APPLE POMACE. GARDEN WALKS. Will you or some of your correspondents inIn the road opposite my field is a large deposit of pomace lying near a brook that empties into form me whether coal tar will answer to cover my land. Will you inform me, whether a wash garden walks? I have seen it used in England, containing so much acid as is likely to come from where it proved well, but I do not know how to that deposit, (probably twenty loads,) does not use it, and wish to be informed. M. HUTCHINSON. directly or indirectly, injure my land? Griggsville, Pike Co., Illinois. SUBSCRIBER. Elliot, Me., 1854. REMARKS.-We should not suppose that what For the New England Farmer. would gradually flow away from such a heap of TIME FOR CUTTING GRAIN. pomace, and into a brook, would do any harm to MR. BROWN:-Dear Sir,-I send you the folthe land. But why keep it there? Cows and swine will eat a small portion of it, if fed to them lowing extract from Stevens's book of the farm, as it is very pertinent to your last week's editorial; in small parcels, and as it is believed to be rich and let me here say that common honesty dein mineral matter, would be valuable to them.mands thatevery one extracting matter from books, Mingled with fresh horse dung or ashes, it would ought in their use of them to give credit for the be converted into good manure. Why would it source of their information. On farming, gardennot be beneficial to the orchard whence the aping, &c., there are a few standard books, and I ples were taken, by being spread thinly over the never see an agricultural paper that I do not find matter put forth with no credit given to anybody ground? that I can turn to some book and find in almost Books the very words of the writer in the paper. more than are common property, but it is no common justice to an author to give him credit for his matter. I would, were it not for the invidiousness of the job, analyze many of these articles, and give justice to whom justice is due. RED ANTS. We cannot tell "W. B.," of Quechee, Vt., what will destroy the red ants of which he com plains. The books inquired for may be found at most of the book-stores in Boston. FOOD FOR HENS. Having seen in the N. E. Farmer, of April, 1854, an account of the profits of sheep in Maine, and having some which are considered pretty good, I send you the income of eight which I wintered in 1853. Lambs, twenty-seven dollars; wool ninsteen dollars-whole amount forty-six dollars; for each sheep five dollars, seventy-five cents. The following experiments were made in England, by Mr. John Hannam, North Deighton, Yorkshire, and of course are equally valuable to us, and even more so to us than to English farmers; owing to the heat of our summers, grain ripens much more rapidly, and gains much more per diem, than in England, and needs earlier comparative attention. No. 1, reaped quite green, 12th August, and stacked the 26.h, gave a return of £11 178 per acre, (about $59,08.) No. 2, reaped green, 19th August, and stacked the 31st, returned £13 6s, (about $66,44.) No. 3, reaped raw on the 26th August, and stacked 9th Sep tember, returned £14 178 4d, (about $74,124.) No. 5, reaped ripe on the 9th September, and stacked the 16th. returned £13 118 Sd, (about $67,76.) A loss of £1 14s 8d ($8,50) on No. 1, compared with No. 5. 5s Sd ($1,37) on No. 2, A gain of £1 6s 4d ($6,50) on No. 3, 66 66 £1 58 Sd ($6,27) on No. 4, In weight of gross produce of 13 1-5 per cent. In weight of equal measures per cent. In weight of equal number of grains of 2 per cent. Other chances are, straw of a better quality, a Will you inform me whether, in applying ashes better chance of securing the crop, and a saving to corn, it would be equally beneficial to misin securing it, no loss by grain tilting out of the with manure and put it in the hill, as to apply head. at the roots on the surface? Ludlow, June, 1854. MR. BROWN:-Will you or some of your read-cultural Chemistry, and have copied pretty freely ers please inform me through the Farmer, wheth- from its pages, on several subjects. We propose er lump butter packed in brine, will keep as well, now to give a chapter or two on the important and come out with as good complexion as when topic of Feeding Animals, which we are sure our put down in tubs solid, as is usually done? Also, whether the price will be as much, more, or less readers will find written in a clear and succinct style, and with with such common, practica! than tub butter, in market? Randolph, Vt., 1854. good sense, as to commend the subject to the N. = most casual observer. Accordingly, in another it has increased during the same period at the rate part of the paper, we give a column or two on a of over four hundred per cent. Indian corn is permatter, which we all, as farmers, ought to under-haps the article by which the fairest estimate may stand better. be drawn between the States and Canada. Tak The whole work is one of great interest to all ing that as a basis, we find that the increase in the cultivators and one which we should recommend United States between 1840 and 1850 has been to every young farmer. PINE WOODS PASTURE AND ERN COWS. equal to 56 per cent., while the increase in Canada of the same article for the last nine years has been SOUTH-163 per cent. The comparative increase in oats has been similarly extensive. Ohio, in 1850, produced 14,487,351 bushels Hundreds of cows that range in the pine woods of the Southern States, do not give a quart of of wheat, while Canada, with a much smaller milk a day, and we have often seen the milking of number of acres under cultivation, produced the a cow in a pint cup without filling it. The ani- same year 16,156,946 bushels. The average promals are generally poor, small, scragged creatures, duce, per acre, in Ohio is 12, and in Canada 14 1-5 bushels. Ohio produces a little over 1-7 part of the wheat raised in all the United States, and and their calves look like foals of the mother of the woolly horse. It is a common thing that planters with large herds have to buy butter and go without milk. The deficiency is generally charged Canada a little less than 1-6 part of that amount. to the climate. This is not the cause. The truth is to be found in the fact that the natural grass COVERED AND UNCOVERED MANURE. of the extensive pine lands of all the Southern States is almost entirely destitute of phosphate of lime, EXPERIMENTS BY LORD KINNAIRD, ENGLAND, WITH without which the cow cannot produce abundant COVERED AND UNCOVERED MANURE: milk; her calf cannot grow rapidly, for it gets no bone material. Don't say, "What fools; why don't they add phosphates to their soil if it is destitute of that important ingredient of fertility?" Look in the glass--see yourself. Look at your own pastures. they may not be as bad-they may be made bet-New York Tribune. We have frequently heard it asserted that the natural grasses of the Southern States are almost entirely destitute of phosphate of lime," but we have never seen any satisfactory proof of the fact. Will the Tribune enlighten us on the point? We do not say that it is not a fact, but if it be one; it is too important, in a scientific and practical point of view, to rest on mere assertion. With uncovered Manure. tons. cwt. lbs. 1st measurement-1 acre produced 7 6 8 of potatoes. 2d do. 1 do. do. 7 18 99 With covered Manure. tons. cwt. lbs. do. 1st measurement-1 acre produced 11 17 26 of potatoce. 1 do. do. 11 12 56 do. do. As before, As soon as possible after the potatoes were harvested, the field was cleaned, plowed and wheat drilled in, at the rate of three bushels per acre. As soon as the weather was suitable in the spring, the whole field got a dressing of 3 cwt. of Perutle difference was apparent; but shortly after the vian guano per acre. During the winter very litapplication of the guano, the wheat on that porA cow could not produce milk at all from food tion manured by the covered dung took a decided lead, which it retained all summer. The whole destitute of phosphate of lime, and the calf not only "would not grow rapidly without bone mate- field was cut on the 26th of August, 152; the rial," but it would not grow at all. On a soil des-portion manured by the uncovered dung being at titute of phosphates, no plant capable of sustain- least four days carlier than the other. ing life can grow. If it is deficient, the produce the two separate portions in each half of the field will be deficient; but the proportion of phosphates the 4th Sept., each portion was thres ed, the were measured, cut and stooked separat ly. On in the plant wil be the same. We have no proof] that, by manuring plants with phosphates, we can increase the relative proportion of phosphates in the plant, while we have abundant evidence that the reverse is frequently the case. Thus, turnips manured with superphosphate of lime. contain less phosphoric acid than those manured Produce in grain. with sulphate of ammonia; end it is certain that acre. the quanti y of phosphoric acid a plant contains 1st is no index of its comparative nutritious value. Were it so, an immatai plant would be more nutritious than one peretly elaborated, the leaves of turnips twice as nutricous as the bulbs, and bran vastly no e nourishing than fine wheaten flour; all of which, experience, inductive experiment, and common sense, pronounce erroncous.-Rural New-Yorker. These and similar experiments have satisfied Lord Kinnaird of the advantages to be derived from having farm-yard manures put under cover. They seem so conclusive and instructive on this point as to deserve to be brought before the farmNot a few of your WHEAT.--The growth of wheat in the Uniteding classes of this country. readers, we doubt not, will take measures of some States has increased wit do the last ten years, at kind to profit by them. It will require but a the rate of 48 per cent., while in the two Canadas few minutes to determine the probable profits nure. of protecting any certain amount of yard-ma-| It appears from the above results that Lord Kinnaird got about 125 bushels of wheat more from the ten acres manured with covered dung, than from the ten acres which had been manured with the uncovered. In wheat alone, then, without taking potatoes or wheat straw into account, the difference in favor of covered manures was quite considera ›le. THE BOSTON AND WORCESTER EAGLE DOUBLE PLOWS. This would seem to render it evident that manures are subjected to great loss of fertilizing power by exposure to heats and storms. The experiment here given does not note the extent of the TE superior merits of these Plows consist in exposure. VIEW OF FARMS. 1. The mode of attaching the forward mould-board to the beam, by which great strength and durability are secured, as also the various desirable changes in debt of work and relative depth of each plow, the same being regulated to any shade of nicety, with perfect facility: 2. The entire and handsome overturning of the sod furrow, by crop: the forward mould-board, to the extent of the whole width of furteeth of the harrow, cultivator, or other implement, so that it is row taken by the plow, placing it beneath, out of the way of the in no case dragged to the surface in the after cultivation of the 3. The thorough and finished work done by the rear mouldboard, in taking up its furrow of under soil and sifting or scattering it over the inverted sod, so as to entirely fill to the surface, and at the same time break open any undue cohesion of the soil, leaving the plowed land in a perfectly pulverized condition, requiring little labor with the harrow or other surface-working inuse of these instruments, as pulverizers, quite unnecessary: strument, and indeed, in all tolerably free loams, rendering the By reference to our advertising columns, it will be seen that the Committee on Farms for Middlesex County, propose to commence their aunual tour of examination about the first of September. It is their duty to examine entire farms, also meadows, orchards, cranberry meadows, forest trees, &c. &c. T competition on entire farms has not heretofore been wide enough. The committee feel confident that there are well-conducted and profitable farms in every part of the county that have not been officially examined, and upon DOUBLE PLOW, are made by the subscribers, from patterns of which no report of the mode of management has their own original invention. They invite their friends and cusever been given to the people. It is hoped that this year the applications will be more numerous. Super-Phosphate of Lime. THIS celebrated Fertilizer, where it has been fairly tested the last year, his been found equal, and in many cases superior to the best Peruvian Guano in its immediate effect, and much more permanently beneficial to the land. It is adapted to any soil in which there is a dedciency of Phosphate, which is often the case. All crops are benefited by it application. It is com posed of ground bone, decomposed by sulphuric acid, to which is added a due proportion of Peruvian Guano, Sulphate of Am monia, &e. For sale, with full directions for use, in bags of 150 pounds each. No charge for package. All bags will be branded "C. B. De Burg, No. 1 Super-Phosphate of Lime." GEO. DAVENPORT, 4. The remarkably light draught of the plow, in proportion to the amount of work and the thoroughness of pulverization acSeveral sizes of the BOSTON AND WORCESTER EAGLE complished. tomers to examine these Plows, as to чnality and durability of material, thoroughness and finish of construction, and to test their working properties. Manufactory at Worcester, and Warehouse, Quincy Hall, over the Market, Boston. April 30, 1853. RUGGLES, NOURSE, MASON & CO. Fruit and Ornamental Trees. The proprietors offer for sale an extensive assort ment of fruit and ornamental trees, comprising all the choice standard varieties, for the Garden or Orchard; also Currants, Gooseberries, Grape Vines &c. 1000 Buckthorn and Arbor Vite for Hedges. 8. & G. HYDE wtf Newton Corner, March 18, 1854. J. II. HAMMOND, ARCHITECT. HE subscriber offers his services to those about erecting new, Agent for the manufacturer, 5 Commercial, corner of Chatham Subs old, buildings. He will furnish drawings and Street, Boston. Feb 18 1854 tf* Fertilizers. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Calendar for August.. Green Corn Pudding-Rotation of Crops... About Bees-Packing Butter-The Milkman's Convention..347 Horseradish... On Making Hay. The Witch Hazel Test-Mulching-Wood Shavings. Influence of Soils on the Color of Flowers.. Trees on Farms-To Preserve Eggs.. An Ohio Novelty. Maturity of Plants... Vermont State Agricultural Society.. Farmer's Club-Remedy for Smut in Wheat.. A Shower-Lightning Rods-Haying... What Kind of Farming. Climate in Canada West... Viewing of Farms-Experiment with Potato Rot. Our Aims are too Low... Massachusetts vs. California-Agriculture in Egypt. Canker Worms-A Ray of Light..... QUINCY HALL, OVER THE MARKET, BOSTON. ...348 .354 Of PLOUGHS-we have the greatest variety of kinds and ..359 Self-sharpening, Hill Side, Sub-soil, Double Mould, Corn, Cot ..361 Cylinder Hay Cutters, Smith's Patent Lever Gate, and others ...362 Patent Corn Shellers, with and without Separators. Seed Sowere, ..363 of various sizes and prices. Batchelder's patent Corn Planter, House Painting-Coal Ashes a Remedy for Bugs on Vines...364 improved. Fanning Mills of various sizes, Horse Powers, Thresh A few Ideas About Milk-Culture of Horse Radish. Essex County. ...365 ing Machines, Thermometer Churn, Dash Churn, Corn Planters Farming in Olio-What Next?.. How to Find Water-"Blinds" on Horses.. ..367 A Lofty Cataract-A Curious Structure. .367 Use of Guano-Time for Transplanting Fruit Trees.. ..368 Chinese for Farmers or Gardeners.. ..368 ..369 .370 .371 .373 .374 Swine.. Iron Houses.. Feeding of Animals.. Harvesting Grain-Jonathan Slow.. Proper Use of Exercise--Agricultural Fairs... Farms Entire--The Proper Time of Cutting Grain. Chapter on Husbandry-Sugar in the Living Animal. A Fertilizer Almost Equal to Guano..... The Farmer's Tact in Selling. A tf. Morrill's Ditching Machine, PATENTED MAY 10, 1852. NEW, cheap, and useful implement for ditching soft land .375 Operated by two men, without the aid of horses. Applica .376 tion for machines or rights may be made to the subscriber, .377 JONATHAN W. MORRILL, Hampton Falls, N. II., or t .378 RUGGLES, NOURSE, MASON & CO., Boston. .379 Received the highest premium at the World's Fair; and more than two hundred and fifty of them have been sold within two years. The stones are French Burr; the frames and hoppers, cast iron; and the spindles, cast steel. They will work both for flouring and on all kinds of grain, and will keep in repair longer than any other mill. Having just completed my new buildings, for manufacturing and running them, I am now prepared to supply all orders for all the sizes, from twenty inches to four feet diameter, including a superior farm and plantation mill, which will grind corn in the best manner, by horse power, or even by hand. Public attention is invited to this small mill in particular. Descriptive circulars, with cuts, sent to post-paid applications. EDWARD HARRISON, Sole manufacturer, and proprietor of the Patent. New Haven, Ct. April 29, 1854. ROBERT DOW, Salisbury, Maze. tf Oyster Shell Lime. HAVE on hand, and am constantly manufacturing this ar ticle for farming purposes. It has also been extensively used during the last season for laying the walls of cellars, and stone work of a similar nature, and is found to answer this purpose equally as well as the best stone lime. After 1st March, the prices will be as follows: For less than 50 bbls....... ..50c 40c In Bulk-a large car load containing 80 bbls........30c A small car load containing 40 bbls..........35c & bb!. delivered at either depot in Boston or Charlestown. JAMES GOULD, To the Farmers of Middlesex. THE Committee on Farms, of the Middlesex Agricultural Society, hereby give notice that they will commence their view of Farms on or about the first of September. Those persons desirous of competing for the premiums, are requested to notify either of the undersigned at an early day. From a pretty thorough examination of the farms in the county in former years, the committee believe that there are very many highly worthy-an examination, and that ought to be reported upon-they there fore hope the applications will be numerous. Concord, July 22, 1854. RAYNOLDS & NOURSE, PROPRIETORS. CALENDAR FOR SEPTEMBER. FRED'K HOLBROOK,, ASSOCIATE the oaks, the poplars, the horse-chestnuts, still retain their darkest summer green; the elms and beeches are changing to a bright yellow which produces, at a distance, the effect of patches of sunshine; and the sycamores are beginning, here and there, to assume a brilliant warmth of hue, almost amounting to scarlet." But nothing W. W. FOSDICK, OF N. Y.. among us exceeds in beauty and richness, our noble forests, where the beech and birch, the white EPTEMBER, the and red maple, the elm, the ash, the walnut and first of the Au-oak, with their endless variety of colors flashing in tumnal Months, the sun, are magnificently studded with here and brings with it there a hemlock or pine or spruce towering above new aspects of them all. Less conspicuous than these, but adthe year, and mirably filling the picture, are the dog-wood, the calls up a new sassafras and blueberry, the alder, hazelnut, and class of emotions berberry, all with their ever-changing colors and in the heart, to those who love charms. nature, and find pleasure in ob- SEPTEMBER is a pleasant month in which to travserving her ways. Now, the el. The systematic farmer, whose well-matured voices of nature have materially plans up to this time have been completed, may ohanged. The lark, the bob-o-link, the swallow, now take his wife or daughter and make those sothat so lately allured us into the fields, are no cial and profitable visits which really give to life longer heard; the early morning song of the rob- a value never felt by those who have not toiled in is sadly broken, and deficient in tone and com- for their bread. In these visits-not made by the pass, while the plaintive note of the blue-bird is rail, however he may gather much from the exonly faintly heard at longer and longer intervals. perience of others, and from an observation of So new classes of insects utter their voices day and their modes of management. Every visit cannot night, and claim the season as their own. They fail to add something valuable to the common are as earnest and active in their calling, as were stock of knowledge which he possesses; give him the May-flies, the June-bugs, the beetles and bor- an idea of some new mode in plowing, planting, ers and bugs of every hue and name. harvesting, disposing of stone, erecting fences or So new aspects are presented by the vegetable buildings; or in reclaiming, or draining, or com kingdom. Where freshness, fulness and beauty posting. Each individual has a turn of mind, or lately prevailed in the flowers, the growing taste, peculiar to himself, that leads him, perplants, and shrubs and trees, age and perfection haps, to investigate and settle some question for have now marked them with the first touches of which others about him have felt no interest. So decay. "The woods and groves, those grandest we must do for him; and this makes up the sum and most striking among the general features of of human knowledge. Such visits will thus bethe country, towards the end of the month begin come profitable, as we have stated, as well as to put on their richest looks. The firs are gradu-agreeable. They will afford subjects for pleasant ally darkening towards their winter blackness; family conversations of many a winter evening, |