THE PAN AMERICAN UNION L. S. ROWE E. GIL BORGES ASSISTANT DIRECTOR WASHINGTON SUBSCRIPTION RATES FOR THE BULLETIN English edition, in all countries of the Pan American Union, $2.50 per year Portuguese edition, 2.00 An ADDITIONAL CHARGE of 75 cents per year, on each edition, for subscriptions in countries outside the Pan American Union. Single copies, any edition, 25 cents each. IT U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1932 TABLE OF CONTENTS NUMBER DEDICATED TO PAN AMERICAN DAY, APRIL 14 Foreword.. Page 229 By L. S. Rowe, Ph. D., LL. D., Director General of the Pan American Union. By Stephen P. Duggan, Ph. D., LL. D., Director, Institute of International Education. Pan American Cooperation in Public Health Work: The Pan American Sanitary Conferences and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau__ 246 By Bolivar J. Lloyd, M. D., Medical Director, United States Public Health Service; Assistant to the Director, Pan American Sanitary Bureau. United States Trade with Latin America in 1931. 259 By Matilda Phillips, Chief, Statistical Division, Pan American Union. The Pan American Union as the Permanent Organ of the International 261 By William Manger, Ph. D., Chief, Division of Finance, Pan American Union. Pan American Student Clubs_ 277 By Heloise Brainerd, Chief, Division of Intellectual Cooperation Pan American Union. (The contents of previous issues of the BULLETIN OF THE PAN UNION can be found in the Reader's Guide in your library.) AMERICAN The illuminated façade of the building of the Pan American Union, the international organization created and maintained by the 21 American Republics, whose aim is to promote friendly intercourse, peace, and closer understanding between the Republics of the American Continent. T FOREWORD By L. S. ROWE, Ph. D. LL. D. HE celebration of Pan American Day in 1932 will in a very real sense be a special celebration by the younger generation. Throughout the continent public and private schools and universities have arranged exercises designed to impress upon the student body the larger significance of this continental event. Although but one year has passed since the first designation of Pan American Day by the 21 Republics of the Western Hemisphere, it has already become the outward symbol and expression of the essential unity of purpose and ideals of the nations of America. The exercises, therefore, which are to be held on April 14 in educational institutions are indications of a growing spirit of solidarity which is manifesting itself to an increasing extent both at the Pan American Conferences and in the activities of the Pan American Union. Official ceremonies in the capitals of the American Republics and municipal observances, not only in the large centers of population but in the most remote localities throughout the continent, will mark the day in 1932 as in 1931. In view of the fact that the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington is being celebrated this year, the representatives of the Republics of Latin America, members of the Governing Board of the Pan American Union, have decided to make a pilgrimage to Mount Vernon on that day and at the tomb of Washington to read the messages from their respective Presidents. This will undoubtedly constitute one of the most impressive ceremonies incident to the celebration of Pan American Day. It is difficult to imagine a finer tribute to the memory of George Washington. THE EVOLUTION OF PAN AMERICANISM GR By Dr. LUIS ANDERSON 1 Jurist, San José, Costa Rica REAT as have been the changes which in the course of time have taken place in the international field, none equals in importance and in fruitful results of many kinds the advent of the sovereign American States into the family of nations. A constellation of new republics was formed by vigorous and progressive groups of people imbued with the spirit of liberty and living in a vast continent, whose fabulous riches and splendid possibilities invited unremitting efforts for common improvement. On this continent, removed from the rest of the world by the mighty oceans surrounding its shores, these States came into being after their glorious struggle for independence, to destroy the former European balance of power and to change fundamentally the established order of things. Thus they marked a new orientation in political and international relations and offered to the world a new and highly fertile field where the noblest ideals of justice and liberty might flourish. In the struggle of the Spanish colonies against the mother country for independence and incorporation into the international concert as free and sovereign States, each competed with the other in heroic exertions and when, victory theirs, the liberty attained at the cost of so many sacrifices was threatened by attacks from the European dynasties leagued in the Holy Alliance, the young Republics hastened as one to defend their common patrimony of freedom. Thus from the necessity of self-preservation and self-defense against a general danger, from that proximity to one another productive of ties of affection, and from their common democratic form of government-a form essentially different from the absolutism which prevailed in other continents-there arose early in the public consciousness of the American States a strong and sympathetic attraction, which culminated in a sentiment of cooperation and solidarity in everything relating to the consolidation and maintenance of the new nations, as well as to their free development and civic and economic progress. 1 Doctor Anderson has rendered many distinguished services to his country, both at home and abroad. He has served as Minister of Foreign Relations, of Public Instruction, and of Justice; and he has represented his nation on diplomatic missions in the United States, Mexico, El Salvador, and Nicaragua; he was a delegate of Costa Rica to the Third Pan American Scientific Congress, the Fourth Pan American Commercial Conference, a charter member of the American Institute of International Law, and a member of the International Commission of Jurists, Rio de Janeiro, 1927. |