Post-Communist Mafia State: The Case of HungaryHaving won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ?organized over-world?, the ?state employing mafia methods? and the ?adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules. ÿ |
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State penalization of critical reactions called forth by special taxes .................................................. 171 5.10.4. The inverse of special taxes: strategic agreements and mutual benefits .
I am also grateful for critical observations from Mihály Andor, Attila Ara-Kovács, László Békesi, István Csillag, András György Deák, Csaba Gombár, Pál Juhász, Miklós Kárpáti, Júlia Király, János Kornai, Balázs Krémer, Tamás Lattmann, ...
In their case these deviations do not achieve a critical mass, and do not thereby pose a threat to the system. However, if the deviations undermining the legal standards of liberal democracies are not only present in great numbers, ...
Interpretation and debate are the functions of the language of the liberal, left-wing camp. By means of its descriptive, analytical, critical and argumentative tools it forms an identity rationally.
... rather reinforce it—at times stridently, and at others with a nod and a wink—the culture of sensible discussion and a critical, yet still equitable behavior towards each other will be extinguished in both politics and public life.
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Cuprins
1 | |
15 | |
from the functional disorders of democracy to a critique of the system | 57 |
4 Definition of the postcommunist mafia state | 67 |
a subtype of autocratic regimes | 73 |
6 The legitimacy deficit faced by the mafia state and the means to overcome it | 209 |
the ideological arsenal | 231 |
8 The Criminal State | 255 |
9 Pyramid schemesthe limits of the mafia state | 269 |
Annexes | 297 |
List of accompanying studies | 304 |
Former publications | 306 |
Index of Names | 309 |