§ 51.434 Good characteristic color. "Good characteristic color" means that the stem and external portion of the head has a light green or darker shade of green color, except that purplish color shall also be allowed on the external portion of the head. "Compact § 51.435 Compact head. head" means that the individual head is closely formed, not open or spread to the extent that it has a loose appearance, and that the individual florets are fairly tightly formed and not more than moderately elongated. § 51.436 Cull material. "Cull material" means all foreign material, any portion of the stem in excess of the maximum length specified, all stalks under the minimum length specified for the U. S. No. 2 grade, and all coarse, damaged and discolored leaves, and leaves extending more than one and one-half inches above the top of the head. § 51.437 Damage. "Damage" means any defect which more than slightly affects the appearance, or the processing or edible quality of the head, or any portion of the stem within 5 inches from the top of the head. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage: (a) Discoloration, when more thau very slight, or which will not change to light green or darker shade of green color in the ordinary process of blanching. (b) Freezing, when causing more than slight discoloration of the individual unit. (c) Hollow stem or pithiness, when discolored, or when more than slightly affecting the appearance of the individual unit. (d) Scars, when discolored, or when more than slight or superficial. (e) Dirt or other foreign material, when more than slight, or which cannot be removed in the ordinary washing process. (f) Disease, when showing discoloration, or when more than slightly affecting the appearance, or the processing or edible quality. (g) Insects, when worms or worm frass are present, or when there is more than slight infestation by other insects. § 51.438 Diameter. "Diameter" means the greatest thickness of the stem measured at a point 6 inches from the top of the head, except that stems which are less than 6 inches in length shall be measured at the base of the stem. § 51.439 Fairly compact head. “Fairly compact head" means that the individual head is fairly closely formed and not excessively spread and that the florets are not on the verge of opening and will not open in the ordinary process of blanching. § 51.440 Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any defect which materially affects the appearance, or the processing or edible quality of the head, or any portion of the stem within 5 inches from the top of the head. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage: (a) Discoloration, when the appearance of the individual unit is materially affected. (b) Freezing, when causing discoloration which materially affects the appearance of the individual unit. (c) Hollow stem or pithiness, when discolored, or when materially affecting the appearance of the individual unit. Units which show a ragged appearance or deep holes shall be considered as serious damage. SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR CABBAGE SOURCE: §§ 51.450 to 51.464 appear at 18 F. R. 7084, Nov. 11, 1953. GRADES § 51.450 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 shall consist of heads of cabbage of one variety or similar varietal characteristics, which are of reasonable solidity, and are not withered, puffy, or burst and which are free from soft rot, seedstems, and from damage caused by discoloration, freezing, disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Stems shall be cut so that they do not extend more than one-half inch beyond the point of attachment of the outermost leaves. (a) Unless otherwise specified, each head shall be well trimmed. However, cabbage which has fairly good green color and is specified as "U. S. No. 1 Green," and red cabbage which is specified as "U. S. No. 1 New Red" need be only fairly well trimmed. (b) In order to allow for variations, other than excess number of wrapper leaves, incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by weight, of the heads in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, but not more than onefifth of this amount, or 2 percent, shall be allowed for soft decay. In addition, not more than 10 percent, by weight, may not meet the requirements as to number of wrapper leaves. (See § 51.454.) § 51.451 U. S. Commercial. U. S. Commercial shall consist of heads of cabbage which meet the requirements for U. S. No. 1 grade except for the increased tolerance for defects specified below, and except that the heads shall be reasonably firm. (a) Unless otherwise specified, each head shall be well trimmed. However, cabbage which has fairly good green color and is specified as "U. S. Commercial Green," and red cabbage which is specified as "U. S. Commercial New Red" need be only fairly well trimmed. (b) In order to allow for variations, other than excess number of wrapper leaves, incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 25 percent, by weight, of the heads in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, but not more than two-fifths of this amount, or a total of 10 percent, shall be allowed for defects causing serious damage, but not more than 2 percent shall be allowed for soft decay. In addition, not more than 10 percent, by weight, may not meet the requirements as to number of wrapper leaves. (See § 51.454.) (a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not more than a total of 15 percent, by weight, of the heads in any lot may vary from the size specifications, but not more than 10 percent may be either above or below the size specified. This tolerance is in addition to the tolerance for grade defects. (See § 51.454.) APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES § 51.454 Application of tolerances. The contents of individual containers in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations, provided the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified: (a) When a tolerance is 10 percent or more, individual containers in any lot shall have not more than one and onehalf times the tolerance specified, except that at least one defective and one offsized cabbage may be permitted in a container. (b) When a tolerance is less than 10 percent individual containers in any lot shall have not more than double the tolerance specified, except that at least one defective and one off-sized cabbage may be permitted in a container. DEFINITIONS § 51.455 Similar varietal characteristics. "Similar varietal characteristics" means that the cabbage in each container shall have the same general characteristics. § 51.456 Reasonable solidity. "Reasonable solidity" means fairly firm for pointed type cabbage and southern Domestic type cabbage. Northern Domestic type cabbage and Danish or Hollander type cabbage shall be firm. "Reasonable solidity" as applied to Savoy cabbage means not soft or puffy; Savoy type cabbage is characteristically loosely formed and rather light in weight. § 51.457 Puffy. "Puffy" means that the heads are very light in weight in comparison to size, or have excessive air spaces in the central portion. They normally feel firm at time of harvesting but often soften quickly. They are known as "Balloon Heads" in certain sections. § 51.458 Seedstems. "Seedstems" means those heads which have seed stalks showing or in which the formation of seed stalks has plainly begun. § 51.459 Damage. "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality. Worm injury on the outer head leaves or wrapper leaves which materially affects the appearance of the head or worm holes which extend deeply into the compact portion of the head shall be considered as damage. § 51.460 Well trimmed. "Well trimmed" means that the head shall not have more than four wrapper leaves. § 51.461 Fairly well trimmed. "Fairly well trimmed" means that the head shall not have more than seven wrapper leaves. § 51.462 Wrapper leaves. "Wrapper leaves" means leaves which do not enfold the head fairly tightly more than two-thirds the distance from the base to the top. § 51.463 Reasonably firm. "Reasonably firm" means that the head is not soft and is of reasonable weight for its size but may have considerable open spaces between the leaves in the lower portion of the head. § 51.464 Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any injury or defect which seriously affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality. Cabbage which is affected by soft rot or which is seriously puffy, badly burst, or seriously injured by seedstems, discoloration, freezing, disease, insects, mechanical or other means shall be considered as seriously damaged. Worm injury on the outer head leaves or wrapper leaves which seriously affects the appearance of the heads, or worm holes which seriously affect the compact portion of the head shall be regarded as serious damage. SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR CANTALOUPS SOURCE: §§ 51.475 to 51.485 appear at 18 F. R. 7084, Nov. 11, 1953. GRADES § 51.475 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 shall consist of cantaloups of one type which are well formed, well netted, mature but not overripe, soft, or wilted; and which are free from sunscald and decay, and free from damage caused by aphis honey dew, bruises, cracks, loose seeds, dirt, hail, insects, scars, sunburn, or mechanical or other means. (a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by count, of the cantaloups in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, but not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for defects causing serious damage, including not more than 1 percent for cantaloups affected by soft rot. § 51.476 U. S. Commercial. U. S. Commercial shall consist of cantaloups which meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade except that the cantaloups need be only fairly well netted and except for the increased tolerance for defects specified below: (a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 20 percent, by count, of the cantaloups, in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade, but not more than one-fourth of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for defects causing serious damage, including not more than 1 percent for cantaloups affected by soft rot. UNCLASSIFIED § 51.477 Unclassified. Unclassified shall consist of cantaloups which have not been classified in accordance with either of the foregoing grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot. APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES § 51.478 Application of tolerances to individual packages. (a) The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations, provided the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade: (1) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any lot may contain not more than one and onehalf times the tolerance specified, except that when the package contains 15 specimens or less, individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance specified. (2) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in any lot many contain not more than double the tolerance specified, provided at least one specimen which does not meet the requirements shall be allowed in any one package. DEFINITIONS § 51.479 One type. "One type" means that the cantaloups in any container are similar in shape and color of flesh. § 51.480 Well formed. "Well formed" means that the cantaloup has the shape characteristic of the variety. § 51.481 Well netted. "Well netted” means that the cantaloup has good netting characteristic of the variety. § 51.482 Mature. "Mature" means that the cantaloup has reached the stage of maturity which will insure the proper completion of the normal ripening process. § 51.483 Damage. "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance, or edible or shipping quality of the cantaloup. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect shall be considered as damage: (a) Aphis honey dew, when more than slightly sticky, or when showing discoloration which more than slightly affects the appearance of the cantaloup. (b) Cracks or wounds, when unhealed or deep, or when materially affecting the appearance of the cantaloup. Slight healed cracks around the ends or in the sutures of the cantaloup shall not be considered as damage. (c) Hail injury, when unhealed or deep, or when materially affecting the appearance of the cantaloup. (d) Scars which are healed, shallow, smooth and light colored and aggregate more than 11⁄2 inches in diameter. Healed scars which are deep, rough or dark colored are considered as damage if their appearance is more objectionable than the amount of healed, shallow, smooth and light colored scars permitted. (e) Sunburn, when the appearance of the cantaloup is materially affected by dark yellow or brownish discoloration, or when it causes the rind to be flattened, thin or hard. "Serious § 51.484 Serious damage. damage" means any injury or defect which seriously affects the appearance, or edible or shipping quality of the cantaloup. Cantaloups which are overripe, wilted, immature or have unhealed cracks shall be considered as being seriously damaged. § 51.485 Fairly well netted. "Fairly well netted" means that the cantaloup has fairly good netting characteristic of the variety. SUBPART-UNITED STATES CONSUMER STAND- STYLES § 51.495 Bunched carrots. "Bunched carrots" means untopped carrots which are tied in bunches. § 51.496 Carrots with short-trimmed tops. "Carrots with short-trimmed tops" means carrots which have attached leafstems ranging up to 4 inches in length. § 51.497 Topped carrots. "Topped carrots" means carrots which have practically all of the tops clipped off. GRADES § 51.498 U. S. Grade A. U. S. Grade A consists of carrots of similar varietal characteristics the roots of which are firm, clean, fairly well colored, fairly smooth, well formed; which are free from soft rot, and from damage caused by freezing, growth cracks, sunburn, pithiness, woodiness, internal discloration, oil spray, dry rot, other disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Bunched carrots or carrots with short-trimmed tops shall have tops or leafstems, respectively, which are fresh and free from decay and free from damage caused by freezing, seedstems, yellowing or other discoloration, disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Tops of bunched carrots may be full length or clipped back but shall be not less than 12 inches nor more than 20 inches in length. Each bunch shall weigh not less than one pound, including the tops, and contain at least 4 carrots. Topped carrots shall be free from secondary new top growth and shall be well trimmed. All styles of carrots on the shown face shall be reasonably representative in size and quality of the contents of the container. (a) Size. Unless otherwise specified, the diameter of each carrot shall be not less than three-fourths inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches, and the length shall be not less than 5 inches. (b) Tolerances. Incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted: (1) For defects of roots. Five percent, by count, for carrot roots in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, other than for size, including therein not more than 1 percent for carrot roots affected by soft rot; (2) For defects of tops of bunched carrots. Ten percent, by count, for bunches in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 5 percent for decay; (3) For defects of leafstems of carrots with short-trimmed tops. Ten percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 5 percent for decay; (4) For off-size carrot roots. Five percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which are smaller than the specified minimum diameter, 10 percent, by count, for carrots which are larger than the specified maximum diameter, and 5 percent, by count, for carrots which are shorter than the specified minimum length; (5) For off-length tops of bunched carrots. Ten percent, by count, for bunches in any lot which fail to meet the specified minimum or maximum length; and, (6) For excess length of leafstems of carrots with short-trimmed tops. Five percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which have leafstems in excess of the specified length. § 51.499 U. S. Grade B. U. S. Grade B consists of carrots which meet the requirements of U. S. Grade A except for the increased tolerance for defects of the roots specified below: (a) Tolerances. Incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted: (1) For defects of roots. Twenty percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade other than for size: Provided, That not more than one-half of this amount, or 10 percent, shall be allowed for defects causing serious damage, including therein not more than 1 percent for carrot roots affected by soft rot; (2) For defects of tops of bunched carrots. Ten percent, by count, for bunches in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 5 percent for decay; (3) For defects of leafstems of carrots with short-trimmed tops. Ten percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 5 percent for decay; (4) For off-size carrot roots. Five percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which are smaller than the specified minimum diameter, 10 percent, by count, for carrots which are larger than the specified maximum diameter, and 5 percent, by count, for carrots which are shorter than the specified minimum length; (5) For off-length tops of bunched carrots. Ten percent, by count, for bunches in any lot which fail to meet the specified minimum or maximum length; and, (6) For excess length of leafstems of carrots with short-trimmed tops. Five percent, by count, for carrots in any lot which have leafstems in excess of the specified length. |