He ing that the bark will peel before the buds are old desires to know if other counties can do as well. enough to terminate. A SUBSCRIBER. ATTEND THE FAIRS. Rockingham County, at Exeter.......September 13 and 14. The information he has gained at one exhibition will be doubled at a second, and increased in a three-fold ratio at a third or a fourth. It is impossible for a man to go with open eyes, to a County exhibition, away from his own neigborhood, without acquiring new facts, and gaining some information in relation to his daily labors. The same is true, only in a greater degree, in regard to the State shows. Here he will obtain a sort of summary of the whole, a condensation and review of the subject matter which has been before him. Now we have a few words to say in this connection relative to attending these anniversaries. One We would therefore advise farmers to attend object of Fairs, and perhaps we may say the great all the Fairs in the State, so far as it is possible. object, is to afford an opportunity for all present Go and make comparisons for your own good and to witness the product of the farmer's skill and for the common benefit of those who labor with you. toil-to see what cattle he rears, what grain he Societies should take pains to send delegates, produces, what fabrics are manufactured beneath and have reports published concerning kindred his roofs that all may learn his method of man-associations, and we hope this fall, as our Fairs agement and be benefited thereby. The exhibitor are so well arranged, to see delegates sent from himself is not the only one to be profited by pre- every society to every other, and to read from senting his stock, his dairy products and his do- those delegates full reports of what they witnessed mestic manufactures. To be sure, competition at these exhibitions.-Granite Farmer. may arouse his ambition and induce him to make more vigorous efforts. But the real benefit to be gained is by comparing his own with similar articles presented by others. MACHINERY IN FARMING---ITS AB- But I have nothing to present, says one; why It is not enough that farmers avail themselves need I attend? For the very reason which you of all the advantages which chemistry affords in would assign for not attending. When you have its application to their art; it is not enough that made up your mind to attend the Fair for the sake they learn how to save as much as possible of the of learning, you have already done much-you manures made on their premises, and the best have conquered your prejudices." You go with methods of applying these and also purchased an honest motive. You pass around from yard to specific manures; it is not enough that they yard among the cattle-you examine the horses, know at what seasons and to what depths their the sheep, the swine-you pass through the dairy soils should be cultivated. They must perform hall-see the butter and cheese; near by you find as many of the operations of farming by machinan abundance of fruit and of garden vegetables; ery, as machinery can be made to perform to adyou cannot pass over the countless articles con- vantage. tributed from the female portion of the farmer's There is no other way in which agriculture household. You see more than you imagined your can keep pace in respectability, pleasure and little county produced. You find much to admire profit, with other arts. Without this expedient -much to inspire you with a determination to ex- it will be outstripped by them, and sink steadily ert more power and apply yourself more earnestly in comparative rank. to your products in future. But as you pass By machinery, as we use the word here, we along you behold manifold objects far less deserv- mean all mechanical contrivances which can be ing than those produced by your own hands; you substituted for manual labor, and combined with are satisfied that it is so, and your modesty will manual labor so as greatly to increase its producnot prevent you from declaring it. The next year tiveness. you too are a competitor, and most likely a suc- And the policy which we recommend includes Your whole family are interested in also animal labor, and as a more powerful cooperator with it. cessful one. the Fair. You have reaped a benefit unexpectedly. But So far as a horse or an ox can be made to do this is not all, you make fifty acquaintances, you the work of five men, the horse or the ox earns talk of your common products, you learn new the net product of five men's labor for the emmethode of cultivation, you acquire more new ployer. If one man cultivates as much corn, and thoughts than you before supposed your mind ca- cultivates it well, with one horse, attached to a pable of containing, and if you are wise, you will cultivator, as his neighbor cultivates with ten put some of them into practical operation as soon hoes in the hands of ten men, it is easy to see as you have an opportunity. From these you which of the two is travelling the fastest on the will make new acquisitions, and in time you will road to wealth. gain another benefit, where you anticipated noth- So in cutting grass, in planting and harvesting ing at the beginning. grain. in shelling corn, and in various other op For these reasons for the benefits which will erations of the farm, machines can do the work arise to yourself and your children-attend your for a small per centage of the cost of manual laCounty Fairs; and when a farmer has spent one bor.-M' Makin's Courier. For the New England Farmer. during every fair day should have the benefit of NATIVE ORNAMENTAL TREES. all the sunlight which the windows can admit. Who that has ever been a sufferer from dyspepsia, Knowing as I do, that the editor of the Farmer rheumatism, or any other of the lingering diseases entertains an enthusiastic love of the beautiful of our climate, has not noticed the difference in throughout the varied manifestations of nature, his feelings on a dark cloudy day, and in the as well as an active and substantial regard for the bright, cheering, smiling sunshine? useful, possibly a word in favor of some of the The effects of sunlight are still more apparent many beautiful and noble trees of our native land, as ornamental, and yet useful and necessary, may a difference there is in the quality of the "pasture the vegetable than upon the animal. What upon not be altogether in vain. ash," so called, and that which grew in the deep Why may not the lofty elm and the towering shade of the forest, not only in the form of the pine, the stately walnut and the sturdy oak, the tree, but in the strength and texture of the wood. pretty maple and symmetrical hemlock, compare This difference must no doubt be owing mostly to favorably with any from a foreign soil? Then the exposure to the winds, difference of soil, &c., there is the ash with its dark foliage, and the pop- but in a great measure to the influence of light. lar with tremulous leaves, the delicately perfumed We often see vegetables stretch upward in order Dear bought, and brought from far, may bet- telligence in regard to its necessity in the process to get at the light, seeming to have a sort of inter suit the taste of the city gentleman, but the of maturing its flowers and fruit. The scape or country nobleman, who tills his lands with his stalk of the dandelion, for instance, which supports own hands, and reaps the reward of his willing its flowers, if it grows where there is nothing to toil from the yielding surface of his own soil, will shade it, is seldom more than three or four inches recline at fervid noon with self-satisfaction and long, but among tall weeds, or grass, where shaded, complacency, under the over-arching boughs of it will sometimes grow to the heigth of two feet some stately forest tree which he himself may in its endeavors to avoid the overshadowing influhave planted in his youth. locust, and others "too numerous to mention." Go, then, and plant trees that shall yield rich fruits and afford thee grateful shade. 8th mo., 1854. I. S. REMARKS.-We duly appreciate your brief and appropriate hints, and hope every reader will. There are no trees more beautiful than some which you have named. The palm tree itself does not exceed the hemlock in beauty, and in gracefulness the elm cannot be outdone. Our forests are full of trees that are exceedingly pleasant to the eye. ence of its neighbors, and gain free access to the light. Gardeners sometimes take advantage of this fact, and obtain long stalks of rhubarb early, by placing a barrel with each end knocked out over the spreading leaves. The leaves stretch up towards the light at the top, and thus they get long and tender stalks for early use. Plants kept in the house always lean towards the nearest window, and we have this summer seen a cornfield adjoining a thick grove of tall the trees, leaned away from the shade, the plants trees, where the plants, for some distance from in the rows nearest to the trees 'standing at an angle of fifteen degrees from perpendicular, and gradually becoming erect as the distance increased. USE AND INFLUENCE OF LIGHT. One reason why light is so essential to healthy Light comes next to air and warmth, in its in-vegetation, is undoubtedly this, viz: the discompo fluence on the vigor and health of both animal sition of the carbonic acid in the air, or in other and vegetable life. It is true we could live in the words, the absorption of carbon from the air, one dark, but it is not healthy to keep shady, even in of the most important sources of nourishment to a physical point of view. vegetables, can take place only through the agenThe rays of the sun have a remarkable influence cy of light. In the shade, the process goes on on the growth as well as the health of animals very feebly, and in night is wholly suspended.— and vegetables. It is a fact that the men who Maine Farmer. work in the coal mines of Europe, are subject to peculiar forms of diseases. This can only be ac- SALT YOUR CHIMNEYS.-In building a chimney, counted for by their living far down in the depths put a quantity of salt in the mortar with which of the earth, away from the vivifying light of day. the inner courses of bricks are to be laid. The efIt has been found that domestic animals will not fect will be that there will never be any accumuthrive and grow when kept in a dark place, lation of soot in that chimney. The philosophy is though ever so well fed and cared for in other thus stated: the salt in the portion of mortar respects. which is exposed absorbs moisture from the atmoIt is a fact well known to medical men, that in sphere every damp day. The soot thus becoming crowded cities, the inhabitants of houses on the damp, falls down to the fireplace. This appears north side of a street, where all the principal to be an English discovery. It is used with sucrooms are well lighted, suffer much less from cess in Canada. sickness than families living on the other side, all other causes of health and disease being, as far as can be ascertained, exactly the same. The custom of excluding light from houses by heavy and thick window curtains, now so common, may preserve the furniture, but does not always preserve the health of its inmates. This is especially the case with regard to sleepingrooms, which should not only be well aired, but TO RUIN A SON.-1. Allow him to have his own way. 2. Let him have plenty of money. 6. Call him to no account for his evenings. HICKOK'S PATENT IMPROVED CIDER this press, owing to the compactness of the pomace in the tub, and the complete manner in which it is MILL. Second-It will make cleaner and sweeter cider than any other mill. The machine is made to run by horse, steam or ground, a pressure of from three to five tonshand power, and when the apples are ground, a that can easily be obtained-will produce a more small boy of fourteen years can press the pomace favorable result than fifty tons pressure on the with all ease. ordinary cider Press, even if the apples were In all former times it was supposed that a large ground as finely as on the improved mill; and if quantity of cider could only be made by using a the apples were merely crushed as on the nut maponderous machine, that slowly crushed the ap- chine, it would require a pressure of one hundred ples without grinding them fine. They were then tons to produce the result accomplished by this made into a massive cheese in straw, and a most Patent Mill. The following may be adduced as severe and long pressure was required to extract a the decided advantages of this mill: portion of the cider-a considerable quantity be- First-It will make more cider than any other ing absorbed by the straw and the mass of pomace; press, with a given quantity of apples in a given and to obtain this unsatisfactory result, the far- time, and with much less labor and expense. mer had to take all his hands, and perhaps his sixhorse team, and devote a whole day that could have been more profitably employed, to make from Third-You can make the cider as you want it, six to eight barrels of cider. To obviate the dif- and when you want it and in quantities from ficulty the farmers have heretofore labored under, one gallon to six or ten barrels. this machine has been invented, and the statement of a few facts will prove that it is not only the best machine of the kind in existence, but it is the most profitable that a man can have on his farm. The apples are by this machine grated up into fine pulp, so that it requires but a comparatively light pressure, and that but a minute or two, to By referring to our advertising columns the extract all the cider, it being ascertained by prac- reader will learn where these mills may be purtical experiment that one-fourth more juice can be obtained, than by the old process. Besides this, it only requires two hands to grind up and make Dr. G. H. DADD, of Boston, Veterinary into cider a larger quantity of apples than can be Surgeon, author of the Modern Horse Doctor, possibly done on the old fashioned machines. On &c., proposes to make a tour through the West a Fourth-With it you can press your currants, cherries, berries, cheese, butter, lard and tallow. Fifth-With it you can save one-fourth of your time in making apple-butter. Sixth-With its use you can at all times have fresh and sweet cider. chased. ern States, in the month of September, for the and they began to apply for situations as laborers, purpose of making himself acquainted with the notwithstanding the priests always taught them diseases of horses and cattle in that section; and that it was derogatory to the national character of the Hebrews to till the soil. Though, if they at such places as the people may desire to hear had undertaken it by themselves, they would not him, will lecture on Veterinary Science. have been permitted by the Arabs, who hunt them as they would wild beasts. But under the protection of the American farmers, the Arabs will AMERICAN FARMERS IN PALESTINE. permit them to labor, and it is now a matter of The following interesting statement of a new serious discussion among those who know of the agricultural enterprise near Jerusalem, is copied success of this enterprise, whether the most feasible from a late number of the New York Tribune: plan for colonizing the Jews in Palestine is not to "Two years ago, an effort was made in a new make them cultivators of its rich soil. line to ameliorate the condition of the inhabitants "Owing to some difficulty which arose in regard of Palestine. Seven Americans, with improved to the title of the land, they commenced upon in plows and other tools, and American seeds, loca- the Valley of the Artos, the little colony moved ted upon a piece of land seven miles from Jerusa- last year to the Plains of Sharon, where they have lum, one mile from Bethlehem, and made prepar- got a permanent location, and the number consists ations for farming after the American system. now of ten Americans, male and female, and two "Their location was in the valley of Artos, Germans. upon the very site of one of the gardens of SOLO MON. "One of the number was in our office a few days since, from whom we derived these facts. He "Their friends in the city were much opposed to speaks in most encouraging terms of the success their going out there to reside, urging them, if of the agricultural project, and ultimately, by they were determined to try to cultivate the soil, that means, of lan influence upon the inhabitants, to keep their residence in the city, for fear of the that will eventually result in great good. Arabs. This did not suit their plans, and they "This effort has been made through the libertook up their residence upon the land and com-ality of a few Christians in this city, and by the menced operations, plowing deep with one of our same spirit that actuated the first movers in the best plows, harrowing with an iron toothed har- work, immense benefits may be conferred upon row, such as was never seen their before, and that country. All that is wanted to make it a planting corn, potatoes, beans, peas, oats, barley, desirable country for the emigrants of Europe is wheat, and all sorts of garden vegetables; in short, an increase of the present colony sufficient to form making a perfect American farm. a nucleus or rallying-point, and more extended "The operations, instead of exciting the jealousy operations, and a gradual drawing in of the resiof the Arabs, aroused them to a state of surprise, dent population to adopt the same modes of proand the news of what the Americans at Solomon's ducing the varied and profitable products of the were doing, and the wonderful tools they were soil. using, and how peaceable and quiet they were, never saying anything about their religion, flew THE SWALLOWS. on the wings of the wind, and visitors came to look During the week ending the 22d of July, these and wonder, from far and near. The operations interesting birds had been gathering in large of the carpenter and blacksmith were not among numbers, and making preparations for their bruthe least sources of wonder. The rapid manner in which he heated his iron, and hammered it in- mal retreat, and on the evening of the 25th, or to just such shape as he desired, was beyond the early morn of the 26th, the great congregation of comprehension of the simple-minded people. them, left the locality of our residence for their "One day the farm received a visit from twenty-winter home in the South. On the morning of five Sheiks, who inspected all the tools, and the the 26th, as early as half-past four o'clock, not way they were used, and the effect produced, and booked at the growing crops, so much beyond any- even one swallow could we see, where hundreds thing they had ever seen produced before, and might have been seen at that time for many prethen turned their heads together to consult upon vious mornings. During the day some dozen visthe wonders they had witnessed. The conclusion ited their old haunts, and about as many were seen was that the people must possess a very superior for two or three days,.when, on the first day of kind of religion, as that is the standard upon which they base all their estimates of character, August there was a new influx and they could be They made applications at once for several of their counted by scores the latter, however, remained sons to serve as apprentices to learn American but a short time, and a few only were seen on farming, and did not even object that they should the 4th and 5th. We conjecture that the second be taught the principles of American religion; for gathering in large numbers was of those coming surely, said they, it must be a good religion, as these are very good people, and God blesses their from far North, perhaps as high up as Hudson's labor beyond any other in all Palestine. Bay, and pausing here for a day's rest and food. "It would have been dangerous now for any The chimney swallow and purple Martin ane one to molest the American farmers, since they with us still. Last year the Martins left on the had all the Sheiks and principal men in the coun- 8th of August. try on their side, and anxious for their success and influence. The Jews, too, began to think it would Agriculture, like the leader of Israel, strikes be better for them to cultivate such a fruitful soil the rock-the waters flow, and the famished peothan starve in the city, as many of them have done, ple are satisfied. |