Post-Communist Mafia State: The Case of HungaryCentral European University Press, 1 mar. 2016 - 336 pagini Having won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ?organized over-world?, the ?state employing mafia methods? and the ?adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules. ÿ |
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... Office as part of the campaign staff ....... 223 6.2.3. Establishing the institutional means of electoral fraud ..... 224 6.2.4. The 2014 spring parliamentary elections and autumn municipal elections viii Table of Contents.
... campaigns against the holdouts in each of these categories were conducted by law and law enforcement, by public funding and defunding, and by a public campaign highlighting the disloyalty of those who refused to bend to Orbán's will ...
... campaigns, and the fraction of the campaign costs that could be met from the state allocation was negligible from as early as 1994. Party spending on election campaigns was not capped in the beginning. This action was only taken in 1996 ...
... campaign events. This resulted in the escalation of campaign expenditures and made the enforcement of accountability impossible. To add to all of this, the State Court of Auditors only had the right to check the declared campaign ...
... campaigns of local governments and mayors also required significant budgets, the anomalies of central party financing fanned out in waves across the country. Moreover the overlap between possible supporters and those benefited on a ...
Cuprins
1 | |
15 | |
from the functional disorders of democracy to a critique of the system | 57 |
4 Definition of the postcommunist mafia state | 67 |
a subtype of autocratic regimes | 73 |
6 The legitimacy deficit faced by the mafia state and the means to overcome it | 209 |
the ideological arsenal | 231 |
8 The Criminal State | 255 |
9 Pyramid schemesthe limits of the mafia state | 269 |
Annexes | 297 |
List of accompanying studies | 304 |
Former publications | 306 |
Index of Names | 309 |