The struggle for South America; economy and ideology. By J. F. Normano. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931. 294 p. 8o.

Vida, causas y efectos de la evolución artística argentina. Los últimos 30 años. Por Carlos P. Ripamonte. Buenos Aires, M. Gleizer, editor, 1930.

249 p. 8o.

Fábulas. 2a ed. Por Luis Andrés Zúñiga. Tegucigalpa, Tipografía Nacional, 1931. 204 p. 12o.

Respuesta a las piedras: poesía. Por Luis Barrios Cruz. Caracas, Editorial "Elite" [1931]. 173 p. 8o.

Les résultats de la première conférence de codification du droit international; communication à l'Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (séance du 15 novembre 1930). Par Alejandro Álvarez. París, Librairie Félix Alcan, 1931. 36 p. 8°.

La codification du droit international; exposé des motifs et projet de déclaration sur les données fondamentales et les grands principes du droit international de l'avenir présenté à l'Institut de Droit International, à l'International Law Association, à l'Union Juridique Internationale et à l'Académie Diplomatique Internationale. Par Alejandro Álvarez. París, Les Éditions Internationales, 1931.

60 p.

8o.

By Guillermo Rivera. 8o.

A tentative bibliography of the belles-lettres of Porto Rico. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1931. 61 p. Principios de régimen municipal. Por Rafael Bielsa. Lajouane & Cía., editores, 1930.

231 p. 89.

Buenos Aires, J.

Como se conta a historia de Colombo, de Cabral, da América e do Brasil. J. M. Monteiro. Rio de Janeiro, Typ. da "Medicamenta," 1931.

Por

146 p. 8o.

Por José Cipriano de la Luz y 12o. (Colección de libros

José de la Luz y Caballero como educador. Caballero. Habana, Cultural, S. A., 1931. 310 p. cubanos. Director: Fernando Ortiz. Vol. XXVII.) Paraguay, its cultural heritage, social conditions, and educational problems. By Arthur Elwood Elliott. New York, Teachers College, Columbia University, Bureau of Publications, 1931. 210 p. plates. 8°.

Por Juan A. González Calderón. 320 p. 8o.

Historia de la organización constitucional. Buenos Aires, A. Lajouane & Cía., editores, 1930. Antología de la poesía femenina argentina, con referencias biográficas y bibliográficas. Seleccionada y ordenada por José Carlos Maubé y Adolfo Capdevielle (h.). Prólogo de Rosa Bazán de Cámara. Carátula y ex-libris de Sara Capdevielle. Buenos Aires, Impresores Ferrari Hnos., 1930. 509 p. 8o. Del tiempo de ñaupa (folklore norteño). Por Rafael Cano. Buenos Aires, Talleres Gráficos Argentinos L. J. Rosso, 1930. Zoraya, una vida de amor y santidad. Por Sociedad Editora de Obras Nacionales, 1931.

8o.

475 p. Daniel Samper Ortega. Bogotá, 303 p. 8o.

During the past month the library has received the following magazines for the first time:

Agricultor Moderno (Revista de Agricultura, Pecuaria e Avicultura), Rua Barão de Itapetininga, 18, São Paulo, Brazil. (M.) Anno 1, No. 1, maio 1931. 46 p. illus. 71⁄2 x 101⁄2 inches.

Nosotras (panorama feminista internacional), Valparaiso, Chile, Casilla 3357. Año 1, No. 1, agosto, 1931. (M.) 8 p. illus. 101⁄2 x 1434 inches.

Revista del Museo Nacional de Guatemala (Sección de Arqueología), Guatemala. No. 1, 1931. illus. 634 x 104 inches.

16 p.

Boletín de la Sociedad Bolivariana de Panamá, Imprenta Nacional, Panamá. (Trimestral.) Año 1, No. 1, octubre de 1931. 111 p. 6 x 9 inches.

Boletín de la Biblioteca de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito. (Q.) [Vol. 1], No. 1, enero-marzo de 1931. 69 p. 7 x 101⁄2 inches. Boletín de Estadística y Jurisprudencia (Prefectura General de Policia), Imprenta y Encuadernación de la Policía, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Trimestral.) Año 18, No. 73, primer trimestre de 1931. 7 x 101⁄2 inches. The Mexico City Post, México, D. F. 1931. 8 p. illus. 18 x 22 inches.

(W.) Vol. 1, No. 1, November 14,

Ageus (Revista de Ciencias y Arte), San Salvador, El Salvador (órgano oficial de la Asociación General de Estudiantes Universitarios Salvadoreños). (Bi-mo.) Año 1. No. 2, septiembre-octubre, 1931. 58 p. illus. 91⁄2 x 13 inches.

Cultura Colombiana, Luis Enrique Osorio, Director, Apartado 852, Bogotá, Colombia. (W.) [Vol. 1], agosto 6 de 1931. 8 p. illus. 134 x 20 inches.

Revista de Educación (Dirección de Educación Pública de Nariño), Pasto, Colombia. Año 1. Nos. 1-3, marzo de 1931. (Bi-mo.) 88 p. 61⁄2 x 91⁄2 inches. Cuadernos de Economía (mensuario de cuestiones sociales, económicas, financieras, estadísticas), San Salvador, Salvador. Vol. 1, No. 1, octubre de 1931. 16 p. 10 x 144 inches.

Revista Textil (Textil Zeitschrift-Textil Magazine), São Paulo (M.) [Spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing.] Anno 8, No. 1, September, 1931. 78 p. illus. 9 x 12 inches.

Ariel (publicado por la Confederación de Profesores de Chile), Casilla 4542, Santiago, Chile. (Quincenal.) Año 1, No. 1, 15 de octubre de 1931. 8 p. illus. 11 x 15 inches.

Boletín General de Estadística (órgano trimestral de la Dirección General del Ramo). Quito, Ministerio de Gobierno y Estadística. Año 1, No. 1, mayo de 1931. 80 p. 9 x 13 inches.

El Constructor (órgano mensual de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios), Apartado 936, Panamá. Año 1, No. 3, noviembre de 1931. 36 p. illus. 84 x 111⁄2 inches. Revista del Ejército, Marina y Aeronáutica (órgano del Ministerio de Guerra y Marina), Caracas, Venezuela. Año 1, No. 4, 31 de octubre de 1931. 109 p. illus. 6 x 9 inches.

Heraldo Comercial (bajo el patrocinio de la "Federación del Comercio," Carrera 7a, No. 337, Bogotá, Colombia, Año 1, No. 1, 10 de noviembre de 1931. (Revista quincenal ilustrada.) 32 p. illus. 92 x 12 inches.

PAN AMERICAN PROGRESS

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The present economic situation has made all the nations of the world more conscious of the importance of commercial factors in international relations.

Indicative of this tendency are two conventions subscribed to by CHILE and PERU in Lima on June 18, 1931, whereby natural fertilizers and fresh fruits from either country are exempt from Government and municipal levies and from import duties, respectively, in the other.

Significant, too, is the executive agreement between CHILE and the UNITED STATES, signed on September 28, 1931, under which the two countries agree to accord to the commerce of each other unconditional most-favored-nation treatment: The United States will extend to the commerce of Chile the same advantages (customs duties and other fiscal imposts, as well as import licenses and other measures) which it gives to any other country, with the exception of the special treatment accorded to its own outlying possessions, to Cuba, and to the Panama Canal Zone. Reciprocally, Chile concedes to the commerce of the United States most-favored-nation treatment, including the reduced tariffs applied to French merchandise by virtue of the modus vivendi of May 22, 1931, between Chile and France. The agreement, which may be terminated by either country on 15 days' notice, presupposes the willingness of the two Governments to enter into a commercial treaty at an appropriate time in the future. Chile and the United States have had no such treaty since 1850, when the Convention of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation concluded between the two countries in 1832 was terminated by the Government of Chile.

At a meeting of the Governing Board of the American Institute of International Law, held in Washington, October 29-31, 1931, Miss Doris Stevens, chairman of the Inter-American Commission of Women, and Prof. Jesse S. Reeves, of the University of Michigan, a member of the Pan American Commission of Jurists for the Codification of International Law, were nominated for membership in the institute to fill the vacancies caused by the election of the Hon. Elihu Root to the honorary presidency of the institute and the death of former Secretary of State Robert Lansing.

The American Institute of International Law, organized October 12, 1912, and inaugurated December 29, 1915, during the second Pan

American Scientific Congress, was founded to coordinate, through a central organization in Washington and cooperating associations in all the American Republics, the efforts of American jurists and publicists for the development and codification of international law and the generalization of its principles. Each Republic of America has an affiliated society which appoints the national members of the institute. In BOLIVIA, for example, it is the Bolivian Society of International Law, which met on September 21, 1931, and elected Señores Daniel Sánchez Bustamante, Claudio Pinilla, Alberto Gutiérrez, Julio Gutiérrez, and David Alvéstegui as the representatives of that country.

The names of Miss Stevens and Professor Reeves will be presented to the institute for election at the next meeting in Buenos Aires just prior to the Seventh International Conference of American States, to be held in Montevideo in December, 1931. A committee was appointed by the governing board to represent the institute during the conference and furnish any information or advice for which it may be asked; its members are Dr. Alejandro Álvarez, Chile; Dr. Luis Anderson, Costa Rica; Dr. Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirvén, Cuba; Dr. Víctor M. Maúrtua, Peru; and Dr. James Brown Scott and Miss Doris Stevens, United States.

The Pan American Union has received word from the Mexican Government that the meeting of the Seventh American Scientific Congress has been postponed from February, 1932, until November, 1933. This decision was reached because of present world conditions, which make it impossible for many nations to send special representatives to the sessions.

AGRICULTURE

One of the most important factors in the development of national resources is that of adequately financing both large and small scale agricultural activities. Of the 21 nations members of the Pan American Union, many, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, and Venezuela, have established by law national banks for that especial purpose, and others have private or cooperative organizations which include agricultural financing of some sort among their functions.

The newest national agricultural bank is that of PERU, established by decree law No. 7273 issued by the National Council of Government. on August 16, 1931. It was created to give to national agriculture the long-term financial assistance which private banks were inherently unable to offer. Its authorized capital is 20,000,000 soles gold, a sum which may be increased by the directors with the consent of the Government. Of this amount the Government will supply 5,000,000 soles in cash and 10,000,000 soles in Class C securities of the Central

Reserve Bank (see BULLETIN for December, 1931, p. 1268), and the remaining 5,000,000 soles will be issued in 8 per cent bonds to the public. The chief functions of the bank are to arrange for farmers and cattle raisers loans whose security shall be crops, stock, and equipment, and to issue agricultural bonds, although it is also authorized to carry on such other general banking operations as buying and selling drafts and checks payable abroad and dealing in futures, whenever such actions may be necessary to protect the bank and its clients or to further their interests. The loans to farmers and cattle raisers may include not only the money necessary for preparing the soil, sowing, and harvesting the crop, but also a sufficient amount for the subsistence of a man and his family, rental if he does not own the land he cultivates, assessments and taxes, and insurance. Only in exceptional cases will loans be issued for more than 50 per cent of the estimated value of the crops or stock. The bank may, if the directors deem it wise, require that additional security be pledged, in the form of chattel or real estate mortgages. The terms on which advance loans may be made vary in length; for crops, the maximum period is two years; for livestock, five years; and for equipment, three years.

The value to a country of providing such banking facilities may be seen from the following quotation, taken from the introduction to the third annual report of the board of directors of the Agricultural and Stock Raising Bank of VENEZUELA for the fiscal year July 1, 1930– June 30, 1931:

It may safely be said that there is no corner of the country devoted to our fundamental industries where it (the bank) has not penetrated with its loans to stimulate and sustain those who have dedicated themselves to such activities. Our workers have seen that the Republic is concerned for their well-being: many have had the radius of their activities increased and new and profitable possibilities opened to them; others have found release from burdensome interest charges and the possible tragedy of losing their property at the expiration of a given period, prospects which made their work discouraging and futile; and many have been literally saved from ruin.

But our laborers are not the only ones benefited by the bank, for its influence extends directly or indirectly to other groups: to the national treasury, which receives twice a year interest on 50,000,000 bolívares, and has seen its income from stamp and registry taxes increase by the putting into circulation of 51,592,700 bolívares; to the treasuries of the individual States, whose income from stamped paper has been proportionately increased; to business in general, which has been stimulated in every department; to the entire country, in a word, which has increased in wealth and found in these loans a remedy for the present world crisis.

. . . The bank has taken favorable action on 1,086 requests for credit, granting loans totaling 51,592,700 bolívares (this amount includes loans from the capital supplied by the nation, from amortization payments, and from repayment of some loans in full), for its original capital of 30,000,000 bolívares was increased in 1929 to 50,000,000 bolívares. . . . Of the total amount granted in loans, 40,606,700 bolívares were loaned to farmers and 10,986,000 bolívares to stockraisers. . . . The bank has on hand at present 1,777,000 bolívares with which