ARTICLE XIX

The Government of the Republic of Panama shall have the right to transport over the Canal its vessels and its troops and munitions of war in such vessels at all times without paying charges of any kind. The exemption is to be extended to the auxiliary railway for the transportation of persons in the service of the Republic of Panama, or of the police force charged with the preservation of public order outside of said zone, as well as to their baggage, munitions of war and supplies.

ARTICLE XX

If by virtue of any existing treaty in relation to the territory of the Isthmus of Panama, whereof the obligations shall descend or be assumed by the Republic of Panama, there may be any privilege or concession in favour of the Government or the citizens and subjects of a third power relative to an interoceanic means of communication which in any of its terms may be incompatible with the terms of the present convention, the Republic of Panama agrees to cancel or modify such treaty in due form, for which purpose it shall give to the said third power the requisite notification within the term of four months from the date of the present convention, and in case the existing treaty contains no clause permitting its modification or annulment, the Republic of Panama agrees to procure its modification or annulment in such form that there shall not exist any conflict with the stipulations of the present convention.

ARTICLE XXI

The rights and privileges granted by the Republic of Panama to the United States in the preceding Articles are understood to be free of all anterior debts, liens, trusts, or liabilities, or concessions or privileges to other Governments, corporations, syndicates or individuals; and consequently, if there should arise any claims on account of the present concessions and privileges or otherwise, the claimant shall resort to the Government of the Republic of Panama and not to the United States for any indemnity or compromise which may be required.

The Republic of Panama renounces and grants to the United States the participation to which it might be entitled in the future earnings of the Canal under Article XV of the concessionary contract with Lucien N. B. Wyse now owned by the New Panama Canal Company and any and all other rights or claims of a pecuniary nature arising under or relating to said concession, or arising under or relating to the concessions to the Panama Railroad Company or any extension or modification thereof; and it likewise renounces, confirms and grants to the United States, now and hereafter, all the rights and property reserved in the said concessions which otherwise would belong to Panama at or before the expiration of the terms of ninety-nine years of the conces sions granted to or held by the above mentioned party and companies, and all right, title and interest which it now has or may hereafter have, in and to the lands, canal, works, property and rights held by the said companies under said concessions or otherwise, and acquired or to be acquired by the United States from or through the New Panama Canal Company, including any property and rights which might or may in the future either by lapse of time, forfeiture or otherwise, revert to the Republic of Panama under any contracts or concessions, with said Wyse, the Universal Panama Canal Company, the Panama Railroad Company and the New Panama Canal Company.

The aforesaid rights and property shall be and are free and released from any present or reversionary interest in or claims of Panama and the title of the United States thereto upon consummation of the contemplated purchase by the United States from the New Panama Canal Company shall be absolute, so far as concerns the Republic of Panama, excepting always the rights of the Republic specifically secured under this treaty.

ARTICLE XXIII

If it should become necessary at any time to employ armed forces for the safety or protection of the Canal, or of the ships that make use of the same, or the railways and auxiliary works, the United States shall have the right, at all times and in its discretion, to use its police and its land and naval forces or to establish fortifications for these purposes.

ARTICLE XXIV

No change either in the Government or in the laws and treaties of the Republic of Panama shall, without the consent of the United States, affect any right of the United States under the present convention, or under any treaty stipulation between the two countries that now exists or may hereafter exist touching the subject matter of this convention.

If the Republic of Panama shall hereafter enter as a constituent into any other Government or into any union or confederation of states, so as to merge her sovereignty or independence in such Government, union or confederation, the rights of the United States under this convention shall not be in any respect lessened or impaired.

ARTICLE XXV

For the better performance of the engagements of this convention and to the end of the efficient protection of the Canal and the preservation of its neutrality, the Government of the Republic of Panama will sell or lease to the United States lands adequate and necessary for naval or coaling stations on the Pacific coast and on the western Caribbean coast of the Republic at certain points to be agreed upon with the President of the United States.

ARTICLE XXVI

This convention when signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the Contracting Parties shall be ratified by the respective Governments and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington at the earliest date possible.

In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention in duplicate and have hereunto affixed their respective seals.

Done at the City of Washington the 18th day of November in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and three.

APPENDIX VII

PROCLAMATION OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE CANAL ZONE ISSUED

AT CULEBRA, PANAMA, MAY 19, 1904

To the Inhabitants of the Isthmian Canal Zone:

In pursuance of the terms of the canal convention between the United States and the Republic of Panama, the ratifications of which were exchanged on the 26th day of February, 1904, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States, on the Isthmus of Panama, the perpetual use, occupation, and control of a certain zone of land 10 miles in width, and land under water, including the islands within said zone, and also the islands of Perico, Naos, Culebra, and Flamenco, situated on the Bay of Panama, and the use, occupation, and control of certain other lands and waters outside said zone, which may be found to be necessary and convenient, all to be utilised for and in connection with the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the ship canal which the United States is to construct, and which will extend from the Caribbean Sea, near Colon, to the Pacific Ocean, near the City of Panama.

In addition to the perpetual use, occupation, and control of the lands and waters referred to, the Republic of Panama has also granted to the United States all the rights, powers, and authority within said zone, auxiliary canals, islands, and lands under water which the United States would possess and exercise if it were the sovereign of the territory granted, to the entire exclusion of the exercise by the Republic of Panama of any such sovereign rights, power, and authority.

The canal zone, and all the real and movable property situated within it, that formerly belonged to the New Panama Canal Company have been purchased and taken possession of and are now occupied or controlled by or on behalf of the United States of America.

For the maintenance of order within the territory above described, the use, occupation, and control of which have been granted to the United States, and in order that the

inhabitants may be protected in the full enjoyment of their liberty, property, and religion, the President of the United States has been empowered by the Congress to establish a temporary government for the canal zone, to which end he has been authorised to delegate to such person or persons as he may designate, and to control the manner of their exercise, all the military, civil, and judicial powers and authority granted to the United States by the Republic of Panama as well as the power to make all needful rules and regulations.

With respect to the government and administration of the canal zone, the President has delegated to the undersigned, as governor of the zone, all necessary executive and administrative attributes, with power to appoint the officials and organise the police force necessary to preserve order and to carry out the purposes of government on the Isthmus. The power to make rules and regulations-in short, all matters of legislation for the zone and its inhabitants have been delegated to the members of the Isthmian Canal Commission, of whom four constitute a quorum for legislative purposes; but it is provided that the governor of the zone and the legislative commission shall exercise their powers and authority and carry on their work always under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of War.

The President has ordered that the laws of the land which were in force on the 27th of February, 1904, shall continue in force in all places on the Isthmus of Panama over which the United States has jurisdiction until said laws are altered or annulled by the canal commission, and the people are entitled to security in their persons, property, and religion, and in all their private rights and relations. They will be disturbed as little as possible in their customs and avocations that are in harmony with the principles of well ordered and decent living, but there are certain great principles of government that have been made the basis of our existence as a nation which are deemed essential to the rule of law and the maintenance of order, and will have force within the canal zone and within other lands on the Isthmus that are controlled by the United States. The principles referred to may be generally stated as follows:

That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation; that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right