is in accord with the rhythm of our aspirations, interests, and the necessities of our social existence. In this manner, the production has been created and developed around its central theme with entire abandon. The need for unity makes it necessary that the dance, painting, and form of the scenery definitely express the music of H. P. in plastic form. The music of H. P., however, can exist successfully without dance or scenery. It can be played in the midst. of any multitude and that is as it should be, as it is made up of the music of our people."

Courtesy of Harry Hewes

"SUGAR CANE"

"H. P. is a symphony of music that is in the very air and atmosphere of our continent," said Señor Chávez in his program note, "music that is heard on all sides, a sort of review of the epoch in which we live. It contains expressions that are natural to our daily life, without attempting to select the 'artistic.' Latin American and Anglo-American culture are giving this continent. its own personality and savor. Groups of people of diverse characters and regions, North and South, mingle constantly in the grand ferment of this, our American Continent. That which the present moment has of strife and creativeness, that which in reality lives in the very air which we breathe, is what is contained in H. P. Indian tunes and dances will be found in my music not as

a constructive base, but because all the conditions of their composition, form, sonority, etc., by nature coincide with those in my own mind, inasmuch as both are products of the same origin."

Mrs. William C. Hammer, the only woman to-day to fill the post of general director of a major opera company, had general supervision over the ballet production. Having searched Europe for three years for new operas and worthy ballets, she is turning her attention. to Latin America this year, and entertains plans for visiting the great opera houses of the South American cities during the coming summer, when the winter season of the Southern Hemisphere is at its height.

THE JUNIOR RED CROSS IN PERU

By DR. ANTONIO AYLLÓN PASTOR

Founder and Director of the Peruvian Junior Red Cross; Head of the Public Health Department, Boys' Vocational School, Lima

THEN the Sixth Pan American Scientific Congress met in Lima, the capital of Peru, the organization of a Junior Red Cross in that country was suggested as a means of educating children in health, civic duties, and world peace. Although the idea was first broached by the delegation of the United States, chief credit for securing favorable action by the Peruvian Government belongs to Dr. Pedro Lautaro Ferrer, the delegate and enthusiastic Director General of the Chilean Junior Red Cross.

Every year we teachers of the Vocational School for Boys in Lima are accustomed to assemble at the call of the principal during the last days of vacation for an interchange of ideas with regard to the innovations which should be made during the next school year. In 1931 we agreed to change our methods of teaching to those of the so-called 'new" schools, and the daily programs were therefore arranged with special interest. As teacher of hygiene, I could not fail to be particularly interested in this transformation, and it was then that the idea of making the Junior Red Cross an effective factor in our school came to the fore. Although for the six years during which I had held my present position I had tried to make my teaching as practical as possible, I had never obtained the surprising results which I have achieved in the course of a few months, not only with regard to health, but also with regard to the rest of the Junior Red Cross plan. Furthermore, I am sure that our work will eventually strengthen the adult Red Cross.

It took two months of work to start the first unit in proper form. It was not only necessary to make certain preparations before we could embark on our task, but also to train our staff. It was therefore the first of June, 1931, when the work was begun, with sections for first aid, hygiene, correspondence, and the medical attention which the author himself gives. At that time we did not imagine that our work was going to grow at an almost phenomenal rate. It was the interest of the pupils which caused our activities to be extended and new sections to be created; therefore we feel that notwithstanding such difficulties as are encountered at the outset of any enterprise, much has really been accomplished. At present there are eight sections: (1) First aid, (2) medical, (3) hygiene and public health, (4) school

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Group of members of the first unit of the Peruvian Junior Red Cross, with Dr. Antonio Ayllón, its director, and Señor Cecilio Garrido, principal of the Boys' Vocational School, Lima.

supplies, (5) library, (6) barber shop, (7) correspondence, and (8) publicity.

The first-aid section gives assistance to those meeting with accidents. Boys belonging to it are trained so that they can pass a test and become cadets of the Junior Red Cross. The section is equipped for service not only in individual cases but also in accidents involving several persons.

The medical division gives a thorough physical examination to all students registered in the school. Physical measurements, other data, and the illnesses which a student has during his school life are noted. on his record, and appropriate suggestions are made to parents. Later it is hoped to supplement the physical examination with mental tests and an outline for suitable corrective exercises and sports. Medical attention is also given to students needing it, the medicines prescribed being obtained from pharmacies which give a 10 to 20 per cent discount. Teachers are also advised as to ways in which they can cooperate. The Junior Red Cross cadets assist wherever possible, thus acquiring valuable training and lightening the work. They know how to take all the data not needing technical knowledge, such as weight, height, and chest measurement. They have also been taught to make home visits for the purpose of securing information as to housing conditions, standards of living, and family environment.

The morning inspection of all pupils as to their personal hygiene is in charge of the members of the hygiene and health section. This does not end their work, for they are expected to secure observation of the rules of hygiene from any boys who have been remiss. For this purpose necessary supplies, such as soap, toothbrushes, and wash cloths, are kept in the Bureau of Supplies. This bureau likewise sells such articles to students at a lower price than that charged by the stores, letting them purchase on the installment plan. The bureau is largely patronized and is run by a cadet who acts as manager and is assisted by various other students.

The students themselves have full responsibility in this section and have obtained excellent results, so that now practically every boy arrives at school spick and span. We have therefore achieved a practical teaching of hygiene which surely will not be forgotten by our pupils for the rest of their lives.

This same section has established the hygiene merit stripe, which is very much coveted. It is awarded weekly to the students of the class which has best observed the rules of hygiene. Charts giving hygiene statistics have been an excellent stimulus.

A health week was recently observed. During this period teachers of all the courses throughout the school cooperated by giving talks on the aspects of their work which had to do with health. Now we are organizing a series of lectures for teachers, students, and especially

for parents, so that the work in which we are engaged may be appreciated in the homes and produce still more beneficial results.

Supplies which the students need are purchased by a special section and sold at a reduction below the usual retail price. The students are very much interested in their store, since it is of practical benefit to them. It is operated by a group of cadets from the commercial section, one of whom is the manager and bookkeeper. This is an activity which we think is peculiarly our own, for we have not heard. of it in other Junior Red Cross units. The profit made here is used. for free services.

In the library section are kept the books and reviews on Junior Red Cross work, health, and other subjects, all of which offer means for a wider acquaintanceship on the part of the students with the organization and purpose of the society to which they belong.

A professional barber is at the service of all the boys, his charges being the same as those of an ordinary barber shop. The best sanitary conditions are maintained under the supervision of one of the students.

The correspondence section is one of the most important divisions of the Junior Red Cross, for it provides a means for the interchange of correspondence with other parts of our own country and with foreign nations, thus helping to strengthen the bonds of friendship and solidarity between students and leading to an accurate knowledge