A Horse's Foot"-Again-Cork... .304 Protecting Peach Trees... .305 Advantages of Living on Poor Land.. .306 Book Farming a Swamp-Shall I be a Farmer?. Out-Doors at Idlewild... Effects of Clothing on the Human Skin.... Weeds in Door Yards.. Chimes for the Time-Forest Trees for Timber.. SIMON BROWN, Editor. FREDERICK HOLBROOK, HENRY F. FRENCH, Terms, $1,00 per annum in advance. Associate All subscriptions to commence with the volume, Jan. 1. The FARMER is devoted exclusively to Agriculture, Horticul.306 ture, and their kindred Arts and Sciences; making a neat vol...307 ume of 576 octavo pages, embellished with numerous engravings. .307 It may be elegantly bound in muslin, embossed and gilt, at 25 .308 cts. a volume, if left at the office of publication. .309 Also published at the same office every Saturday, on a ...309 large handsome folio sheet, the Introduction of Domestic Animals-Farmer's Garden.....310 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, (WEEKLY,) Farming-The Modern Horse Doctor..... The Mulberry and Silk Worm.. Indian Mode of Storing their Winter Supply. Double Plows-Hay Over the Cattle.. Slimy Slug-Ornamental Trees.. Winter Wheat-The Curculio.................................. Ellen Jones. .... .311 ...311 An Independent Agricultural Family Newspaper. .312 The News and Miscellaneous departments, under the charge of .312 WILLIAM SIMONDS, will include a full and careful report of .314 the news of the Markets, and the news of the week, such as Do.315 mestic, Foreign and Marine Intelligence, Congressional and Leg..316 islative proceedings, Temperance and Religious Intelligence, The Poor Man's May-Singular Case of Instinct in a Horse..319 and a general variety of Literary and Miscellaneous matter, adDemocracy of Science.. Super--Phosphate of Lime. ..337 THIS celebrated Fertilizer, where it has been fairly tested the .338 last year, has been found equal, and in many cases superior ..339 to the best Peruvian Guano in its immediate effect, and much .340 more permanently beneficial to the land. It is adapted to any ..341 soil in which there is a deficiency of Phosphate, which is often ..342 the case. All crops are benefited by its application. It is com...343 posed of ground bone, decomposed by sulphuric acid, to which is added a due proportion of Peruvian Guano, Sulphate of Am monia, &e. .305 For sale, with full directions for use, in bags of 150 pounds .321 each. No charge for package. All bags will be branded "C. B. ..337 DeBurg, No. 1 Super-Phosphate of Lime." 337 GEO. DAVENPORT, Agent for the manufacturer, 5 Commercial, corner of Chatham Street, Boston. Feb. 18, 1854. Premium Swine. Suffolks from Morton's Piggery, have taken the highest premiums, as may be seen by the published transactions of the Massachusetts State and Norfolk County Agricultural Societies. The stock now for sale is large and well assorted, embracing the pur Received the highest premium at the World' Fair; and more than two hundred and fifty of them have been sold within two years. The stones are French Burr; the frames and hoppers, cast iron; and the spindles, cast steel. They will work both for flouring and on all kinds of grain, and will keep in repair longer than any est and best blood of this unequalled breed. Pigs, properly other mill. Having just completed my new paired for breeding, $30 a pair. For prices of Boars and Sows, buildings, for manufacturing and running them, I am now pre- see catalogue, which will be sent by mail on application. Anipared to supply all orders for all the sizes, from twenty inches to mals purchased forwarded by Express or vessel from Boston, four feet diameter, including a superior farm and plantation mill. with pedigree. Orders must be accompanied by a remittance. JAMES MORTON, West Needham, or which will grind corn in the best manner, by horse power, or G. II. P. FLAGG, Boston, Mass. even by hand. Public attention is invited to this small mill in 4w particular. Descriptive circulars, with cuts, sent to post-paid applications. EDWARD HARRISON, Sole manufacturer, and proprietor of the Patent. New Haven, Ct Situated in HOLLISTON, one mile from the depot, on the Milford Branch Railroad, and centre of the town; on the main road from Holliston to Hopkinton, and near a school. Said farm contains eleven acres of excellent land, and is well supplied with Apple, Pear, Peach, Cherry and Plum trees, in bearing order; also Currants, &c. Two excellent wells of water. The buildings consist of a good two-story House, 29x40 with an L, wood-house, Shoe-maker's shop and a barn 34x41 and cellar under the same, in good repair. For particulars inquire of ADDISON WARFIELD, on the premises. July 1, 1854. NEW ENGLAND FARMER DEVOTED TO AGRICULTURE AND ITS KINDRED ARTS AND SCIENCES. RAYNOLDS & NOURSE, PROPRIETORS. OFFICE....QUINCY HALL. SIMON BROWN, EDITOR. CALENDAR FOR AUGUST. FRED'K HOLBROOK,, ASSOCIATE do but look around us and be happy." For in haying and early harvest, every body is in motion -every available hand is pressed into the service. "Hay-days" do not continue long, and they must be briskly improved. But now that the grass and rye and wheat-fields are smoothly shorn and their contents heaped in generous profusion in the bays and on the scaffolds of the barn, the farmer breathes freer, and looks upon the labors of his hands with a pride and satisfaction never equalled, unless, perhaps at the close of the grat Indian Corn Ilarvest. CLARE'S Shepherd's Calendar. UGUST, with us, is not the principal harvest month. The wheat and rye crops are gathered in July, in New England, and we believe in all the But we gather our ample harvests in a more wheat-growing States. But the matter-of-fact manner than did our ancestors.-oats, barley, peas and beans, and some We make no demonstrations of gratitude or joy. early fruits and vegetables, are harvest"They crowned the wheat sheaves with flowers, ted in August. The late meadow grass they sung, they shouted, they danced, they invitis also cut in this month, which closes ed each other, or met to feast, as at Christmas, in up the hay-harvest, with the exception of the "after- the halls of rich houses; and what was a very math," as the English call it, or, as we usually amiable custom, and wise beyond the commoner term it, the "second crop." wisdom that may seem to lie on the top of it, ev than did our ancestors, The "Mirror of the Months" likens August to ery one that had been concerned, man, woman and "that brief, but perhaps best period of human child, received a little present-ribbons, laces, or life, when the promises of youth are either ful-sweetmeats." But we are grateful, notwithstandfilled or forgotten, and the fears and forethought, ing, and read the newspapers and calculate, more connected with decline have not yet grown strong enough to make themselves felt; and consequent- But we must not linger too long in this pleas ly when we have nothing to do but look around ant field. Changes are taking place-the flowers us, and be happy." For it is in this month that are sensibly diminished, while later and hardier the year, "like a man at forty, has turned the cor- kinds appear, especially in waste places. Towards ner of its existence; but, like him, it may still the end of the month the beech tree turns yellow, fancy itself young, because it does not feel itself or the maple into crimson and purple, the first getting old. And perhaps there is no period like symptom of approaching autumn. The birds havthis, for encouraging and bringing to perfection ing reared their broods, are now in social compathat habit of tranquil enjoyment, in which all nics feeding on the perfected seeds, or those who true happiness must mainly consist; with pleasure find more congenial aliment in insect life are conit has indeed little to do; but with happiness it is gregating in larger companies, and make themeverything." selves busy in preparations for their annual miThe great pressure of the season is over, and gration south. The "swallow people" have either that is what the amiable writer whom we have gone, or have gathered upon the roof of the barn, quoted means, when he says "we have nothing to the old apple tree, the top rail of the fence, or the This corn spires, where they discuss in cheerful mood most favorable season for this operation. the year. Indeed, a little pains will give the small These are only portion of the things which it RYE AMONG CORN.-Those persons wishing to follow a crop of corn with rye, will find it a pleasant way to sow the seed on a flat hoeing and harrow both ways between the rows with a suitable implement, or rake in, which may be done rapidly. RUTA BAGAS.-Give them a dressing of ashes or superphosphate of lime just before hoeing, leaving a row occasionally without the fertilizer, that you may note the difference between them. GREEN CORN PUDDING. This is one of the numerous rural luxuries which the farmer has always the power to obtain at small expense. The following is the recipe for making it : Take of green corn, full in the milk, twelve ears, and grate it. To this add one quart of sweet milk, one-fourth of a pound of fresh butter, four be deemed necessary; stir the ingredients well eggs, well beaten, pepper and salt as much as may together, and bake in a buttered dish. Some add to the other ingredients a quarter of a pound of BUDDING.-Most persons now understand the fine sugar, and eat with sauce. It is an excellent process-we merely remind them that the time dish, cold or warm, with meat or sauce; but epicures of the most "exquisite taste" declare for has come to do it. DITCHING AND MEADOW MUD.-August usually it, we believe, and with the first service. various tracts of land where their owners have 1 year, Corn or potatoes. 2 66 Wheat or rye. 3 Clover . Or 1 66 Wheat. 2 Corn, potatoes. 3 46 Wheat, rye. 4. 66 Clover. Those who have not used meadow muck will be surprised to find what a rapacious absorbent it is. If thrown out now and left where it may drain, it will become quite light in the course of three or Or corn and potatoes may be followed by barfour months, and then may be hauled in the win-ley or peas, and then wheat. Before the crop ter at a trifing expense. of corn in all cases manure plentifully. Manure may also be applied to great advantage when the LAYING LANDS TO GRASS.-August, too, is a field is stocked to grass. ABOUT BEES. MR. EDITOR-Some two or three years ago, an acquaintance of mine gave me a receipt which he claimed as infallible against the bee moth or miller. If it is of any use, your readers "and the rest of mankind" are welcome to the knowl edge of it. I have not tested it myself, partly because I could not get the sweet flag root in my vi cinity, and partly because I do not suffer as yet, from the moth. I have buta small stock of bees, and I endeavor to keep my hives populous; then, as soon as the weather will admit, I raise the hive about a half inch or more from the bottom board, by pins in the corners. The miller then has a poor chance to deposit her eggs where the hive is full of bees. Besides this, I keep a good lookout to catch and kill all the marauders I can. That he thought that it would be better for him to sell a portion of his hay and grain, than to raise milk at the present price. Mr. D. H. Barr, o Bedford, said, That his cows (and he had tried to get the best,) would not average more then five qts., during the year, and that no man could afford to sell milk at his door short of 3 cts. for 12 months, or cents 6 months. A friend residing in Kingston, Tenn., who keeps large numbers of bees, and has excellent success, Mr. French, of Bedford, said, pursues a similar course. A pair or two of wrens That last fall he bought 6 cows, also bought have for several years much assisted him, in buildhis grain and hay, and kept an account of proing their nests close by. Especially when product, which cost him4 cents per qt., allowing for viding for their young would they visit the hives at all hours of the day, for any chance worm, or cast out larvae of the bees. shrinkage in his cows. Mr. Shattuck said that the people in the city of Concord had paid 5 cents per quart for milk But to the receipt, which follows: Take dried since last October, and that he had been informed sweet flag, pulverize it very fine, make it into a that it was contemplated to advance to 6 cents dough, well working it with strong spirits of turper quart, this fall; he was certain that for himpentine, then dry it in the sun or by a gentle if it would be better to turn his attention to heat. When well dried pulverize it again and making butter and raising pork, than to sell his again, make it into dough with spirits of turpen-milk at the door for 24 and 34, 6 months, as he had tine, this time adding a portion of common salt done. Dry it and it is ready for use, and may be kept Further remarks were made by Messrs. Jones, on hand. Strew it on the bottom board and 10, 1854. Huse, Cross, and others. After which it was voaround the hive. The miller, my informant says,ted without one dissenting voice, that the price will select it for depositing her eggs, where they of milk be raised to 3 cts. per qt. for 6 months, will stay deposited as the mixture very soon de- and 4 for 6 months, to commence Monday, July stroys their vitality. It is inoffensive to the bees, but its power over life in the embryo is so great that even hens and other eggs are made worthless for hatching by wrapping a coating of it around them for a short time. T. E. WETMORE. North Cannon, Michigan, June 26, 1854. Maine Farmer. THE MILKMAN'S CONVENTION, AT MANCHESTER, N. H. Great harmony of action prevailed through the For the New England Farmer. PACKING BUTTER. swer a private note. I will tell him what I think, and you can publish it, if you think it worth the while : MR. EDITOR:-The communication of N., of Pursuant to the notice, a meeting of the persons Randolph, Vt., reminds me of my neglect to anengaged in raising and selling milk was held at the City Hot 1, July 3d, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The Chairman stated the object of the meeting to be, to take into consideration the expediency of raising on the price of milk. Lump butter packed in strong brine, will keep . as well as when packed in tubs, in the usual way. But "butter packed in tubs, solid, as is usually done," does not keep well: Mr. J. Plumer, of Goffstown, said, That he usually kept 20 cows and sold his milk in Manchester, at 4 cents per qt., but at the price If kept long in brine, it will suffer materially in of cows, keeping, &c., he had come to the conclu-color upon the surface, and if put in packages of sion to abandon the business if the price was not increased, more then one or two tiers of lumps, they would get badly jamed before reaching market, and in either case would have to be re-worked before ofMr. Stevens, of Goffstown, said, That he kept 20 cows and sold his milk in Man-fered for sale, or suffer materially in price. N. chester. He said when cows could be bought for would not like to trust commission merchants to $25, a piece, hay 10 or 12 dollars a ton, and corn "work over" his butter; nor would he send his four shillings a bushel, farmers could make money dairy maid; for though the visit might please her, she would prefer to do the work at home in her in raising and carry it to market for 4 cents a qu.; but now cows had advanced to 40 and 45 dollars, own nice, clean sanctum. hay gone up to 20 and 25 a ton, coin a dollar and & quarter a bushel, he could not make it a paying to Boston, when new and sweet; but I do not business, and should stop if the price did not rise. Mr. Swallow, of Nashua, said, In very cool weather, lump butter may be sent think would bring more than if solid packed in tube, deducting the expense of extra freight and care. For new made, or perfectly sweet butter, It has not yet been accurately determined by solid, packed in tubs, may be made into "lumps," experiment how much saline matter must neces after it reaches market, by the use of butter moulds, sarily be excreted every day from the body of a without being re-worked. And I think that four- healthy man, or in what proportions the different fifths of all the lump butter sold in Boston and other inorganic substances are present in what is exlarge northern cities, is so made from tub butter. creted; but it is satisfactorily ascertained, that Groton, July 3, 1854. FEEDING ANIMALS. W. without a certain sufficient supply of all of them, the animal will languish and decay, even though carbon and nitrogen, in the form of starch and gluten, be abundantly given to it. It is a wise THE FOOD MUST SUPPLY THE SALINE AND EARTHY and beautiful provision of nature, therefore, that MATTERS CONTAINED IN AND DAILY REJECTED BY THE BODY. plants are so organized as to refuse to grow in a soil from which they cannot readily obtain an The full-grown animal daily rejects a quantity adequate supply of soluble inorganic food,of saline and earthy matter withdrawn from its since that saline matter, which ministers first to wasting tissues; while the growing animal ap- their own wants, is afterwards surrendered by propriates also every day an additional portion in them to the animals they are destined to feed. the formation of its increasing parts. The food Thus, the dead earth and the living animal are must yield all this, or the functions will be im- but parts of the same system,-links in the same perfectly performed. endless chain of natural existences. The plant is 1. The flesh, the blood, and the other fluids of the connecting bond by which they are tied tothe body contain much saline matter of various gether on the one hand, the decaying animal kinds-sulphates, muriates, phosphates, and other matter, which returns to the soil, connects them saline compounds of potash, soda, lime, and mag- on the other. nesia. The dry muscle and blood of the ox leave, when burned, about 44 per cent. of saline matter or ash. The composition of this saline matter is represented in the following: Phosphate of soda, (tribasic,) Blood. 6 12 Sulphate of soda, 3.85 Phosphate of magnesia, 4.19 Oxide, with a little phosphate of iron, 8.28 1.45 100 Flesh. 45.94 trace. 6.84 3. The bones of the animal are supplied with their mineral matter from the same original source, the vegetable on which they live. The dried bones of the cow contain 55 per cent. of phosphate of lime with a little phosphate of magnesia, those of the sheep 70, of the horse 67, of the calf 54, and of the pig 52 lbs. of these phosphates in every hundred of dry bone. All this must come from the vegetable food. Of this bone-earth, also, a portion-varying in quantity with the health, the food, and the age of the animal-is every day reAll these saline substances have their special jected. The food, therefore, must contain a daily functions to perform in the animal economy, and supply, or that which passes off will be taken from of each of them an undetermined quantity daily the substance of the living bones, and the animal escapes from the body in the perspiration, in the will become feeble. 97,88 urine, or in the solid excretions. This quantity,| The importance of this bone-earth will be more therefore, must be daily restored by the food. apparent if we consider,-First, that in animals 2. It is interesting to remark how the mineral the bones form not only a very important but a matter differs in kind in the different parts of the very large part of their bodies. The body of a body. Thus, blood contains much soda and lit- full-grown man contains 9 to 12 lbs. of clean dry tle potash-the former in the serum, the latter in bone, yielding from 6 to 8 lbs. of bone-earth. In the globules-the cartilages much soda and no the horse and sheep the fresh moist bone has been potash, and the muscles much potash and little estimated at one-eighth of the live, or in the sheep soda. So phosphate of lime is the earth of bones, to one-fifth of the dead weight, and to one-third and phosphate of magnesia the earth of the mus- of the weight of the flesh. Second, that in a cles. So also the presence of fluorine character-growing sheep the increase of bone-earth amounts ises the bones and teeth, and that of silica, the to about 3 per cent. of the whole increase in the horny parts, hairs and feathers of animals-while live weight. And-Third, that every hundred an abundance of iron distinguishes the blood and pounds weight indicates 5 or 6 of phosphate of the hair. lime. The distinction now noticed between the blood] It is kindly provided by nature, therefore, that and the muscle is not brought clearly out by the a certain proportion of this ingredient of bones is analysis above given of the comparative composi- always associated with the gluten of plants in its tion of the saline matter of each. It is seen more various forms,-with the fibrin of animal muscle clearly in the following comparison :-- |